Week 1(1) - Intro to the course, Review of anatomical terminology, regions and planes of the body.pdf

Week 1; Session 1 Introduction to the Course: Human Anatomy & Physiology - 2 (HMG381) Review of Anatomical Terminology, Planes & Regions of the body Dr. Merin Thomas [email protected] Office hours : Tuesday & Thursday – 1.00pm to 3.00pm Contact details & Office Hours E-mail - merin.t-adjunct...

Week 1; Session 1 Introduction to the Course: Human Anatomy & Physiology - 2 (HMG381) Review of Anatomical Terminology, Planes & Regions of the body Dr. Merin Thomas [email protected] Office hours : Tuesday & Thursday – 1.00pm to 3.00pm Contact details & Office Hours E-mail - [email protected] On campus FOUR days a week; not available on campus Friday-Sunday Office hours : Tuesdays & Thursdays, 1.00pm to 3.00pm You are welcome to drop by for any clarifications BUT it is advised to take prior appointment via Teams messenger Kindly avoid calling via Teams; meet me in person for all clarifications and queries easier to answer doubts in person rather than via text/call. For instructions/queries related to assignments/exam portions etc. check blackboard before you reach out. 2 Rules for my classroom PUNCTUALITY & DISCIPLINE! Mode of Conducting Classes FACE TO FACE CLASSES Active participation from all students Each class - 1hour45min Lecture notes will be uploaded in PDF format prior to lecture Attendance of utmost importance – Attendance is marked from day 1. Assessments will be written and on paper Deadlines Modes of Assessment QUIZZES 2 quizzes will be given based on topics covered 10-15min/Quiz ; 1 before midterm 1 after midterm Topic will be given in previous class MID TERM & FINAL EXAM ASSIGNMENT Review of scientific paper PROJECT Group project Use of technology to study anatomy - a comparative study of sheep head and heart with human head and heart Poster presentation TIMELINE OF ASSESSMENTS For exact dates please refer the course syllabus Assessment Tool Weight Description Quizzes 15% TWO quizzes 10-15 minutes each will be distributed across the semester, i.e. 1 quiz before the Midterm Exam and 1 quiz after the Midterm Exam. (7.5% weightage for each quiz) Assignment 15% Select an article of choice related to the course learning objective specified. Analyze the article as per the guidelines given and answer the critical evaluation questions. Midterm Exam 20% Midterm exam will examine knowledge and understanding of the concepts and issues involved in the course. Project 20% Students will study the sheep head and heart by dissection and human head and heart using software. Group presentation of poster prepared. Specific guidelines to be disseminated and discussed. Final exam 30% Final exam will examine knowledge and understanding of the concepts and issues involved in the course. TYPES OF QUESTIONS FORMAT MARKS EXAMPLE True or False 1 mark Multiple Choice 1 mark Questions Mix and Match 1. Organs are composed of only one type of tissue a. True. b. False 1. a. Sagittal. 4 marks 1. i. Short Notes 2 or 3 marks Which imaginary plane divides the body into two equal halves b. Transverse. c. Coronal. d. Median Match week of development to a major event occurring during that week 1st week a. Gastrulation ii. 2nd week b. Organogenesis iii. 3rd week iv. 4th week c. Trophoblast d. Implantation 1.Name the events that take place in the third week of development Processes that occur in the 3rd week of development include Gastrulation, Notochord formation, Neural tube development, Somite formation, formation of Intraembryonic coelom, development of a primitive cardiovascular system - Blood and blood vessel formation. What are you going to learn this semester? REFERENCE BOOKS Tortora, Gerard J. And Bryan H Derrickson. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology E Book. John Wiley & Sons, 2020 In addition to textbook prescribed… Learning Objectives Review Anatomical Terms Regions and Planes of the body Anatomical W Terminology E E R I V Anatomical position, anatomical planes and directional terms used to describe the human body Anatomical Position Standing erect and facing forwards, upper limbs by the side with the palms facing forwards, and lower limbs together with the toes facing forwards Anatomical Planes Refers to a hypothetical geometric planes used to divide the body into sections found at right angles to each other 4 Imaginary planes – applied to a body in the anatomical position 1. Median - Divides body into two equal halves 2. Sagittal - Divides the body into right and left parts 3. Coronal/Frontal - Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) 4. Transverse (Horizontal/axial) - Divides body into Superior (above) and inferior (below) parts Directional Terms From Human Anatomy, by McKinley M.P, O’Loughlin;McGraw Hill 2020,p 12 IN CLASS GROUP ACTIVITY AT THE END OF THE LECTURE BODY CAVITIES Body cavities are spaces that enclose internal organs. They are named based on the bones that surround them or the organs contained with them. Bones, muscles, ligaments, and other structures separate the various body cavities from one another. NAME OF CAVITY CRANIAL CAVITY LOCATION/STRUCTURES Formed by the cranial bones, contains the brain & meninges THORACIC CAVITY – Chest cavity, contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum Pleural Cavity Pericardial Cavity Mediastinum A potential space between the layers of the pleura that surrounds a lung A potential space between the layers of the pericardium that surrounds the heart. Central portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs; extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm; contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels. ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY – Subdivided in abdominal and pelvic cavities Abdominal Cavity Contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine; the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is the peritoneum. Pelvic Cavity Contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestine, and internal organs of reproduction. ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS & REGIONS To describe the location of the many abdominal and pelvic organs more easily, anatomists and clinicians use two methods of dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into smaller areas. In the first method, two horizontal and two vertical lines, aligned like a tic-tac-toe grid, partition this cavity into nine abdominopelvic regions The second method is simpler and divides the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants The nine-region division is more widely used for anatomical studies Quadrants are more commonly used by clinicians for describing the site of abdominopelvic pain, a tumor, or another abnormality. ABDOMINO PELVIC REGIONS The superior horizontal line, the subcostal plane, passes across the lowest level of the 10th costal cartilages; corresponds posteriorly to L3 The inferior horizontal line, the transtubercular plane, passes across the superior margins of the iliac crests of the right and left hip bone Two vertical lines, the left and right midclavicular lines, are drawn through the midpoints of the clavicles (collar bones), just medial to the nipples. These four lines divide the abdominopelvic cavity into 9 regions; each has a name ABDOMINO PELVIC REGIONS Midclavicular lines RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION EPIGASTRIC REGION LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION Subcostal plane RIGHT LUMBAR REGION UMBILICAL REGION LEFT LUMBAR REGION Transtubercular plane RIGHT ILIAC REGION HYPOGASTRIC REGION LEFT ILIAC REGION ABDOMINO PELVIC REGIONS RIGHT EPIGASTRIUM HYPOCHONDRIUM Part of the Stomach, LEFT HYPOCHONDRIUM Liver & Pancreas, Duodenum, Both adrenal glands Part of stomach, Spleen, Left colic flexure, part of the pancreas, Part of left kidney RIGHT LUMBAR REGION UMBILICAL REGION LEFT LUMBAR REGION Ascending colon, Right colic flexure, Part of right kidney Part of the Small intestine, Transverse Colon Part of the Liver, Gallbladder, part of Right kidney RIGHT ILIAC FOSSA Part of small intestine, Appendix, Cecum HYPOGASTRIUM Part of small intestine, Urinary bladder, Sigmoid colon, female reproductive organs Descending colon, Part of Left kidney, part of small intestine LEFT ILIAC FOSSA Parts of colon, part of small intestine ABDOMINO PELVIC QUADRANTS A median plane and a transverse plane pass through the umbilicus. Median plane - vertical imaginary line drawn through the linea alba from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis Transverse plane - a imaginary horizontal line passing through the umbilicus Divides abdomino-pelvic cavity into FOUR quadrants ABDOMINO PELVIC QUADRANTS RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT LEFT UPPER QUADRANT RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT LEFT LOWER QUADRANT Let us apply what we just learnt with a clinical scenario Gell JM, Graves PF. Case Study: 32-Year-Old Male Presenting with Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain. [Updated 2022 Nov 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499859/ Bring laptops to the next class for in class activity and discussion of assignment. REFERENCES Tortora, Gerard J. And Bryan H Derrickson. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons, 2020 Standring, Susan. Gray’s Anatomy E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015 Parker, Steve. The Concise Human Body Book. 2019. Wade CI, Streitz MJ. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Abdomen. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553104/