Anatomy, Physiology & General Pathology - Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems PDF

Anatomy, Physiology and General Pathology The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Pre-Test: Match Organs and Their 2 Structures ORGAN SYSTEMS STRUCTURES Cardiovascular 1 Brain and spinal cord...

Anatomy, Physiology and General Pathology The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems Pre-Test: Match Organs and Their 2 Structures ORGAN SYSTEMS STRUCTURES Cardiovascular 1 Brain and spinal cord Hypothalamus, pituitary, Digestive 2 thyroid/parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries, testes Endocrine 3 Muscles, joints, bone, tendons, ligaments Integumentary 4 Heart and blood vessels Lymphatic 5 Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Nervous 6 Ovaries, testes, breast, uterus Musculoskeletal 7 Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, GI tract Reproductive 8 Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands Spleen, nodes, vessels, thymus, tonsils, Urinary 9 adenoids AI Holdings, Inc.  3 Pre-Test: Match Organs and Their Functions ORGAN SYSTEMS FUNCTIONS Cardiovascular 1 Support and movement Digestive 2 Rapid and shorter communications Endocrine 3 Fluid balance and immunity Integumentary 4 Filtration and fluid balance Lymphatic 5 Protection and temperature regulation Nervous 6 Survival of the species Musculoskeletal 7 Slower and longer communications Metabolism and storage of carbohydrates, fats Reproductive 8 and proteins Urinary 9 Transport of nutrients, gases and waste AI Holdings, Inc.  4 Objectives 1- Describe the overall purpose of the cardiovascular circulatory system in maintaining life and health. 2- Describe the anatomy of the heart and function of each component. 3- Describe systemic circulation versus pulmonary circulation. 4- Describe hepatic portal circulation. 5- Describe fetal circulation. 6- Explain blood pressure and pulse. 7- Describe the structure and function of the nose and pharynx. 8- Describe the structure and function of the larynx and trachea. 9-Describe the structure and function of bronchi. AI Holdings, Inc.  5 Obj. 1- Cardiovascular System Purpose What do WE need to grow and thrive? Oxygen and nutrients. Remember us? That’s right. Cells and Tissues. What happens as part of our metabolic process? We give off Carbon Dioxide and waste products. How do we get the O2 and nutrients and get rid of CO2 and waste? Our Cardiovascular and Respiratory System! AI Holdings, Inc.  6 Obj. 1- Cardiovascular System Purpose THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM The Blood carries the O2, CO2, nutrients and wastes. (The Truck) The Heart pumps so the blood moves. (The Dispatcher) The Blood Vessels carry it around the body. (The Road System) AI Holdings, Inc. Obj. 1- Cardiovascular System 7 Purpose Arteries – take blood away from the heart Veins – “drain” blood back toward the heart © Elsevier AI Holdings, Inc.  8 Obj. 1- Cardiovascular System Purpose AI Holdings, Inc.  9 Obj. 1- Cardiovascular System Purpose Thicker Walled- > Blood Pressure Thinner Walled- >Blood Volume Artery- Vein- flow away from the heart flow drained back to the © Elsevier heart AI Holdings, Inc.  10 Obj. 2- Anatomy of the Heart Pumping Chambers? Receiving Chambers? Where does blood enter the heart? Where does blood exit the heart? AI Holdings, Inc.  11 Obj. 2- Anatomy of the Heart *On echo, image is flipped due to angle used to obtain image of 4 Pumping Chambers chamber heart Receiving Chambers © Elsevier AI Holdings, Inc.  12 Obj. 2- Function of the Heart 1- Electrical Activity (ECG) moves through heart 3- Pressure differences on opposite sides of the heart valve causes valve to open and blood to flow out of the heart 2- Electricity causes heart muscle (Myocardium) to contract AI Holdings, Inc.  13 Obj.3- Systemic vs. Pulmonary Circulation RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE OF OF HEART HEART (Pumps blood (Pumps blood to the to the lungs- body- SYSTEMIC) PULMONARY) AI Holdings, Inc.  14 Obj. 4- Hepato-portal Circulation returns blood from spleen and intestines to the liver for filtration of toxins and storage of nutrients, then back to heart through hepatic veins © Elsevier Splenic Vein- blood from Spleen Superior Mesenteric Vein- blood from Intestines Inferior Mesenteric Vein- blood from AI Holdings, Inc. Intestines  15 Obj. 4- Hepato-portal Circulation AI Holdings, Inc.  16 Obj. 4- Hepato-portal Circulation © Elsevier AI Holdings, Inc.  17 Obj. 4- Hepato-portal Circulation Short Axis of Portal Triad “Mickey Mouse” “Duct” “Artery” “District” “Attorney” BILE DUCT HEPATIC ARTERY PORTAL VEIN Long Axis of Portal Triad AI Holdings, Inc.  18 Obj. 5- Fetal Circulation Fetus does not use lungs to obtain O2 before birth Obtains Food and O2 from Mom through umbilical cord Shunts bypass liver and lungs until birth AI Holdings, Inc.  19 Obj. 6- Blood Pressure and Pulse Blood pressure is the measure of arterial pressure at two points in time within the cardiac cycle. 120/69 mmHg Systolic: pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (when the heart muscle contracts) (Example: 120 mmHg) Diastolic: pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refilling with blood) (Example: 69 mmHg) AI Holdings, Inc.  20 Obj. 6- Blood Pressure and Pulse Pulse is a measure of the number of times the heart is beating in one minute. Example: 80 BPM (beats per minute) AI Holdings, Inc.  21 Obj. 7- Respiratory System Nose Pharynx Larnyx Trachea Bronchi AI Holdings, Inc.  22 Obj. 7- Structure & Function of Nose Structures- 1- Nostrils- opening 2- Cavities- spaces 2 3 lined with sticky mucous 1 3- Conchae- curved bones Functions- 1- Nostrils- allow air to enter 2- Cavities- trap 4- Warm the air entering the body particles 3- Conchae- 5-Moisturize the air entering the body causes air to change direction AI Holdings, Inc.  23 Obj. 7- Structure & Function of Pharynx Structures- 3 regions Composed of skeletal tissue and lined with mucous membranes Functions- 1- allows the passage of food 2- allows the passage of air 3- help equalize air pressure on both sides of ear drum AI Holdings, Inc.  24 Obj. 8- Structure & Function of Larynx Structures- 9 rings of cartilage connected by ligament and moved by muscles 1. True vocal cords- 2. False vocal cords- 2 Functions- 1 1- allows air to pass to create sound (voice) 2- prevent solids from entering larynx AI Holdings, Inc.  25 Obj. 8- Structure & Function of Trachea Structures- 1. Outer cartilage 2. Inner mucous membrane and 1 cilia 3. Branches into bronchi to lungs Functions- 2 1. Provides form 2. Trap and sweep dust particles to pharynx and away from lungs 3 3. Airway passage to lungs  26 Obj. 9- Structure & Function of Bronchi Structures- 1. Rt. And Lt. Bronchus (largest) 2. Cartilage to cartilage plates to smooth muscle as they get smaller Functions- 1. Clears particles 2. Allows passage of air to alveoli 3. Alveoli allow gas exchange AI Holdings, Inc.  27 Objectives 1- Describe the overall purpose of the cardiovascular circulatory system in maintaining life and health. 2- Describe the anatomy of the heart and function of each component. 3- Describe systemic circulation versus pulmonary circulation. 4- Describe hepatic portal circulation. 5- Describe fetal circulation. 6- Explain blood pressure and pulse. 7- Describe the structure and function of the nose and pharynx. 8- Describe the structure and function of the larynx and trachea. 9-Describe the structure and function of bronchi. AI Holdings, Inc.