Medical Terms Related to the Digestive System PDF

Medical Terms Related to the Digestive System  Introduction to the Digestive System Overview of the Digestive System: Functions: Break down food, absorb nutrients, eliminate waste. Key organs: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder. Termino...

Medical Terms Related to the Digestive System  Introduction to the Digestive System Overview of the Digestive System: Functions: Break down food, absorb nutrients, eliminate waste. Key organs: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder. Terminology related to digestive system Duodenum: The first portion of the small intestine (root: duoden/o). intestine Ileum : The terminal portion of the small intestine (root: ile/o). Small Jejunum: The middle portion of the small intestine (root: jejun/o). Terminology related to digestive system Enzyme: An organic catalyst; speeds the rate of chemical reactions. Peritoneum: The large serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and supports the abdominal organs. Emesis: vomiting Combining Forms in Digestive Terminology Gastr/o: Refers to the stomach. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach. lingu/o: Refers to the tongue. or/o: Refers to the mouth Enter/o: Refers to the intestines (usually small intestine). Enteropathy: Disease of the intestine. Combining Forms in Digestive Terminology Hepat/o: Refers to the liver. Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver. Chol/e, Cholecyst/o: Refers to bile or gallbladder. Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder. Gingiv/o: gum Pancreat/o: Refers to the pancreas. Suffixes in Digestive Terminology pepsia: Refers to digestion. Dyspepsia: Indigestion or difficulty in digestion. Eupepsia: Normal digestion. -ectomy: Refers to the surgical removal of something. Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix. Colectomy: Surgical removal of part of the colon. -megaly: Refers to enlargement. Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen. Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver. Prefixes in Digestive Terminology Hyper-: Means "excessive" or "over." Hyperemesis: Excessive vomiting. Hyperacidity: Excess acid in the stomach. Hypo-: Means "below normal" or "deficient." Hypogastric: Below the stomach. Hypoacidity: Below normal stomach acid levels. Dys-: Refers to "difficult" or "painful." Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing. Dyspepsia: Difficult or painful digestion. Common Digestive Disorders Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux causing irritation of the esophagus. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Affects the large intestine, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea. Ulcerative Colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcer formation. Crohn’s Disease: Inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the digestive tract.  Common Digestive Disorders Ascites: accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity; a form of edema. Cholelithiasis: the condition of having stones in the gallbladder; also used to refer to stones in the common bile duct. Hemorrhoids: Varicose veins in the rectum associated with pain, bleeding. Hematemesis: Vomiting of blood Diagnostic Procedures in the Digestive System Endoscopy: Procedure where a camera is inserted to view the inside of the digestive tract. Colonoscopy: Examination of the colon using a scope. Barium Swallow: X-ray of the upper digestive tract after swallowing a barium solution. Medical Terminology Related to the Liver Hepat/o: Liver Hepatopathy: Disease of the liver. Hepatotoxicity: Toxicity or poisoning of the liver. Cirrhosis: Chronic liver damage leading to liver failure. Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin due to elevated bilirubin levels. Abbreviation related to digestive system Abbreviation Full Term GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease GI Gastrointestinal HAV Hepatitis A virus HBV Hepatitis B virus HCV Hepatitis C virus IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IBS Irritable bowel syndrome NG Nasogastric (tube) PPI Proton pump inhibitor TPN Total parenteral nutrition  Case study Patient Profile: Name: Ahmad Age: 51 years old Occupation: Businessman Medical History: 10-year history of heartburn, worsening over the last year. Chief Complaint: Ahmad complains of frequent epigastric pain (pain in the upper abdominal area) and heartburn that occurs after meals and at bedtime. He also reports regurgitation (feeling that food or acid is coming back up into his throat) but no signs of aspiration into the respiratory tract. Case study History of Present Illness: Ahmad has experienced heartburn for over 10 years, but it has worsened over the last year. He now experiences symptoms daily, including at night, which has disrupted his sleep and caused fatigue. He has intermittently taken over-the-counter (OTC) medications like antacids, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), with limited relief.  Case study Diagnosis: The physician diagnoses ahmad with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) based on his symptoms, including chronic heartburn and regurgitation. The physician suspects erosive esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus due to acid reflux), which will require further evaluation through esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)—a procedure that uses a scope to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Case study Clinical Course: 1.Prescription Treatment: 1. Ahmad is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to reduce stomach acid production and allow the esophagus to heal. PPIs like omeprazole are effective at treating GERD by preventing the stomach from producing too much acid. 2.Follow-up: 1. Ahmad is instructed to return to the clinic after 4 weeks of PPI therapy for a reassessment of his symptoms before his scheduled endoscopy in 7 weeks. Thank You