Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the concept of 'nature' refer to in the nature vs nurture debate?
What does the concept of 'nature' refer to in the nature vs nurture debate?
Which statement best describes the difference between identity and self?
Which statement best describes the difference between identity and self?
What does the person-volition factor emphasize in understanding self?
What does the person-volition factor emphasize in understanding self?
How did Plato conceptualize the human soul in his philosophical views?
How did Plato conceptualize the human soul in his philosophical views?
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What does Aristotle's definition of self entail?
What does Aristotle's definition of self entail?
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According to St. Augustine, what characterizes the self?
According to St. Augustine, what characterizes the self?
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Which of the following best captures Socrates' view on knowing the self?
Which of the following best captures Socrates' view on knowing the self?
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Which aspect does the hereditary factor refer to in shaping the self?
Which aspect does the hereditary factor refer to in shaping the self?
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What aspect of the self did Immanuel Kant emphasize?
What aspect of the self did Immanuel Kant emphasize?
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What does enculturation refer to in the context of culture and society?
What does enculturation refer to in the context of culture and society?
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Which theoretical approach suggests that culture significantly influences individual personality traits?
Which theoretical approach suggests that culture significantly influences individual personality traits?
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What did Gilbert Ryle argue about the self?
What did Gilbert Ryle argue about the self?
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Which of the following best describes norms within a society?
Which of the following best describes norms within a society?
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According to George Herbert Mead's perspective, what do symbolic interactionists focus on?
According to George Herbert Mead's perspective, what do symbolic interactionists focus on?
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What did Maurice Merleau-Ponty identify as an important aspect of the subjective self?
What did Maurice Merleau-Ponty identify as an important aspect of the subjective self?
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How is culture defined in the context of society?
How is culture defined in the context of society?
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Which component is NOT part of the Scheme of Self Image Hierarchy by Shavelson?
Which component is NOT part of the Scheme of Self Image Hierarchy by Shavelson?
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What does the term 'physical self' refer to?
What does the term 'physical self' refer to?
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Which of the following is a factor related to physical self-esteem?
Which of the following is a factor related to physical self-esteem?
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Which of the following is included in the practices of physical self-care?
Which of the following is included in the practices of physical self-care?
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Which branch of social institutions is responsible for creating laws?
Which branch of social institutions is responsible for creating laws?
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DNA is primarily responsible for which of the following?
DNA is primarily responsible for which of the following?
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Which of the following best describes heredity?
Which of the following best describes heredity?
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What aspect does 'physical condition' encompass in the context of the physical self?
What aspect does 'physical condition' encompass in the context of the physical self?
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Study Notes
The Self: Different Perspectives
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Nature vs. Nurture: Explores how genetics (nature) and environment (nurture) influence who we are.
- Nature: Inherited traits from parents, like genes.
- Nurture: Environmental factors like family, culture, and experiences.
- Identity vs. Self: Distinguishes between the public image (identity) and inner being (self).
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Human Act vs. Act of Human:
- Human act: Voluntary actions under conscious control, morally accountable.
- Act of human: Involuntary, not morally responsible.
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Dimensionalities of the Self/Identity: Factors shaping our self-concept.
- Social Factor: How relationships and interactions with others influence us.
- Environmental Factor: Impact of surroundings, like upbringing, community, and culture.
- Hereditary Factor: Inherited traits from parents through genes.
- Person-Volition Factor: Role of personal choices and free will.
- Personality: Unique combination of behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that make us different.
Philosophical Perspectives on the Self
- Socrates: "Know thyself" and "An unexamined life is not worth living," emphasizing self-reflection.
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Plato: Believed the soul is eternal and unchanging.
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Tripartite Soul:
- Logical (head): Reason and intellect.
- Spirit (heart): Emotions, courage, and will.
- Appetite (stomach & genitalia): Basic desires and bodily needs.
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Tripartite Soul:
- Aristotle: Combined body and soul, viewing the soul as the form of the human body.
- St. Augustine: Emphasized the inner self, known through the faculty of thought and intellect.
- Rene Descartes: Focused on the mind as the source of self.
- David Hume: Argued that the self is a collection of impressions and ideas.
- Immanuel Kant: Proposed an inner and an outer self, which together form consciousness.
- Gilbert Ryle: Believed self emerges from behavior.
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty: Underscored the importance of the physical body in shaping the self.
The Self, Culture, and Society
- Society: Group of people sharing a common culture and typically living in a defined area.
- Culture: Way of life for an entire society, encompassing customs, language, religion, art, and more.
- Norms: Rules guiding behavior in specific situations.
- Values: Ideal principles defining acceptable and admirable conduct in society.
- Enculturation: Process of learning and acquiring a particular culture.
Theoretical Approaches to Culture and the Self
- Symbolic Interactionism (George Herbert Mead): Individuals respond to elements of their environment based on their personal interpretations.
- Culture & Personality (Ruth Benedict): Cultural factors significantly influence personality traits.
- Symbolic & Interpretative Anthropology (Clifford James Geertz): Culture is a system of symbols and meanings that help individuals understand their experiences.
Social Institutions
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Family/Kinship:
- Marriage: Union between individuals.
- Family: Primary social unit consisting of parents and children.
- Economic/Market: System for production, distribution, and consumption of goods.
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Politics/Government:
- Legislative: Makes laws.
- Executive: Enforces laws.
- Judicial: Interprets laws.
- Education/School: Institution for teaching and learning.
- Religion/Church: System of beliefs and practices relating to the supernatural.
- Other Social Institutions: Organizations that address various societal needs.
The Physical Self
- Physical Self: Body as a concrete dimension, reflecting a person's personality.
- Heredity: Biological transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Molecule carrying genetic information.
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Scheme of Self Image Hierarchy (Shavelson):
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Total Self: Encompasses all aspects of self.
- Academic Self: Self-perception related to academic performance.
- Social Self: Self-perception related to social interactions.
- Emotional Self: Self-perception related to emotions.
- Physical Self: Self-perception related to physical attributes.
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Total Self: Encompasses all aspects of self.
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Scheme of Physical Self Perception Structure (Fox 2000):
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Total Self: Encompasses all aspects of self.
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Physical Self-Esteem: Confidence in physical abilities and appearance.
- Sport competence: Confidence in physical activities.
- Attractive Body: Perception of one's own appearance.
- Physical Strength: Belief in physical power.
- Physical Condition: Perception of overall fitness and health.
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Physical Self-Esteem: Confidence in physical abilities and appearance.
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Total Self: Encompasses all aspects of self.
Physical Self-Care
- Eating a healthy meal: Provides energy and nutrients for well-being.
- Engaging in exercise: Enhances physical health and fitness.
- Proper Hygiene: Maintaining cleanliness for health and well-being.
- Practicing good sleep hygiene: Ensuring adequate sleep for restoration and optimal functioning.
- Being confident: Positive self-image and belief in oneself.
Psychoanalysis
- Dynamic system: A complex interplay of internal and external factors influencing behavior.
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Description
This quiz dives deep into the multifaceted concept of the self, exploring topics such as nature versus nurture, identity versus self, and the nuances of human actions. Delve into the various dimensionalities that shape our self-concept, including social, environmental, hereditary, and personal factors. A must for anyone interested in psychology and identity formation.
