Understanding The Self PDF

# Understanding The Self ## Module 1 ### A. The Self on the Different Perspectives #### What is Self? * Social Environmental and other Life Factors. * The idea of a unified being which is the source of consciousness. #### Common Issue or Arguments about the Self * **Nature vs Nurture**...

# Understanding The Self ## Module 1 ### A. The Self on the Different Perspectives #### What is Self? * Social Environmental and other Life Factors. * The idea of a unified being which is the source of consciousness. #### Common Issue or Arguments about the Self * **Nature vs Nurture** * **Nature** refers to the things we inherit from our parents, like our genes. * **Nurture** is about the environment we grow up in, like our family, culture, education, and experiences. * **Identity vs Self** * **Identity** is how you present yourself to the outside world and how others see you. * **Human act vs Act of human** * **Human act** an act in some way under the control or direction of the will, which is proper to man. * **Act of human** are involuntary and therefore, not morally responsible for them. #### Dimensionalities of the Self/Identity * **Social Factor:** refers to how our relationships and interactions with other people shape who we are. * **Environmental Factor:** refers to the environment you live in, including where you were raised, your community, and the culture around you. * **Hereditary Factor:** refers to the traits you inherit from your parents through genes, like physical appearance or certain talents. * **Person-Volition Factor:** This is about personal choice and free will. * **Personality:** it is the unique combination of behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that make you different from others. ## B. The Philosophical Perspective of the Self #### What is Philosophy? * **Etymology:** comes from the Greek words philo meaning "love" and sophos meaning "wisdom." * **Definition:** the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. ### Some Philosophers' view on Self * **Socrates:** "Know thyself", "An unexamined life is not worth living" * **Plato:** "The human soul is the only thing that is unchanging and eternal" * **Plato's Tripartite Soul:** * **Logical:** Body Part: Head * **Spirit:** Body Part: Heart * **Appetite:** Body Part: Stomach & Genitalia * **Aristotle:** "Self is composite of body and soul, with the soul being the form or structure of the human body." * **St. Augustine:** "Self is characterized by the inner self, which is known through the capacity for thought and possession of an intellect." * **Rene Descartes:** "Self came from the mind. Our mind held the essential components of who we are." * **David Hume:** "The self is that to which our several impressions and ideas are supposed to have a reference." * **Immanuel Kant:** "We all have an inner and an outer self which together form our consciousness" * **Gilbert Ryle:** "He believes that self comes from behavior." * **Maurice Merleau-Ponty:** "He believed the physical body to be an important part of what makes up the subjective self." #### References: * Alata E. J., Cabrera R., & Pawilen R. (2021). A Course Module for Understanding the Self. Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc. * Cayanan, J. V., Pinugu, J. N. J., & Castillo, J. C. D. (2019). Understanding the Self: Outcome-based Module. Quezon City, Philippines: C&E Publishing, Inc. * Britannica.com * Merlinccc.org ## Module 2 ### The Self, Culture, and Society #### Society * A group of people sharing the same culture (way of life) and typically interacts in definite territory. #### Culture * "the way of life for an entire society." As such, it includes codes of manners, dress, language, religion, rituals, art. #### Norms * Rules on what to do or what not to do in a certain situation. #### Values * Ideal behavior or principles that set the standard of what is acceptable and admirable from a person as a part of society. #### Enculturation * Acquiring a particular culture as a product of socialization. #### Theoretical Approaches on Culture and the Self: * **Symbolic Interactionism:** this assumes that people respond to elements of their environments according to the subjective meanings they attach to those elements. - **George Herbert Mead** * **Culture & Personality:** individual personality traits are heavily influenced by cultural factors, rather than being innate or biologically predetermined. - **Ruth Benedict** * **Symbolic & Interpretative Anthropology:** He argued that culture is a system of symbols and meanings that people use to make sense of their world and their experiences. - **Clifford James Geertz** ## Social Institutions * **Family/Kinship:** * Marriage * Family * **Economic/Market** * **Politics/Government:** The 3 Branches of Government * Legislative * Executive * Judicial * **Education/School** * **Religion/Church** * **Other Social Institution** #### References: * https://www.scribd.com/presentation/413690706/Understanding-the-Self-Ppt-Presentation-2018a-Chapter-2 * https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter3-culture/ ## Module 3 ### The Physical Self #### Physical Self * refers to the body, which is the concrete dimension that can be directly observed. * It is the window to one's personality. #### Heredity * is a biological process through which certain traits and characteristics are passed from generation to another. #### DNA * Deoxyribonucleic Acid is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism. #### Scheme of Self Image Hierarchy by Shavelson * **Total Self** * **Academic Self** * **Social Self** * **Emotional Self** * **Physical Self** #### The Scheme of Physical Self Perception Structure (Fox 2000) * **Total Self** * **Physical Self-Esteem** * **Sport competence:** how confident and capable you feel when participating in sports or physical activities. * **Attractive Body**: is how you view your body in terms of attractiveness and appearance. * **Physical Strength**: refers to how strong you believe you are or how much physical power you think you possess. * **Physical Condition**: relates to your overall fitness level and physical health, including endurance and stamina. #### Physical Self-care * Eat a healthy meal * Engage in exercise * Proper Hygiene * Practice good sleep hygiene * Be confident #### Psychoanalysis * It is composed of dynamic system that receive and respond to various external and internal stimuli. #### References: * Understanding the Self by Jonathan V. Macayan, Jasmine Nadja Junghan-Pinugu and John Christopher D. Castillo * A Course Module for Understanding the Self by Eden Joy Alata, Roseanne Cabrera and R.A. Pawilen * Self Care: What It Really Is | Susannah Winters | TEDxHiltonHead Women * Secrets of the X chromosome - Robin Ball * Doll test - The effects of racism on children (ENG) # Thank You!