Vitamin A.pdf

Vitamin A – retinol – pigment in retina – margarine, skimmed milk, leafy vegetables – Bitot's spots – xerophthalmia – hypercarotenemia Vitamin D – calciferol – absorbs calcium and phosphorous – normal growth, bones and teeth – tetany, rickets, osteomalacia, d...

Vitamin A – retinol – pigment in retina – margarine, skimmed milk, leafy vegetables – Bitot's spots – xerophthalmia – hypercarotenemia Vitamin D – calciferol – absorbs calcium and phosphorous – normal growth, bones and teeth – tetany, rickets, osteomalacia, delayed closure of fontanelles – renal damage, hypercalcemia, teeth malformation – fatty fishes, dairy products Vitamin E – tocopherol – antioxidant – enhances vitamin A activity – protects potency of vitamin C – tissue and skin integrity – hemolysis, ataxia, risk for bleeding tendencies, vision impairments – nuts, seeds, spinach Vitamin K – phylloquinone, menadione – blood clotting or coagulation – bone health – prevents CA buildup in artery – liver, dark green leafy vegetables – hemorrhagic disease, delayed clotting ( >8 - 15 seconds) – bleeding and bruising tendencies, weakened arterial walls – hyperbilirubinemia Vitamin C – ascorbic acid – Antioxidant – Immune system – Fe iron absorption – Broccoli, brussel sprouts, citrus, tomatoes  – Scurvy – Cholelithiosis – hematochromatosis B1 Thiamine – Appetite, muscle tone, nerve-functionings – beriberi, Wernick kosakoff syndrome – Anaphylaxis – Lean pork, pork liver, legumes B2 Riboflavin – Skin integrity, tongue, mouth, normal vision, proper growth and development – Glutathione reductase – Animal sources, cheese, milk, eggs – Ariboflavinosis (cheilosis glossitis) – Photophobia – Flavinuria (risk for kidney stone formation) Niacin – nicotinic acid – Energy metabolism – Cell health integrity – Cholesterol metabolism – Animal sources, liver – pellagra (diarrhea dermatitis, dementia) – Niacin flush, hepatotoxicity B5 Pantothenic acid – synthesis & break down of fatty acids – Cholesterol regulation – neurotransmitter synthesis – Beef and chicken liver – Burning feet syndrome – Gl issues, water retention B6 Pyroxidine – metabolism, tryptophan to niacin – Production of neurotransmitters (for mood, sleep and cognitive function) – anemia, neurological issues – ataxia, long-term neurological problems – corn oil, cottonseed, olive, peanuts B7 Biotin – coenzyme in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins – supports health of skin, hair, nails – eggs, liver, fish, pork – neurological/dermatological issues – interferes with lab results B8 Inositol – neurotransmitter regulation, blood sugar regulation – mental health support – breakdown and fat transport – citrus, oranges, cantaloupes, bananas – mood swings, fatty liver B9 Folic acid – production and repair of DNA and RNA – NTD Prevention – homocysteine – green leafy vegetables – megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects (birth defects), cognitive impairment – risk for cardiac arrest B12 Cobalamin – RBC formation – Myelin sheath synthesis – energy production – homocysteine – meat, fish, poultry – megaloblastic anemia, mouth ulcers, cognitive decline – hypersensitivity reaction Choline – acetylcholine production – breakdown and fat transport – vital for fetal brain development – sunflower seeds, legumes – fatty liver, CNS disturbances – fishy body odor, hypotension