Summary

This document provides information about various vitamins, including their roles in the body, sources, and potential deficiencies. It covers topics like Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Vitamin C, and B vitamins. The information is presented in a list format, with each vitamin followed by its functions and sources.

Full Transcript

Vitamin A – retinol – pigment in retina – margarine, skimmed milk, leafy vegetables – Bitot's spots – xerophthalmia – hypercarotenemia Vitamin D – calciferol – absorbs calcium and phosphorous – normal growth, bones and teeth – tetany, rickets, osteomalacia, d...

Vitamin A – retinol – pigment in retina – margarine, skimmed milk, leafy vegetables – Bitot's spots – xerophthalmia – hypercarotenemia Vitamin D – calciferol – absorbs calcium and phosphorous – normal growth, bones and teeth – tetany, rickets, osteomalacia, delayed closure of fontanelles – renal damage, hypercalcemia, teeth malformation – fatty fishes, dairy products Vitamin E – tocopherol – antioxidant – enhances vitamin A activity – protects potency of vitamin C – tissue and skin integrity – hemolysis, ataxia, risk for bleeding tendencies, vision impairments – nuts, seeds, spinach Vitamin K – phylloquinone, menadione – blood clotting or coagulation – bone health – prevents CA buildup in artery – liver, dark green leafy vegetables – hemorrhagic disease, delayed clotting ( >8 - 15 seconds) – bleeding and bruising tendencies, weakened arterial walls – hyperbilirubinemia Vitamin C – ascorbic acid – Antioxidant – Immune system – Fe iron absorption – Broccoli, brussel sprouts, citrus, tomatoes – Scurvy – Cholelithiosis – hematochromatosis B1 Thiamine – Appetite, muscle tone, nerve-functionings – beriberi, Wernick kosakoff syndrome – Anaphylaxis – Lean pork, pork liver, legumes B2 Riboflavin – Skin integrity, tongue, mouth, normal vision, proper growth and development – Glutathione reductase – Animal sources, cheese, milk, eggs – Ariboflavinosis (cheilosis glossitis) – Photophobia – Flavinuria (risk for kidney stone formation) Niacin – nicotinic acid – Energy metabolism – Cell health integrity – Cholesterol metabolism – Animal sources, liver – pellagra (diarrhea dermatitis, dementia) – Niacin flush, hepatotoxicity B5 Pantothenic acid – synthesis & break down of fatty acids – Cholesterol regulation – neurotransmitter synthesis – Beef and chicken liver – Burning feet syndrome – Gl issues, water retention B6 Pyroxidine – metabolism, tryptophan to niacin – Production of neurotransmitters (for mood, sleep and cognitive function) – anemia, neurological issues – ataxia, long-term neurological problems – corn oil, cottonseed, olive, peanuts B7 Biotin – coenzyme in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins – supports health of skin, hair, nails – eggs, liver, fish, pork – neurological/dermatological issues – interferes with lab results B8 Inositol – neurotransmitter regulation, blood sugar regulation – mental health support – breakdown and fat transport – citrus, oranges, cantaloupes, bananas – mood swings, fatty liver B9 Folic acid – production and repair of DNA and RNA – NTD Prevention – homocysteine – green leafy vegetables – megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects (birth defects), cognitive impairment – risk for cardiac arrest B12 Cobalamin – RBC formation – Myelin sheath synthesis – energy production – homocysteine – meat, fish, poultry – megaloblastic anemia, mouth ulcers, cognitive decline – hypersensitivity reaction Choline – acetylcholine production – breakdown and fat transport – vital for fetal brain development – sunflower seeds, legumes – fatty liver, CNS disturbances – fishy body odor, hypotension

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