Week 1.2 DRRR Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk PDF

Masayang Buhay! (MA’AM CLAIRE ANN ESCARTIN) TEACHER  PRAYER Dear God, we ask that you give us the strength and courage to do our daily tasks with a positive attitude and an eagerness to learn. Guide us through each lesson and help us understand complex topics that may co...

Masayang Buhay! (MA’AM CLAIRE ANN ESCARTIN) TEACHER  PRAYER Dear God, we ask that you give us the strength and courage to do our daily tasks with a positive attitude and an eagerness to learn. Guide us through each lesson and help us understand complex topics that may come our way by giving us the grace we need to remember and retain  Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction  WELCOME GRADE 11! TO SECOND SEM Checking of Attendanc  What are you feeling today?  Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Disaster and  LEARNING OBJECTIVES The Learners… Understand the meaning of Disasters. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters. Appreciate the significance of knowing disaster risks and how it may effect one’s life Activity 2: What is on your mind? Directions: Analyze the given images and answer the given questions below. Write it on your notebook. 1.In two to three sentences, describes the given images. 2.List down the disasters that you can identify from the images.  Basic Concept of Disaster and  Hink alk! Direction: How do you defined disaster? DISASTER?  A sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property.  Disrupts the usual course of life, causing both physical and emotional distress such as an intense feeling of helplessness and hopelessness.  The Who? Direction: According to our discussion earlier kindly determine which of the two will be affected by the disaster? Explain your answer. A. LIFE (human and Animals) B. Properties Affected Elements : 1.Life(Human and Animals) 2.Property  PLEASE ARRANGE ME! Directions: Arrange the jumbled word and when you hear the word “GO” , you can start to raise your hand. ATUALRN SAIDRSETS A. Natural Disasters  Classification of Disasters: A. Natural Disasters A natural phenomenon is caused by Natural forces, such as Earthquakes, Typhoon, Volcanic Eruptions, Hurricanes, Fires, Tornados, and extreme temperatures. Can be classified as rapid on set disasters and those with progressive onset, such as droughts that lead to famine. These events, usually sudden, can have tremendous effects  PLEASE ARRANGE ME! ANM–ADME SAIDRSETS A. Man–made Disasters  A. Man–made Disaster Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non intentional human actions. Three categories: 1. Technological/Industrial Disaster 2. Terrorism/Violence 3. Complex humanitarian emergencies 1. Technological/Industrial Disasters  Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety standards increase the risk for industrial disasters. Examples:  Leaks of hazardous materials  Accidental explosions  Bridge or road collapse  Vehicle collisions  Power cuts  2. Terrorism/Violence The treat of terrorism has also due to the spread of technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents used to develop weapons of mass destruction. Examples:  Bombs or explosions  Release of chemical materials  Release of radioactive agents  multiple or massive shootings  mutinies  3. Complex humanitarian emergencies  Usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency resulting from an international or civil war. Examples:  Conflicts  Wars  Genocide (the deliberate killing a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation)  Risk and Disaster Risk In general, risk is defined as “the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences” (UNISDR, 2009). The term disaster risk refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period. Risk Factors Underlying disasters  Picture + Word Direction:  The Teacher will present a visual presentation containing images and words. Students will combine the ideas formed to create a word.  Wait for the Go signal , then raise your hand to answer. HAZARD  Three important elements such as; 1. HAZARD  “The dangerous stuff” in our Hazard will be environment; considered disaster  A potentially dangerous physical once they affect occurrence, phenomenon or human humans, but if they activity. occur in a unpopulated  Can be natural (earthquake) or man area they will remain made (conflicts) hazards.  Can potentially cause harm or damage. Exposure 2. Exposure  The elements at risk from natural or man made hazard event  All about who or what is the path The more people; of those hazard Examples buildings or  Hazard is earthquake infrastructure in  Exposure is the people and harm’s way the buildings affected greater the exposure.  Nera LITY Vulnerability 3. Vulnerability  The condition determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors or process; which increase the The more vulnerable susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazard. a group or area is,  How easily something can be the harder it might harmed or affected by the hazard bounce back from a  About weaknesses or lack of preparation disaster.  Risk Factors  Processes or conditions, often development related that influence the level of disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity.  The various factors or conditions that make an area more vulnerable to experiencing a disaster or facing greater harm when a disaster occurs. The followings are taken into consideration when risk factors underlying disaster are involved; Severity of Exposure  Measures those who experience disaster first hand which has the highest risk of developing future mental problems, followed by those in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and health care practitioners and lowest risk are those most distant like those who have awareness of the disaster only through news The followings are taken into consideration when risk factors underlying disaster are involved; Gender and Family  The female gender suffers more adverse effects. This worsens when children are present at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain. Age  Adults in the age range of 40 to 60 are more stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit more stress after disasters than adults do. The followings are taken into consideration when risk factors underlying disaster are involved; Economic status of country  Evidence indicates that severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines.  It has been observed that natural disasters tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries than man caused disasters in developed countries.  Factors which underlie disaster; 1. Climate Change  Can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways by altering the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns.  The alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.  Factors which underlie disaster; 2. Environmental Degradation  Changes to the environment can influence the frequency and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to these hazards. 3. Globalized Economic Development  Results in an increased polarization between the rich and poor on a global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of assets in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively managed  Factors which underlie disaster; 4. Poverty and Inequality  Socio economic factors such as poverty, lack of education, and limited access to healthcare increase vulnerability and hamper communities’ ability to recover from disasters. 5. Poor planned and managed Urban Development  Rapid and unplanned urbanization, as well as improper land use planning, can result in increased exposure to hazard and inadequate infrastructure for disaster resilience.  Factors which underlie disaster; 6. Weak governance  Poor governance, corruption and ineffective policies can hinder the development and implementation of disaster risk reduction strategies. 7. Lack of Community Awareness  Insufficient knowledge and awareness within communities about the risks they face and the importance of preparedness measures can interfere effective disaster response. Effects of Disasters on One’s life  The Human Effect of Natural and Man–made disaster; 1. Displaced Populations When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces of nature, many people need to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water.  The Human Effect of Natural and Man–made disaster; 2. Health Risks Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters present, the secondary effect can be just as damaging. Severe flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria carrying mosquitoes. Without emergency relief from international aid organizations and others, death tolls can rise even after immediate danger has passed.  The Human Effect of Natural and Man–made disaster; 3. Food Scarcity The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies. Thousands of people around the world are hungry because of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.  The Human Effect of Natural and Man–made disaster; 4. Emotional Aftershocks Natural disaster can be particularly traumatic for young children. Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and loved ones, many children develop post–traumatic stress disorder (PSTD), a serious psychological condition resulting from PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological damage and emotional distress.  Here are some ways on how to plan ahead of a disaster: 1. Check for hazards at home. 2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors 3. Educate yourself and family members 4. Have disaster kits/ supplies on hand 5. Develop an emergency communication plan 6. Help your community get ready 7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness cycle.  Disaster Preparedness Cycle Plan Evaluate Organize and Equip Exercise Plan Train “Great Damage caused by a disaster can be reduced if everyone will take responsibility in anticipating its effects”