Weekly Learning Plan - Eastern and Western Thoughts PDF

Daily Learning Plan WEEK 5 – SEPT 30 – OCTOBER 05 (PRELIM EXAM) WEEK 6 – OCTOBER 07 – 12, 2025 TOPIC: The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought The Physical Self Material...

Daily Learning Plan WEEK 5 – SEPT 30 – OCTOBER 05 (PRELIM EXAM) WEEK 6 – OCTOBER 07 – 12, 2025 TOPIC: The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought The Physical Self Material Self/Material Self Sexual Self Discussion Questions: 1. How do you define success in your life? (Individualistic vs. Collective) 2. Can you share an experience where you prioritized personal goals over group needs, or vice versa? 3. In what ways do cultural influences shape your understanding of self? The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Understanding the self has been a central theme in both Western and Eastern thought, and these traditions often present contrasting views, particularly around individualism versus collectivism, the social construction of identity, and relational or spiritual dimensions of selfhood. a. 1 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan Individualistic vs. Collective Self CUTURAL FRAMEWORK: WESTERN THOUGHTS EASTERN THOUGHTS 1. Individualism and Self-Reliance. The self 1. Collectivism and Interdependence. The self is often viewed as an independent, as fundamentally interconnected with others. autonomous entity. This perspective Values harmony, social roles, and the encourages personal expression and values responsibilities individuals have towards their individual achievements, often leading to a communities. competitive societal structure. 2. Emphasis on group harmony. Encouraging 2. Emphasis on personal achievement. This individuals to prioritize the needs of the can be seen in the emphasis on careers, collective over their own. This can be seen in education, and personal growth. the emphasis on family ties, social obligations, and conformity to traditional values. 3. Focus on autonomy. Make their own 3. Focus on interconnectedness. View the self choices and decisions. on personal freedom, as deeply interconnected with others, self-expression, and the pursuit of individual emphasizing the importance of social happiness. relationships and interdependence. 4. Socialization through tradition and 4. Socialization through institutions. Rely on community. Occurs primarily through family, formal institutions like schools, universities, community, and religious traditions. This can and workplaces to socialize. can lead to a lead to a sense of identity rooted in ancestral sense of identity tied to professional heritage, cultural practices, and shared values. achievements and social status. a. 2 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan MODELS OF APPROACHES: DIMENSIONS WESTERN THOUGHTS EASTERN THOUGHTS Frame of Reference Separation between Religion and philosophy philosophy and are intertwined religion/spirituality Examples of School Scholasticism Hinduism of Thoughts/Belief Relationalism Buddhism Empiricism Confucianism Phenomenology Taoism Notable Philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Confucius, Rene Descartes, John Lao Tzu Locke.. Siddharta Gautama Source of Knowledge Use of reasons rather Trusted intuition and is than faith to pursue often associated with wisdom religious beliefs. Emphasis Distinctions and Commonalities and oppositions harmonies View of Self Egocentric/Individualistic Sociocentric/Collectivist Theological View Monotheistic Polytheistic Ideal Self-actualization through Balance life and role in personal growth society. HINDUISM: India: The birthplace of Hinduism, India has the largest Hindu population in the world, with around 80% of its population identifying as Hindu. (NEPAL, BANGLADESH, INDONESIA, PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA…) Law of “KARMA” is the most important doctrine of Hinduism. All actions are subject to karma. The relationship between Brahman and Atman is central to Hindu philosophy and offers deep insights into understanding the self. Here are some key concepts to consider: 1. Brahman: Brahman is the ultimate, unchanging reality that underlies and transcends the universe. It is often described as infinite, formless, and the source of all existence. Brahman is beyond human comprehension and is seen as the essence of everything. – KNOWLEDGE OF TRUE REALITY. 2. Atman: Atman refers to the individual self or soul (immortal). It is the true essence of a person, distinct from the physical body and mind. While it appears as individual and separate, Atman is fundamentally connected to Brahman. – CONTINUES TO BE REINCARNATED FROM LIFETIME TO LIFETIME UNTILL THE CYCLE OF REBIRTH AND REACH THE STATE OF NIRVANA OR NON-BIRTH. a. 3 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan 3. Self-Realization: The journey toward understanding the self involves recognizing one’s Atman and its connection to Brahman. Spiritual practices like meditation, self-inquiry, and ethical living facilitate this realization, leading to liberation (Moksha). – INDIVIDUAL ACTIONS WILL LEAD TO EITHER A GOOD OR BAD OUTCOMES IN LIFE. 4. Nature of Reality: Understanding Atman and Brahman challenges conventional notions of self and reality. It invites individuals to see beyond the ego and personal identity, fostering a deeper connection to all beings and the universe. In summary, the interplay between Brahman and Atman provides a profound framework for understanding the self. It encourages a shift from identification with the transient aspects of existence to a deeper awareness of the eternal, interconnected nature of reality. This journey can lead to spiritual awakening and a sense of peace and unity with all that is. BUDDHISM: “BUDH” which means AWAKE. Buddhism is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama—also known as “the Buddha”— more than 2,500 years ago in India. (BHUTAN, MYANMAR, CAMBODIA, MONGOLIA, LAOS) Buddhism offers a unique perspective on understanding the self, emphasizing the concepts of impermanence, non-self, and interdependence. Here are some key points: 1. Anatta (Non-Self): A central teaching in Buddhism is "anatta," or non-self. This concept asserts that there is no permanent, unchanging self or soul. Instead, what we consider "self" is a collection of constantly changing physical and mental components (skandhas). – THERE IS NO SOUL. THERE IS NOTHING AND ALL ELSE IS AN ILLUSION” 2. Impermanence (Anicca): Buddhism teaches that all phenomena are impermanent. Understanding that everything, including our thoughts and emotions, is transient helps to diminish attachment and the illusion of a fixed self. – LIFE IS ALWAYS CHAMGING, NOTHING LASTS FOREVER. “WALANG FOREVER”. 3. Mindfulness and Awareness: Mindfulness practices in Buddhism help cultivate awareness of thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. This practice allows individuals to observe the self without attachment, fostering a deeper understanding of the nature of identity. – 5 SENSES AS THE MENTAL CONSTRUCT/CONSCIOUSNESS, HOWEVER, IS NOT A MAN. a. 4 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan 4. Meditation: Meditation is a vital practice in Buddhism that aids in the exploration of the self. It encourages introspection, helping practitioners witness the impermanent and interconnected nature of their thoughts and experiences. – TO EXPERIENCE NIRVANA (IN FILIPINO CONTEXT, TO ATTAIN PEACE/HEAVEN) 5. Nirvana: The ultimate goal in Buddhism is to attain Nirvana, a state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara). This state is realized through the understanding of non-self and the cessation of craving and attachment. – IDEAL TO EXPERIENCE NIRVANA – A STATE OF TRANSCENDENCE DEVOID SELF-REFERENCE. In summary, Buddhism invites individuals to explore the nature of the self through the lenses of impermanence, non-self, and interdependence. By embracing these teachings, one can cultivate a more profound understanding of existence, leading to reduced suffering and greater compassion for others. CONFUCIANISM: The golden rule of Confucianism is “do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you.” The principle of reciprocity. Confucianism is a philosophy and belief system from ancient China that laid the foundation for much of Chinese culture. Confucius was a philosopher and teacher who lived from 551 to 479 B.C.E. Confucianism offers a distinctive perspective on understanding the self, emphasizing moral development, social relationships, and the importance of community. Here are some key concepts: 1. Ren (Humaneness): At the heart of Confucian thought is the concept of "ren," often translated as humaneness or benevolence. It refers to an individual's capacity for compassion and empathy towards others, highlighting the importance of ethical relationships in understanding the self. 2. Li (Ritual and Proper Conduct): "Li" encompasses the rituals, manners, and norms that govern social behavior. Adhering to these practices helps individuals cultivate self-discipline and understand their roles within society, reinforcing the idea that the self is defined in relation to others. 3. Filial Piety (Xiao): Filial piety is a key virtue in Confucianism, emphasizing respect and duty towards one's parents and ancestors. This concept encourages individuals to understand their identity through family and lineage, fostering a sense of belonging and continuity. a. 5 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan 4. Interdependence: Confucianism emphasizes the interdependence of individuals within a community. Understanding oneself involves recognizing one’s role and responsibilities within the larger social framework, fostering a sense of duty and connection to others. – SELF CULTIVATION – ACCOMPLISH ONE’S ROLE IN SOCIETY AND ACT ACCORDINGLY. 5. Moral Self-Cultivation: The process of self-cultivation is crucial in Confucianism. It involves continuous reflection, ethical practice, and striving for moral excellence, which leads to a more profound understanding of oneself in relation to society. – GREATEST MISSION IS TO ATTAIN SELF-REALIZATION. In summary, Confucianism presents the self as inherently relational, emphasizing the importance of moral virtues, social responsibilities, and education in achieving self- understanding. By cultivating humaneness and adhering to ethical principles, individuals can develop a deeper awareness of themselves and their place within the community. TAOISM: Taoism or Daoism is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao—generally understood as an impersonal, enigmatic process of transformation ultimately underlying reality. The concept originates in the Chinese word Taoism offers a unique perspective on understanding the self, focusing on harmony, naturalness, and the flow of life. Here are some key concepts: 1. Tao (The Way): Central to Taoism is the concept of the "Tao," which refers to the fundamental principle that underlies and unites all things. Understanding the self involves recognizing one’s alignment with the Tao and the natural flow of the universe. – SELF IS THE EXTENTION OF THE COSMOS NOT OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP. 2. Wu Wei (Effortless Action): Wu wei, or "non-action," emphasizes acting in harmony with the natural flow rather than forcing things. This principle encourages individuals to let go of excessive striving and to respond spontaneously to situations, leading to a more authentic expression of the self. – SELF IS REGARDED AS NATURE, THE FOUNDATION OF ALL THINGS. 3. Interconnectedness: Taoism teaches that all beings and phenomena are interconnected. Understanding the self requires recognizing this interdependence and realizing that personal identity is shaped by relationships with the world and others. – BOUND BY TIME AND SPACE. 4. Meditation and Contemplation: Practices such as meditation are integral to Taoism. These practices help cultivate inner stillness, allowing individuals to connect with their deeper selves and gain insights into their nature and purpose. a. 6 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan 5. Balance (Yin and Yang): The concepts of yin and yang represent the dualities and complementary forces in nature. Understanding the self involves recognizing and harmonizing these opposing aspects within oneself, fostering a sense of balance and wholeness. – PERFECT MAN HAS NO SELF. SELFLESS PERSON LEADS TO A BALANCE LIFE IN HARMONY AND NATURE. YIN AND YANG: Unity and Harmony. YIN (BLACK SIDE) – Inward energy, feminine, dark and negative. YANG (WHITE SIDE) – Outward energy, masculine, bright and positive. In summary, Taoism offers a path to understanding the self through concepts of naturalness, effortless action, and interconnectedness. By aligning with the Tao and embracing one’s true nature, individuals can cultivate a deeper awareness of themselves and find harmony within themselves and the world around them. COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW: Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, and Taoism are distinct spiritual traditions with unique beliefs and practices. However, they also share some common themes. Similarities: 1. Focus on Ethical Living: All four traditions emphasize ethical behavior and moral conduct as essential to personal development and societal harmony. 2. Interconnectedness: Each philosophy recognizes the interconnectedness of individuals and their relationships with others and the universe, promoting compassion and harmony. 3. Spiritual Development: They encourage personal growth and self-cultivation, with various practices aimed at achieving inner peace, understanding, or enlightenment. 4. Philosophical Inquiry: Each tradition invites reflection on the nature of existence, the self, and the universe, leading to deeper insights into life and purpose. Differences: 1. Understanding of Self  Hinduism: Teaches that the self (Atman) is eternal and ultimately identical with Brahman.  Buddhism: Emphasizes "anatta," or non-self, suggesting that the self is an illusion, and attachment to it leads to suffering.  Confucianism: Views the self as relational, defined by one's roles and responsibilities within family and society. a. 7 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan  Taoism: Sees the self as part of the natural flow of the universe, encouraging alignment with the Tao. 2. Ultimate Goal  Hinduism: The ultimate goal is Moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara), achieved through self-realization and union with Brahman.  Buddhism: Aims for Nirvana, a state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, achieved through the cessation of desire and ignorance.  Confucianism: Seeks the cultivation of moral virtues and the establishment of a harmonious society, emphasizing personal and social responsibility.  Taoism: Strives for harmony with the Tao, often expressed through naturalness, simplicity, and spontaneity in living. Conclusion In summary, the understanding of the self varies significantly between Western and Eastern thought. Western individualism celebrates autonomy and personal achievement, while Eastern collectivism highlights the importance of relationships and communal harmony. The Western perspective often views the self as a social construct, whereas Confucian thought presents the self as inherently relational and spiritually oriented. These differences reflect deeper philosophical foundations and cultural values that shape how individuals perceive their identities and roles in the world. a. 8 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought  Daily Learning Plan ACTIVITIES: Personal Reflection Exercise (15 minutes)  Ask participants to take a few minutes to reflect individually and write down their thoughts on the following prompts: o Describe a time when you felt your individuality was celebrated. How did it make you feel? o Describe a time when you felt a strong sense of belonging to a group or community. What impact did that have on your identity? The Scenario: Present a scenario where a group of friends are planning a weekend trip. You can adjust the scenario to suit your preferences, but ensure it involves a decision that needs to be made by the group. o Example Scenario: Five friends are planning a weekend trip. They have two options: a relaxing beach trip or an adventurous hiking trip. The group needs to decide on a destination that everyone is happy with. a. 9 | P a g e M I D T E R M C O V E R A G E : The Self in Western and Oriental/Eastern Thought Individualistic vs. Collective Self The Social Construction of the Self in Western Thought