Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Course Outline PDF

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COURSE OUTLINE  Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Concepts  Definition of Disaster Management Terms  Disaster Risk Management Cycle...

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COURSE OUTLINE  Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Concepts  Definition of Disaster Management Terms  Disaster Risk Management Cycle  Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework  The Youth Role in Disaster Preparedness OVERVIEW The Philippines is one of the most natural hazard-prone countries in the world. The social and economic cost of natural disasters in the country is increasing due to population growth, change in land-use patterns, migration, unplanned urbanization, environmental degradation and global climate change. With several fault lines crossing the country, earthquakes could have very devastating effects. There are 220 volcanoes, 22 of which are classified as active (NDCC 2008). The Philippines is also located along the typhoon belt on the North Pacific Basin in the Pacific where 75 per cent of the typhoons originate. There are 20 to 30 typhoons passing through the country, 5-7 of which can be destructive (NDCC 2008). As a consequence of extreme rainfall events, flash floods, flooding and landslides have become more prevalent since 2000. The impacts of climate change in the Philippines are becoming better understood (Cruz et al, 2007). There has been an increase in the annual mean rainfall since the 1980s and in the number of rainy days since the 1990s (Cruz et al: 10.2.2). On average, 20 cyclones cross the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) with about 8-9 making landfall each year. PRE- TEST Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. Republic Act 10121, also known as _______. a. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management b. NSTP Act of 2001 c. Ecological Waste Management 2. A situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property or environment. a. Risk b. Vulnerability c. Hazard 3. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses. a. Hazard b. Disaster c. Natural Disaster 4. It aims to identify potential risks and hazards that could lead to a disaster. It involves analyzing the environment, assessing vulnerabilities and risks, and developing measures to prevent or mitigate potential hazards. a. Preparedness b. Recovery c. Prevention 5. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. a. Governance TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  b. Early Warning c. Disaster Management 6. Also known as a seismic sea wave or as a tidal wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. a. Landslide b. Tropical Cyclone c. Tsunami 7. A broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe forms of disturbance when many people are involved and are set upon a common aim. a. Criminality b. Civil Disorder c. War 8. Refers to the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate return to normalcy and redevelopment. It occurs before, during and after a disaster. a. Disaster Management b. Disaster Preparedness c. Disaster Response 9. The following are the roles of the youth in disaster preparedness except… a. Get involved in disaster preparedness b. Be Ready to be a victim c. Make a Strong and Safe Community 10. Disaster risk reduction and management DRRM) includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involves the following except. a. Rehabilitation b. Relief c. Recovery DISCUSSION OF Since the Office of Civil Defense and National Disaster Risk Reduction TOPICS Management Council' creation, PD 1566 of 1978 has been the basic law that guides the disaster management programs, projects and strategies implementation in the country. However, it has been observed and noted from past experiences, combined with lessons learned and gaps examination, that the law that creates the Council is more leaning and gives more emphasis on response action, thus, making the implementers reactive to possible disasters rather than taking a proactive stance in disaster risk management. Thus, President Arroyo signed on May 27 Republic Act 10121, also known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. This Act provides for the development of policies and plans and the implementation of actions and measures pertaining to all aspects of disaster risk reduction, management and recovery, including good governance, risk assessment and early warning, knowledge building and awareness raising, reducing underlying risk factors, and preparedness for effective response and early recovery. The new law adopts and adheres to principles and strategies consistent with the international standards set by the Hyogo Framework for Action (HEA, a comprehensive, action-oriented response to international concern about the TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  growing impacts of disasters on individuals, communities and national development. A National Disaster Risk Reduction, Management and Recovery Framework and plan was developed, formulated, and implemented. The Framework provides for comprehensive, all hazards, multi-sectoral, inter agency and community based approach to disaster risk reduction, management and recovery. It serves as the principal guide to disaster risk reduction, management and recovery efforts in the country in conformity with the National Disaster Risk Reduction, Management and Recovery Framework (NDRRMRF). Republic Act No. 10121, known as the "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (PDRRM) Act of 2010" "An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework and Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefore and For Other Purposes" Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Concepts The concept of disaster risk reduction management (DRRM) accepts that some hazard events may occur but tries to lessen the impact by improving the community's ability to absorb the impact with minimum damage or destruction. Disaster risk reduction and management is a series of actions (programmes, projects and/or measures) and instruments expressly aimed at reducing disaster risk in endangered regions, and mitigating the extent of disasters. Operationally, it includes risk assessment, disaster prevention and mitigation and disaster preparedness. It is used to underscore the current trend of taking a proactive approach to hazards posed by extreme natural phenomena. Definition of Disaster Management Terms  Hazards. A situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property or environment.  Risks. A probability or threat of a damage, injury, liability, loss, or other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be neutralized through preemptive action.  Vulnerability. The level of susceptibility or resiliency of the people and communities against the impact of the prevailing hazards based on the state of physical, social, and economic conditions in a given area.  Disasters. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.  Vulnerability. The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked.  Exposure. Elements affected by hazard. Disaster management refers to the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  and facilitate return to normalcy and redevelopment. It occurs before, during and after a disaster. Disaster Risk Management Disaster risk reduction and management DRRM) includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involve: 1. Prevention 2. Mitigation 3. Preparedness 4. Response 5. Recovery 6. Rehabilitation Disaster risk management involves all levels of government - decision makers and local government. Non-governmental and community-based organizations play a vital role in the process. Communities themselves are the first responders. Disaster Risk Management Cycle The disaster life cycle describes the process through which emergency managers prepare for emergencies and disasters, respond to them when they occur, help people and institutions recover from them, mitigate their effects, reduce risks of loss, and prevent disasters from occurring. Prevention The first stage of the disaster management cycle is about preventing or mitigating the potential effects of a disaster before it happens. It aims to identify potential risks and hazards that could lead to a disaster. It involves analyzing the environment, assessing vulnerabilities and risks, and developing measures to prevent or mitigate potential hazards. While prevention requires preparation before a crisis occurs, implementing permanent measures that reduce hazard risk can benefit all stages of disaster management. For example, preparation can involve mitigating or reducing the effects of a disaster by ensuring building codes are up to date to withstand and reduce damage from an earthquake or tornado. TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  Preparedness Preparedness refers to developing strategies, plans, and procedures to effectively deal with potential disasters. Preparedness involves creating emergency plans, training, and exercises to ensure that people, equipment, and systems are ready to respond to a disaster. Examples of preparedness measures include active shooter safety drills in schools and other community areas that help staff and students know how to respond to such an event in ways that increase their safety and the likelihood of their survival. Fire drills are another example of a preparedness measure, as they are intended to ensure all students or employees have procedures to follow in the event of a fire, including knowing where the proper exits are and where to gather away from the building. Response The response stage involves the immediate response to a disaster. Response measures include search and rescue operations, providing emergency medical assistance, and setting up emergency shelters. Response teams work to stabilize the situation and reduce the potential for further harm. Examples of emergency response would be deploying emergency workers to guide residents toward evacuation routes or moving emergency supplies to a predetermined safety area where community members can convene in the event of a displacing flood. Recovery The recovery stage focuses on restoring the affected community to a state of normalcy. Recovery efforts involve rebuilding infrastructure, providing medical assistance and social services, and helping individuals and families recover financially. A recovery plan could include continued medical assistance, such as physical therapy, for individuals who sustained an injury during a disaster or a support group for those who experienced any emotional trauma due to the event. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework Five (5) Priorities for Action 1. Governance. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. 2. Risk Assessment and Early Warning. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risk and enhance early warning 3. Knowledge Management and Education. Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels. 4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction. Reduce the underlying factors. 5. Disaster Preparedness. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels. TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  Disaster Risk Profile and Disaster Risk Management Framework of the Philippines: Natural Disasters Natural Disaster A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the earth. It can cause loss of life or damage property and leave some economic damage.  Avalanches and Landslides. A landslide is described as an outward and downward slope movement of an abundance of slope-forming materials including rock, soil, artificial, or even a combination of these things.  Earthquakes. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration, shaking, and sometimes displacement of the ground. Earthquakes are caused by slippage within geological faults.  Volcanic Eruptions. Volcanoes can cause widespread destruction and consequent disaster in several ways. The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that may cause harm following the explosion of the volcano or falling rocks.  Floods. A flood is an overflow of water that submerges' land.  Tsunami. A tsunami is also known as a seismic sea wave or as a tidal wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Tsunamis can be caused by undersea earthquakes  Cyclonic Storms. Cyclone, tropical cyclone, hurricane, and typhoon are different names for the same phenomenon, which is a cyclonic storm system that forms over the oceans. The determining factor on which term is used is based on where they originate. In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term "hurricane" is used; in the Northwest Pacific it is referred to as a "typhoon" and "cyclones" occur in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.  Thunderstorms. Severe storms, dust clouds, and volcanic eruptions can generate lightning.  Droughts. Drought is the unusual dryness of soil caused by levels of rainfall significantly below average over a prolonged period. Hot dry winds, shortage of water, high temperatures and consequent evaporation of TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  moisture from the ground can also contribute to conditions of drought. Droughts result in crop failure and shortages of water.  Wild Fire. Wildfires are large fires which often start in wild land areas. Common causes include lightning and drought but wildfires may also be started by human negligence or arson. Human Made Disaster Human-made disaster in the other hand involves an element of human intent, negligence, or involving a failure of a man-made system. It is also called as man- made disaster. https://definitions.uslegal.com/h/human-made-disaster/  Criminality. Behavior which puts others at risk of injury or death is universally regarded as criminal and is a breach of the law for which the appropriate legal authority may impose some form of penalty, such as imprisonment, a fine, or even execution.  Civil Disorder. Civil disorder is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe forms of disturbance when many people are involved and are set upon a common aim.  Terrorism. The common definition of terrorism is the use or threatened use of violence for the purpose of creating fear in order to achieve a political, religious, or ideological goal.  War. War is a conflict between relatively large groups of people, which involves physical force inflicted by the use of weapons.  Waste Disposal. In managing waste many hazardous materials are put in the domestic and commercial waste stream.  Power Outage. A power outage is an interruption of normal sources of electrical power. Short-term power outages (up to a few hours) are common and have minor adverse effect, since most businesses and health facilities are prepared to deal with them.  Fire. Bush fires, forest fires, and mine fires are generally started by lightning, but also by human negligence or arson. How prepared are you? 1. Identify the risk 2. Develop a plan 3. Implement and train 4. Be a leader in your community Oversight and Implementation TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  The Youth Role in Disaster Preparedness Disaster preparedness are measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters. The youth role in disaster preparedness as part of building the nation is recognized to be essential. Youth can play a wide range of roles in youth preparedness programs and play a crucial role in recovery efforts. They may assist communities in mapping their risk and may hold leadership roles in various programs. Some additional roles include:  Youth Information Dissemination  Be a great hero. Get involved in disaster preparedness  Be Ready to prepare a plan  Know the risk, save families and communities  Youth Help Make a Strong and Safe Community  Youth help combat the effect of climate change  Youth assist in mitigating disaster and promoting resilient community  Youth joining CBDRRM actions  POST TEST Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. Republic Act 10121, also known as _______. a. Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management b. NSTP Act of 2001 c. Ecological Waste Management 2. A situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property or environment. a. Risk b. \Vulnerability c. Hazard TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  3. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses. a. Hazard b. Disaster c. Natural Disaster 4. It aims to identify potential risks and hazards that could lead to a disaster. It involves analyzing the environment, assessing vulnerabilities and risks, and developing measures to prevent or mitigate potential hazards. a. Preparedness b. Recovery c. Prevention 5. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. a. Governance b. Early Warning c. Disaster Management 6. Also known as a seismic sea wave or as a tidal wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. a. Landslide b. Tropical Cyclone c. Tsunami 7. A broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe forms of disturbance when many people are involved and are set upon a common aim. a. Criminality b. Civil Disorder c. War 8. Refers to the efficient and effective utilization of resources and the application of measure that will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate return to normalcy and redevelopment. It occurs before, during and after a disaster. a. Disaster Management b. Disaster Preparedness c. Disaster Response 9. The following are the roles of the youth in disaster preparedness except a. Get involved in disaster preparedness b. Be Ready to be a victim c. Make a Strong and Safe Community 10. Disaster risk reduction and management DRRM) includes administrative decisions and operational activities that involves the following except. a. Rehabilitation b. Relief c. Recovery REFERENCES https://definitions.uslegal.com/h/human-made- disaster/?fbclid=IwY2xjawElRGVleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHeIPYTDx0tssMlZsz Kvh- TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl  53bqVMoMP6Mb9_cxOf7hoXPoAcxkg33HGnOEg_aem_iRlosWKOS4NHmM w9OBewEg Labuguen, F. etal “Understanding the National Service Training Program Revised Edition” TSU- NSTP Prepared by: Bangis, Roann D, Campo, Alejandrina, Castro, Angelica, Zapanta, Sheryl