Anatomy PDF

Type of question Question Answer FeedbackContent A midsagittal What is the section divides primary purpose the body into of a midsagittal equal left and section? right halves. A frontal section divides the body What type of cut into anterior and is a frontal posterior section? portions. A transverse...

Type of question Question Answer FeedbackContent A midsagittal What is the section divides primary purpose the body into of a midsagittal equal left and section? right halves. A frontal section divides the body What type of cut into anterior and is a frontal posterior section? portions. A transverse What does a section divides transverse the body into section divide thesuperior and body into? inferior portions. is a vertical cut that divides the What is a body into equal midsagittal left and right section? halves. What is a divides the body parasagittal into unequal left section? and right portions divides the body into left and right portions, not What is a sagittal necessarily section? equal. What is an example of a structure that is The ribcage is superficial to the superficial to the heart? heart. Which organ is The brain is considered deep considered deep to the skull? to the skull. The term "deep" refers to What does the structures that term 'deep' refer are located away to in anatomical from the surface terms? of the body. Which term The term "deep" describes describes structures that structures that are internal to theare internal to the body? body. The term "superficial" What does the refers to term 'superficial' structures closer refer to in to the surface of anatomy? the body. Which term describes the The back legs position of the are posterior back legs relativerelative to the to the front legs? front legs. In human 'Cranial' refers to anatomy, what being closer to does 'cranial' the head or skull mean? in humans. 'Caudal' refers to In human being closer to anatomy, what the tail or lower does 'caudal' part of the body mean? in humans. Which term describes the position of the The neck is neck relative to superior relative the shoulders? to the shoulders. Where are the sides of the head The sides of the located in relationhead are lateral to the eyes? to the eyes. The outer surface of the arm, away Which surface of from the body's the arm is midline, is considered considered lateral? lateral. What does the Lateral' refers to term 'lateral' structures that mean in are farther from anatomical the midline of the terms? body. 'Medial' refers to What does the structures that term 'medial' are closer to the refer to in midline of the anatomy? body The inner surface of the arm, closer Which surface of to the body's the arm is midline, is considered considered medial? medial. What is an example of a structure that is The forearm is proximal to the proximal to the hand? hand. If the hand is distal to the upper arm, what The hand is can be said farther from the about the body's trunk than relationship? the upper arm. In anatomical terms, what is the opposite of The opposite of proximal? proximal is distal. Which part of the body is The fingers are considered distal distal to the to the hand? hand.enGB What is the meaning of 'Distal' refers to 'distal' in being farther anatomical from the point of terms? attachment refers to being What does closer to the 'proximal' refer to point of in anatomy? attachment What does the refers to term 'posterior' structures toward mean in human the back of the anatomy? body. Which body part The back is is considered considered posterior? posterior. Which membrane The pericardium covers the heart?covers the heart. What does the 'Anterior' refers to term 'anterior' structures toward refer to in human the front of the anatomy? body What are the two major internal The dorsal and cavities of the ventral body human body? cavities. What does the dorsal body The brain and cavity contain? spinal cord. What is contained within The thoracic and the ventral body abdominopelvic cavity? cavities To protect What is the internal organs primary function and allow them to of the body move, expand, cavities? and contract. Which body cavity contains The cranial the brain? cavity. What is the spinal canal The vertebrae of formed by? the spine. What do the pleural cavities contain? The lungs. What is located between the pleural cavities? The mediastinum What is the superior portion of the ventral The thoracic body cavity? cavity. What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? The diaphragm What is the portion of the ventral body cavity that is inferior to the The diaphragm abdominopelvic called? cavi ty. Which cavity contains the The pericardial heart? cavity What is the most inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity? The pelvic cavity What is the primary function of the serous To reduce friction fluid in the ventralbetween organs body cavity? as they move What are the two layers of aThe visceral serous layer and the membrane? parietal layer. What does the visceral layer of the serous It covers the membrane organs (viscera) cover? within the cavity. Which cavities The pleural, are lined by the pericardial, and serous peritoneal membrane? cavities. What is the nature of the serous membrane in the ventral body is smooth and cavity? slippery, A transverse What is the section divides significance of a the body into transverse superior (upper) section in and inferior anatomy? (lower) portions. MCQ What pH indicates a neutral solution? 4 pH 10 pH 3 pH 5 pH 7 MCQ What pH indicates an acidic solution? 2 Exactly 7 Less than 7 pH 14 Greater than 7 MCQ What pH indicates a basic (alkaline) solution? 2 pH 5 Greater than 7 pH 0 pH 6 MCQ What is an acid? 3 A substance A substance that accepts A substance A substance that releases that releases H+ ions in OH- ions in water water that has a pH ofprotons (H+) 7 in water MCQ What is a base? 4 A substance A substanceA substance A substance that releases that has a pH that is always that accepts H+ ions of 7 solid protons (H+) MCQ What role do buffers play in the body? 3 They They have no They increaseThey resist decrease the effect on pH the acidity of levels the blood large changesalkalinity of in pH the blood MCQ What is an example of an acid-base color indicator? 4 PhenolphthaleinLitmus blue Bromothymol blue Neutral red MCQ What color does Neutral red turn in a neutral solution? 2 Yellow Red Blue Green MCQ What color does Neutral red change to in an acidic solution? 3 Yellow-orange Green Magenta or reddish purple Blue MCQ What color indicates a positive result in the Biuret test? 1 Purple Blue Green Yellow MCQ What are the three components of a nucleotide? 4 Fatty acid, nitrogenous base, sugar Carbohydrate,Amino acid, protein, sugar, phosphate phosphate group group Nitrogenous base, sugar, phosphate group MCQ What is the role of RNA in relation to genes? 3 To transport oxygen To relay instructions To replicate for protein DNA synthesis To store genetic information MCQ What is chromatin composed of? 1 DNA, proteins, Only DNA Only proteins DNA and and some RNA and RNA and lipidscarbohydrates MCQ Where are genes located? 2 Along the In the On the plasma length of a cytoplasm of In the membrane chromosome the cell mitochondria MCQ What happens to DNA in a dividing cell? 2 It remains in a linear form It becomes highly folded and condensed It breaks down into nucleotides It is replicated into RNA MCQ What type of nucleic acid is responsible for encoding traits? 1 DNA Proteins RNA Chromatin MCQ What are the small structures within a cell that perform specific functions called? 3 Systems Cells Organelles Tissues MCQ What forms the limiting boundary of the cell? 4 Nuclear membrane Ribosome Cytoplasm Plasma membrane MCQ What is the mass of fluid that surrounds the nucleus called? 2 Organelles Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell membrane MCQ What encloses the nucleus in a cell? 3 Cytoplasm Cell wall Nuclear membrane Plasma membrane Which of the following is NOT a function of MCQ organelles? 1 MCQ What is the role of the cell membrane? 4 MCQ What cellular structure is responsible for producing steroid hormones in the testes and ovaries? 4 MCQ Which organelle is associated with high metabolic activity in muscle cells? 3 MCQ What type of cell synthesizes and secretes proteinbased hormones? 3 MCQ Which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids? 3 MCQ What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus? 2 MCQ Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? 3 MCQ What type of hormone do endocrine cells primarily produce? 1 MCQ Which structure is involved in the synthesis of proteins? 1 MCQ What is the role of lysosomes in a cell? 1 MCQ Which cell type is primarily responsible for hormone secretion? 1 What color does iodine turn when A blue-black it detects starch? color. What happens if iodine does not It remains a clear detect starch in a to yellowish solution? color. What reagent is used to detect monosaccharidesBenedict's like glucose? solution. What is the initial color of Benedict's solution, and what color does It starts blue and it turn if turns orange if monosaccharides monosaccharides are present after like glucose are heating? present. They do not perform specificThey help in cellular functionsprotein synthesis Produces energy Synthesizes proteins Mitochondria Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centriole Lysosome Nerve cell Muscle cell Mitochondria Nucleus Modifying and packaging Producing ATP proteins Centriole Lysosome Protein-based Carbohydrate hormones hormones Rough Smooth endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum reticulum Digesting wasteStoring materials energy Endocrine cell Nerve cell They are involved in cellular respiration They assist in energy production Stores genetic information Separates the cell’s internal environment from the external environment Golgi apparatus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Mitochondrionapparatus Endocrine cellEpithelial cell Smooth Rough endoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum reticulum Storing Synthesizing genetic lipids information Golgi Mitochondrionapparatus Steroid Nucleotide hormones hormones Centriole Mitochondria Synthesizing Producing proteins hormones Muscle cell Epithelial cell What happens to Benedict's solution when it is added to a It remains blue, solution indicating no containing water monosaccharides or starch and like glucose are then heated? present. How does It forms an Benedict's orange solution indicate precipitate, the presence of showing the glucose after presence of heating? glucose. What rule is important for determining the solubility of The rule "like lipids? dissolves like." What type of solvent is used to dissolve non- Non-polar polar substances solvents, such as like oil? ethanol. It forms a twophase solution What happens because water is when oil is mixed polar, and oil is with water? non-polar. What reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins? Biuret reagent. What color change occurs if Biuret reagent detects a protein? It turns purple. What happens when Biuret reagent is added It remains clear to solutions or has a bluish without protein, hue, indicating no such as water or protein is glucose? present. What does the It breaks down protease in meat proteins, such as tenderizer do histones, during DNA allowing the DNA extraction? to be separated. What is the It dissolves function of dish phospholipids in soap in the cell and nuclear nucleic acid membranes, extraction allowing access exercise? to DNA. What reagent is used to test for the presence of polysaccharides like starch? Iodine What is the role of ethanol in the It causes DNA to nucleic acid precipitate out extraction into visible process? strands. What does a pH It indicates that of 7 indicate the solution is about a solution neutral. How do solutions Solutions with a with a pH lesspH less than 7 than 7 compareare acidic, while to those with a solutions with a pH greater than pH greater than 7 7? are basic. What color does It remains red, neutral red turn indicating water in water? is neutral. What color does neutral red turn in baking soda It turns yellow, and potassium indicating that hydroxide these are basic solutions? solutions. What color does It turns purpleneutral red turn magenta, in vinegar and indicating that sulfuric acid these are acidic solutions? solutions. What happens The Tums when Tums is neutralize the added to acid, increasing hydrochloric acid the pH toward in the neutral (around 6 experiment? or 7). What is the visual How do Alka- Alka-Seltzer Seltzer tablets neutralizes the compare to Tumshydrochloric acid in neutralizing more effectively, hydrochloric bringing the pH acid? closer to 7. What pH change The pH changes occurs in from a highly hydrochloric acid acidic 1 to a more after neutralizing neutral value it with Tums? between 6 and 7 outcome of the nucleic acid extraction from the pea mixture White strands of DNA are visible after adding ethanol. In the pH applications Hydrochloric acid exercise, which (HCl), which has acid is tested to a pH of 1 and is simulate stomachfound in the acid? stomach. The cell What are the two membrane has a main protein components of component and a the cell phospholipid membrane? component. The cell membrane functions as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some substances What is the to cross while function of the preventing cell membrane? others. If the membrane is intact, the pigments remain What happens if inside the the membrane of beetroot, and the the beetroot is surrounding intact? water stays clear. The water remains clear, indicating that the membrane is What is the intact and the observation whenpigments are beetroot is retained within placed in water the beetroot. High heat denatures proteins, disrupting the protein component of the How does high membrane, heat affect the causing pigments cell membrane? to leak out. Acetone dissolves the phospholipid component of the membrane, What does allowing acetone do to thepigments to cell membrane? escape. The acetone turns red, What is the indicating that the observation whenphospholipid What happens The pigments when the inside the phospholipid beetroot escape, component of theindicating membrane is membrane disrupted? disruption. Phospholipids form the bilayer structure of the beetroot is placed in acetone? component of the membrane has been disrupted. membrane, What is the role providing a of phospholipids barrier to most in the cell water-soluble membrane? substances. Proteins assist in transporting substances across the membrane, facilitate communication, What is the role and provide of proteins in the structural cell membrane? support. It means that the membrane allows certain What does substances to "selectively cross while permeable" restricting others, mean in the maintaining context of cell internal membranes? conditions. Quail eggs placed in a hypertonic solution will experience osmotic water loss, leading to a reduction in mass due to What is the water moving expected from an area of outcome for quailhigher eggs placed in a concentration to hypertonic an area of lower solution? concentration In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the quail eggs through osmosis, resulting in an increase in mass as water moves How does a from an area of hypotonic lower solute solution affect concentration to quail eggs on a higher solute cellular level? concentration Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is the specific diffusion of water across a selectively permeable Explain the membrane, processes of moving from high diffusion and water osmosis in the concentration to context of this low water experiment. concentration. The volume in the bag may decrease if water What was moves out into observed the more regarding the concentrated volume of the starch solution, solution in the demonstrating dialysis bag after osmotic 90 minutes? movement. The color change of the starch solution in the beaker to blue indicates that What indicates iodine diffused the movement of from the bag into iodine during the the surrounding experiment? starch solution. The experiment shows that the dialysis tubing allows small iodine molecules to pass through How does the while restricting experiment larger starch demonstrate the molecules, principle of illustrating the selectively concept of permeable selective membranes? permeability. Osmotic pressure refers to the pressure required to stop the flow of water across a selectively permeable membrane. In this experiment, the movement of How does the water into or out dialysis of the dialysis experiment bag reflects the illustrate the osmotic pressure concept of created by solute osmotic concentration pressure? differences. Diffusion occurs as iodine molecules move from an area of high concentration (inside the tubing) to an area of lower concentration (starch solution), demonstrating Explain the passive transport process of across a diffusion as it selectively relates to this permeable experiment. membrane. If the surrounding solution is hypotonic (lower solute concentration), What happens to water will move the volume of theinto the bag, dialysis bag if thecausing it to surrounding swell and solution is increase in hypotonic? volume. In a hypertonic solution (higher solute concentration), water will move out of the bag, leading to a What happens to decrease in the dialysis bag ifvolume and the surrounding potentially solution is causing the bag hypertonic to shrink. The solution What happens to inside the dialysis the color of the bag may turn solution inside blue-black if the dialysis bag iodine diffuses in after 90 minutes and reacts with in Part B? starch. Iodine molecules diffuse from an area of higher concentration (the beaker) to an area of lower concentration How does iodine (inside the move into the dialysis bag) dialysis bag in through the Part B? dialysis tubing. It demonstrates that the dialysis tubing is selectively What is the permeable, significance of allowing small starch not being molecules able to pass (iodine) to pass through the while blocking dialysis tubing in larger molecules Part B (starch). Water may move in or out of the dialysis bag How does depending on the osmosis relate to osmotic balance the movement of between the water in thisstarch solution experiment in and the iodine part B? solution. The volume of the starch solution inside the bag may remain constant, What are the while the expected volume concentration changes in the may change dialysis bag after depending on Part B? water movement. The concentration gradient drives the movement of molecules, with diffusion What role does occurring from the concentrationareas of high gradient play in concentration to diffusion in Part areas of low B? concentration. What is an example of an a 0.9% saline isotonic solution solution is for red blood isotonic to red cells? blood cells. water enters the red blood cells, causing them to swell and What happens to eventually burst, red blood cells in a process called a hypotonic hemolysis. solution? In a hypertonic solution, water leaves the red blood cells, What happens to causing them to red blood cells in shrink and a hypertonic become crenated solution? (wrinkled). The red blood what happens cells shrink and when a drop of become crenated concentrated as water leaves (10%) salt the cells due to solution is added the hypertonic to blood environment. The red blood cells swell and eventually burst What occurs due to the influx when distilled of water, leaving water is drawn behind "ghosts" across the red or membrane blood cells fragments. A concentrated (10%) salt Which solution is solution is hypertonic to red hypertonic to red blood cells? blood cells Which solution is Distilled water is hypotonic to red hypotonic to red blood cells? blood cells. In isotonic solutions, they appear normal; in How do red hypotonic blood cells solutions, they appear under a swell and may microscope in burst; and in isotonic, hypertonic hypotonic, and solutions, they hypertonic appear shriveled solutions? and distorted. The orcein crystal gradually diffuses, causing the water around it to change color What happened as the to the orcein concentration of crystal as the lab orcein decreases period with distance progresses? from the crystal. The dispersion of orcein from a concentrated source (the crystal) to a less concentrated How does the area (the experiment surrounding demonstrate the water) process of exemplifies diffusion? diffusion. The orcein crystal in the hot water bath diffuses faster What is the effectthan in the ice of temperature bucket due to on diffusion as increased observed in the molecular demonstration movement at with orcein higher crystals? temperatures. The crystal in the hot water bath disperses more quickly, while the How does one in the ice diffusion differ bath disperses between the test more slowly, tube at room showing the temperature and impact of those in hot and temperature on cold water? diffusion rates. Higher temperatures The crystal in the increase the hot water bath kinetic energy of disperses more molecules, quickly, while the leading to faster one in the ice diffusion, bath disperses whereas lower more slowly, temperatures showing the slow down impact of molecular temperature on movement and diffusion rates. diffusion.