W8 Urinary System Terminology 2024 PDF

Medical Terminology Urinary System Rehab S. Abelrahman, PhD Associate Professor of Pharmacology &Toxicology College of Pharmacy, Taibah University Learning Objectives 01 02 03 04 Define anatomy Recognize, the Identify main...

Medical Terminology Urinary System Rehab S. Abelrahman, PhD Associate Professor of Pharmacology &Toxicology College of Pharmacy, Taibah University Learning Objectives 01 02 03 04 Define anatomy Recognize, the Identify main Interpret Main of Urinary main functions medical abbreviations System of the Urinary terminology of and terms. System the Urinary System Select the best correct answer: The organ that forms urine is the Nephritis is inflammation of the a. cystic duct a. liver b. bladder b. intestine c. gallbladder c. bladder d. kidney d. kidney With reference to the urinary system, the root cyst/o A substance that promotes urinary output is a(n) means a. hypertensive a. ureter b. urinary stasis b. diuretic c. urinary bladder c. channel blocker d. kidney d. enzyme  The urinary system consists of: Two kidneys, the organs that form urine Two ureters, which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder The urinary bladder, which stores and eliminates urine The urethra, which carries urine out of the body ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﻺطﻼع‬  The Kidneys The kidneys are the organs that form urine from substances filtered out of the blood In addition to metabolic wastes, urine contains water and ions, so its formation is important in regulating the blood’s volume and composition. : In addition, the kidneys produce two substances that act on the circulatory system Erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Renin, an enzyme that functions to raise blood pressure. The tiny working units of the kidneys are the nephrons  The nephron Nephron consists of a glomerular capsule, convoluted tubules, the nephron loop (loop of Henle), and a collecting duct. Blood filtration occurs through the glomerulus in the glomerular capsule The nephron regulates the proportion of water, waste, and other materials in urine according to the body’s constantly changing needs ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻟﻺطﻼع‬ Normal structure and function Lesion Description diuretic A substance that increases the excretion of urine; pertaining to diuresis erythropoietin (EPO) A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow angiotensin A substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys renin An enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood micturition The voiding of urine; urination tubular reabsorption The return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries urea The main nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) waste product in the urine urine The fluid excreted by the kidneys; it consists of water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes, and pigments; a variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease (root: ur/o) Root Meaning Example Definition of Example ren/o kidney suprarenal above the kidney nephr/o kidney nephrosis any noninflammatory disease condition of the kidney glomerul/o glomerulus juxtaglomerular near the glomerulus ur/o urine, urinary tract urinalysis laboratory study of urine urin/o urine nocturia urination during the night (noct/i) cyst/o urinary bladder cystocele hernia of the urinary bladder urethr/o urethra urethrotome instrument for incising the urethra Some related terms cystitis : Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually because of infection Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney, primarily involving the glomeruli renal colic: Radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with the passage of a stone renal failure : Loss of kidney function resulting from loss or damage to the kidney nephrons dialysis Separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane; dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are impaired or missing; the two forms of dialysis are haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis renal transplantation Surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient Some related terms diabetes insipidus A condition caused by inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone, resulting in excessive excretion of dilute urine and extreme thirst glycosuria Presence of glucose in the urine, as in cases of diabetes mellitus polydipsia Excessive thirst polyuria Elimination of large amounts of urine, as in diabetes mellitus dehydration Excessive loss of body fluids acidosis : Excessive acidity of body fluids nocturia Excessive urination at night (root: noct/o means “night”) anuresis Lack of urination Some related terms bacteriuria : Presence of bacteria in the urine hypokalaemia: Deficiency of potassium in the blood Hyponatremia: Deficiency of sodium in the blood Proteinuria: Presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine clearance The volume of plasma that the kidneys can clear of a substance per unit of time; renal plasma clearance creatinine A nitrogenous byproduct of muscle metabolism; an increase in blood creatinine is a sign of renal failure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; an increase in BUN indicates an increase in nitrogenous waste products in the blood and renal failure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) The amount of filtrate formed per minute by both kidneys  Test your knowledge The hormone erythropoietin stimulates production of The tube that carries urine out of the body is the a. leukocytes a. ureter b. saliva b. pylorus c. red blood cells c. urethra d. platelets d. peristalsis Micturition is the scientific term for Separation of substances by passage through a membrane is termed a. urination a. absorption b. digestion b. deglutition c. breathing c. centrifugation d. retention d. dialysis Write a word for the following definitions using the word parts given. ren/o - ur/o - urethr/o - glomerul/o 1. above the kidney……………………………… 2. study of the urinary tract……………………… 3. Related to urethra………………………. 4. Related to glomerulus………………………. Match the following terms with definitions 1) diabetes insipidus A. Presence of glucose in the urine 2) renal failure B. Excessive thirst 3) polydipsia C. condition caused by lack of ADH 4) glycosuria D. Excessive loss of body fluids 5) dehydration E. Loss of kidney function  Match the following terms with definitions 1) diabetes insipidus C. Condition caused by lack of ADH 2) renal failure E. Loss of kidney function 3) polydipsia B. Excessive thirst 4) glycosuria A. Presence of glucose in the urine 5) dehydration D. Excessive loss of body fluids