Introduction to Human Computer Interaction.pdf

HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION  WHAT IS HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION? Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field focused on the design, development, and evaluation of interactive computing systems for human use. HCI aims to optimize the interfaces between humans and comp...

HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION  WHAT IS HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION? Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field focused on the design, development, and evaluation of interactive computing systems for human use. HCI aims to optimize the interfaces between humans and computers, ensuring usability, efficiency, and a positive user experience. This field encompasses aspects of computer science, cognitive psychology, design, and social sciences  HISTORY OF HCI Human-Computer Interaction(HCI) is an area of research and practice that emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, initially as an area in Computer Science. HCI has expanded rapidly and steadily for three decades, attracting professionals from many other disciplines and incorporating diverse concepts and approaches.  HISTORY OF HCI The rise of the Personal Computers (1970s) The broad project of cognitive science, which incorporated cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, linguistics, cognitive anthropology, and the philosophy of mind, had formed at the end of the 1970s.  HISTORY OF HCI Graphical User Interface (GUI) in 1980s Graphical User Interface (GUI) is the interface that is designed for the easier understanding of the users of the computers. Before GUI, there was a command prompt by which command was given to the computers. GUI started the graphical interface which is easy to use, understand, visualize, and it improved the working environment.  HISTORY OF HCI The Internet and Collaborative works (1990s) The Internet started journey in 1990s. So, communications among people became easier. In the consequence of this, many new technologies arrived for better communication. HISTORY OF HCI Mobile Computing and Beyond (2000s) Mobile phones, PDA (Personal Development Assistance), and Smart Phones are ruling the present world. They offer a wide range of services to the people such as sms, mms, multimedia, games, email, internet, chatting, video conference, GPS etc. FOUNDATIONS OF HCI Humans Computers Interaction FOUNDATIONS OF HCI PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES 1. Complexity of User Diversity. 8. Sustainability and Longevity of Design. 2. Rapid Technological Advancement. 9. Interdisciplinary Collaboration. 3. Usability vs. Functionality Trade-off. 4. Ethics and Privacy. 5. Designing for Different Platforms. 6. Human-Centered AI. 7. Accessibility and Inclusivity.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Complexity of User Diversity Designing systems that cater to a broad range of users, with varying levels of expertise, cognitive abilities, cultural backgrounds, and disabilities. User diversity complicates the creation of universal interfaces that are accessible and intuitive for everyone. Balancing simplicity for novice users with advanced functionality for expert users is difficult.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Rapid Technological Advancement. Keeping up with emerging technologies such as AI, AR/VR, and IoT. Designers often struggle to understand the implications of new technologies on user interaction. Ensuring that users can effectively engage with complex, cutting-edge systems while maintaining usability is a persistent issue.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Usability vs. Functionality Trade-off Striking the right balance between usability and functionality. Highly functional systems can become overly complex and difficult to use. Conversely, simplifying interfaces can result in the loss of necessary functionality for advanced users.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Ethics and Privacy: Designing systems that respect user privacy, consent, and ethical standards. Many interactive systems collect and process vast amounts of personal data. Ensuring that this data is handled responsibly, without compromising user privacy or autonomy, is a significant ethical concern.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Designing for Different Platforms Creating consistent and effective interfaces across multiple platforms (e.g., desktops, mobile devices, wearables, and smart environments). The way users interact with different devices varies greatly, and ensuring seamless interaction across these platforms is difficult. Mobile devices have constraints that desktops don’t, such as screen size and input methods.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Human-Centered AI Integrating AI into user interfaces in ways that are intuitive, transparent, and beneficial to the user. Many AI systems are “black boxes,” making it difficult for users to understand their behavior or influence the outcomes. This lack of transparency leads to trust issues and reduced user satisfaction.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Accessibility and Inclusivity: Making technology accessible to people with disabilities. Despite advances in accessibility tools, many systems remain unusable for individuals with vision, hearing, motor, or cognitive impairments. Developing universally accessible systems remains a major challenge.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Sustainability and Longevity of Design Designing interfaces that are sustainable and remain relevant over time. Rapid changes in technology can render designs obsolete quickly. Designers must consider not only the immediate user experience but also how interfaces will adapt to future technological and user needs.  PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES Interdisciplinary Collaboration Effective collaboration across diverse fields such as psychology, design, computer science, and engineering. HCI requires input from multiple disciplines, but differences in language, priorities, and methodologies can make collaboration challenging, potentially leading to disjointed design processes.  KEY CONCEPTS OF HCI User-Centered Design: Designing systems that prioritize the needs and preferences of end users. Usability: Ensuring systems are easy to learn, efficient, and pleasant to use. Accessibility: Designing for people with a range of abilities and disabilities. Interaction Design: Crafting how users interact with technology, focusing on flow, feedback, and functionality. User Experience (UX): How a person feels when interacting with a system, including emotional responses, satisfaction, and perceived effectiveness. Evaluation: Testing and improving system designs through methods like user testing, usability studies, and iterative design.  EXERCISE – 1/4TH YP Aside from Facebook, what web, desktop, or mobile applications do you spend a lot of time on? Explain what do you like and don’t like about it. Prepare to share it in class!