Week 3 STS (2024) PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  ANCIENT PERIOD Transportation Communication Self Organization and living in General  CUNE...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  ANCIENT PERIOD Transportation Communication Self Organization and living in General  CUNEIFORM It is the first writing system known as cuneiform It is system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are curved on clay wedge instruments and then left to dry.  ANCIENT WHEEL “Ancient wheel" generally refers to early versions of the wheel that were used in various ancient civilizations. The wheel is one of humanity's most significant inventions, enabling advancements in transportation, technology, and machinery.  ANCIENT WHEEL Early Wheels: The earliest wheels were used for pottery making rather than transportation. This device called Potter’s wheels, dating back to around 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia, were used to shape clay into pots and other vessels.  THE ROADS In order to facilitate faster and easier travel, the Sumerians developed the first roads. With this work, the flow of traffic become faster and more organized. They made the roads with the same technology they used in making the sunbaked bricks that they laid down on the ground.  PAPER OF PAPYRUS Papyrus is an ancient writing material used primarily in Egypt and other parts of the Mediterranean region. It's made from the papyrus plant (Cyperus papyrus), which grows in the Nile Delta.  INK When the Egyptians invented the papyrus of the paper, engraving ceased to be used in writing. As a result, the Egyptians invented ink by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors. The ink must withstand the elements of nature since it was used to record history, culture, and codified laws. It must also be tamper- proof so that people could not simply tinker with those written down by authorities.  COSMETICS The Egyptians also invented the use of cosmetics. Although cosmetics in the modern times are used to improve and highlight the facial features of a person, their function in ancient Egypt was for both health and aesthetic reasons. Egyptians wore Kohl around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases. Kohl was created by mixing soot or malachite with mineral galena. Egyptians also believed that a person wearing make-up was protected from evil and that beauty was a sign of holiness. At present, the cosmetic industry is a booming multibillion industry  WIG The wigs were used to protect the shaved heads of the wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun. Wearing a wig was better than putting on a scarf or any other head cover since wig allowed heat to escape. Moreover, it was considered cleaner than natural hair because it prevented the accumulation of head lice.  SHADOOF A shadoof (or shaduf) is an ancient irrigation tool used to lift water from a well or a river to irrigate fields. It's a simple yet effective device that dates back to ancient civilizations, particularly in Egypt, but also in other regions where irrigation was crucial.  Antikythera mechanism The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek analog computer designed to predict astronomical positions and eclipses for calendrical and astrological purposes. Discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera shipwreck off the coast of Greece, it is often considered one of the most sophisticated technological artifacts of the ancient world.  Aeolipile Aeolipile also known as the hero’s engine is an ancient steam-powered device used to demonstrate the principles of steam pressure and propulsion. It is considered one of the earliest examples of a steam engine. MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES The Middle Ages, also known as the Medieval period, is a historical era in Europe that spans roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire around 476 CE to the beginning of the Renaissance, commonly placed around the 14th to 15th centuries  Heavy Plough One of the most important technological innovations during the middle ages is the invention of heavy plough.The heavy plough had a large, heavy frame and a strong, metal-tipped share (the cutting blade) that could cut through tough soil.  GUNPOWDER The gunpowder is one of the most interesting inventions in China. Originally, it was developed by Chinese Alchemists who aimed to achieved immortality. They mixed charcoal, sulphur and potassium nitrate, but instead of creating an elixir of life, they accidentally invented a black powder that could generate large amounts of heat and gas in an instant.  Mechanical Clock Mechanical clocks paved the way for accurately keeping track of time. The sophistication of clockwork technology of the mechanical clock drastically changed the way days were spent and work patterns were established.  MODERN AGES The term "modern ages" generally refers to the period in history following the Middle Ages and extending to the present day. Modern Ages realized the utmost importance of increasing the efficiency of transportation, communication and production. Industrialization took place with greater risks in human health, food, safety and environment which had to be addressed as scientific and technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed.  MICROSCOPE To develop the proper medicines for illnesses, expert must understand the sickness through an investigation. Thus, they needed the device that could magnify things invisible to the eye. Guided by the principles used for the invention of eyeglasses in earlier years, Zacharias Janssen was able to develop the first compound microscope. TELESCOPE The invention of the telescope, an optical instrument that helps in the observation of remote objects, was a great help for navigators during this time. Together with the telescope, the invention of the compass, oars, and rudders made sea travelling easier and safer.  Jacquard loom The Jacquard loom is a type of weaving loom that uses a series of punched cards to control the pattern being woven. Developed by Joseph Marie Jacquard in the early 19th century (around 1801), this loom revolutionized the textile industry by allowing for the automatic production of complex patterns. TELEPHONE Important day to day decisions must be discussed and addressed at the fastest time possible. Thus, the development of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell was one of the most important inventions at that time. CALCULATOR Although an earlier version of the calculator had already been developed, circumstances in the modern times required a faster way to compute more complicated equations. Computing devices must also be easy to carry since they would be utilized on a day to day basis. The Creation of modern calculators did not only pave the way for easier arithmetic calculations, but also resulted in the development of more complex processing machines like the computer.  Engine-Powered Airplane Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright are credited for designing and successfully operating the first engine-powered aircraft. The Wright brothers approached the design of powered aircraft and flight scientifically  Television John Logie Baird is largely credited for the invention of television. 1925- Recognizable human faces. 1926-Moving objects 1928-Projected colored images PHILIPPINE INVENTION The Philippines also contributes to the global advancement of science and technology. It is quite remarkable to note the ingenuity of the Filipinos despite the lack in resources. The Philippines is known to be one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of natural disasters. Many of the discoveries and inventions made by the Filipinos were therefore built from indigenous materials or created to adapt to the EJEEPNEY The jeepney dominated the Philippine streets and is considered as the primary mode of transportation of most Filipinos. However, the diesel-powered jeepney produces large quantities of black smoke and a major contributor of noise pollution. To counter these disadvantages, the electric jeepney (eJeepney) was developed. It is environment-friendly since it does not emit any smoke and noise.  SALAMANDER AMPHIBIOUS TRICYCLE H2O Technologies headed by Dominic N. Chung and Lamberto Armada, together with Chief Designer Victor “Atoy” Llave, was able to invent the Salamander, an amphibious tricycle that can cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and lakes. It may also be utilized to travel from island to island. Since the Philippines is an archipelago, the Salamander is a useful invention that has a lot of potential.  MEDICAL INCUBATOR Dr. Fe del Mundo a Filipino pediatrician and the first Asian woman admitted into Harvard Medical School, devised a medical incubator made from indigenous and cheap materials which did not run on electricity. It was made by placing a native laundry basket inside a bigger one and hot water bottles were inserted between the baskets to provide warmth and a makeshift hood to allow oxygen circulation.  Erythromycin In 1949, Aguilar was testing soil samples from his backyard and had discovered a method to formulate erythromycin. Dr. Abelardo Aguilar isolated a strain of bacteria which lead to the development of erythromycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat and prevent a wide range of infections.  Banana Ketchup Filipina food technologist Maria Y. Orosa (1892–1945) is credited with inventing the product. In 1942, banana ketchup was first mass- produced commercially by Magdalo V. Francisco Sr THANK YOU...