Vitamins and Minerals PDF

MRCA VITAMINS & MINERALS MRCA  MRCA VITAMINS HISTORY of VITAMINS Vitamins are the discovery of 20th century scientist and considered as the last type of nutrients recognized as a dietary essentials. Casimir Funk a Polish chemist found out that the disease Syndrome could be produced in in...

MRCA VITAMINS & MINERALS MRCA  MRCA VITAMINS HISTORY of VITAMINS Vitamins are the discovery of 20th century scientist and considered as the last type of nutrients recognized as a dietary essentials. Casimir Funk a Polish chemist found out that the disease Syndrome could be produced in inadequate supply of food aside from carbohydrates, protein and fat. He named the water soluble vitamin as “VITALAMINE” and later known as “VITAMINE” means an amine necessary for life. The “e” was later removed when it was recognized that vitamins need not be an amine. MRCA VITAMINS Are organic compounds which are necessary for good health and vitality. are carbon containing, organic compounds that are needed in very small amount in the diet to help promote and regulate chemical reactions and body processes in order to maintain health and sustain life. CLASSIFICATIONS OF VITAMINS A. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS  are soluble in fat and fat solvents  They are insoluble in water, they are utilized only if there are enough fat in the body.  Can be stored in the body’s fat.  They do not have to be consumed daily 1. Vitamin A [Retinol] 2. Vitamin D [Calciferol or Sunshine vitamin] 3. Vitamin E [Tocopherol or Alpha tocopherol] 4. Vitamin K [koagulation vitamin] B. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS  are soluble in water  This vitamins cannot be stored in the body because it will just excreted every time there's is an act of urination and perspiration  Should be consume daily. 1. Vitamin B1 [Thiamine] 6. Vitamin B7 [Biotin or Vitamin 2. Vitamin B2 [Riboflavin] Egg white injury factor] 3. Vitamin B3 [Niacin/Nicotinic Acid] 7. Vitamin B9 [Folic Acid] 4. Vitamin B5 [Pantothenic Acid or 8. Vitamin B12 [Cobalamin] Anti stress vitamin] 9. Vitamin B8 [Inositol] 5. Vitamin B6 [Pyridoxine] 10. Vitamin B4 [Choline] 12. Vitamin C [Ascorbic Acid] MINERALS MINERALS Are simple inorganic elements that are non- caloric and remain as ash when the food or organic compound where they are found is completely burnt. Do not supply energy but important indirectly as organic catalyst Comprises 4-6 percent of total body weight CLASSIFICATIONS of MINERALS A. MACROMINERALS or MAJOR MINERALS  Is more than 0.005% of body weight  Usually measures in grams (g) 1. Calcium (Ca) 5. Sodium (Na) 2. Phosphorous (P) 6. Chlorine (Cl) 3. Potassium (K) 7. Magnesium (Mg) 4. Sulfur (S) B. MICROMINERALS or TRACE MINERALS  Is less than 0.005% of body weight  Usually measures in milligrams (ml) 1. Iron (Fe) 6. Copper (Cu) 2. Zinc (Zn) 7. Iodine ( I ) 3. Selenium (Se) 8. Fluorine ( F ) 4. Manganese (Mn) 9. Cobalt (Co) 5. Molybdenum (Mo) 10. Chromium (Cr) SUMMARY Toxic effects of excessive intake for water-soluble vitamins are not serious compare to fat soluble vitamins. Clinical observations when mega doses of some water-soluble vitamins are quite deleterious Vitamin C = 1,000 mg or higher may cause upset stomach, diarrhea or constipation Continued use of 50 mg or more a day may damage nerve in arms, legs, hand and feet but experts say the damage is likely to be temporary or worst case is permanent. Very high doses (14 to 37 times the adequate amount) have been linked to vomiting, salivation, sweating, low blood pressure and fishy body odor.