National Training Service Program (NSTP) Reviewer PDF

National Training Service Program (NSTP) REVIEWER Components of NSTP Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC): This component provides military education and training to prepare students for national defense. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS): This component focuses on community...

National Training Service Program (NSTP) REVIEWER Components of NSTP Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC): This component provides military education and training to prepare students for national defense. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS): This component focuses on community development activities that promote social welfare services, such as health, education, and environmental protection. Literacy Training Service (LTS): This component trains students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to schoolchildren, out-of-school youth, and other segments of society in need. LEGAL BASIS Republic Act. 7077 - Citizen Forces Program - known as the "Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act". Republic Act. 9163 - LEGAL BASIC - Republic Act 9163, the "National Service Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001". Republic Act. 9165 - RERATIC / REPUBLIC CODE - Republic Act 9165, the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002". Republic Act. 10121 - RISK REDUCTION - Republic Act 10121, the "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010". Republic Act. 9512 - ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS - Republic Act 9512, the "National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008". Republic Act. 10871 - BASIC LIFE SUPPORT - Republic Act 10871, the "Basic Life Support Training in Schools Act". THE PREAMBLE OF 1987 PHILIPPINES CONSTITUTION “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a government that embodies our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under a regime of justice, peace, liberty, and equality, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.” BILL OF RIGHTS - 1997 Art. IlI, Sec. 1 - No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Art. III, Sec. 4 - Freedom of speech, of expression, of the press, of assembly, and of petition for redress of grievances, shall not be abridged. Art. III, Sec. 5 - Respecting the establishment of religion, the free exercise thereof, and the separation of church and state shall be inviolable. Art. III, Sec. 6 - The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Art. III, Sec. 7 - The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents, papers, and proceedings of all government offices and agencies, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Art. III Sec. 8 - The right of people, including those in the public and private sectors, to form unions shall not be abridged. Art. III Sec. 9 - Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Art. III Sec. 11 - All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all courts, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. Art. III Sec. 12 - Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to remain silent and to counsel, and to be informed of such right. Art. III Sec. 14 - No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Art. III Sec. 18 - No one shall be detained solely. Art. V - Rights to vote or suffrage. Responsibilities of the Filipino Citizen when it comes to the Art. V in 1997 Bill of rights’: - Secrecy - Secrecy of the Ballot Nationalism and Patriotism Old History and Humankind - Attitude: Sense of belonging - Action: Self-determination Patriotism - Love or devotion to the country - Attachment to the community - Give to our country. Silent Provision - Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines - The Republic Act No. 8491, also known as the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines," was enacted in 1998. It outlines the proper use, display, and treatment of the Philippine flag and other national symbols. Knowledge about The Flag of The Philippines. First Person who Raised the Flag of the Philippines: Emilio Aguinaldo at Kawit, Cavite Flag of the Philippines was sewn by: Marcela Agoncillo at Hong Kong Flag Protocol: The Flag Should Be Display In: 1. All Government Buildings 2. Schools 3. Special Historic Sites Flag Ratio: - Length: Twice the width - Width: Half the length Half-Mast Protocol: - When the President or Higher Officials Die: The flag should be flown at half-mast for 7 days. Folding the Flag: - Hold the flag at the corner: This likely refers to holding the flag by one of its corners. - Fold the flag lengthwise: This describes the process of folding the flag lengthwise. National Coat of Arms: The Shield: - Shape: It's an oval shield, divided into two sections by a horizontal line. - Upper Section: Depicts a blue sun with eight rays, symbolizing freedom and liberty. - Lower Section: Features a white triangle with a red equilateral triangle inside, representing the three major islands of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. At the center of the red triangle is a golden star, representing the unity of the Filipino people. The Supporters: - Left: A lion, symbolizing strength, courage, and vigilance. - Right: An eagle, symbolizing freedom, peace, and prosperity. Other Elements: - Motto: "Republika ng Pilipinas" (Republic of the Philippines) is inscribed on a scroll beneath the shield. - Wreath: A wreath of laurel and sampaguita flowers surrounds the shield, symbolizing victory and peace. DRUG EDUCATION “Healthy choice, bright future, healthy promoting Drug Awareness among youth.” Origin/Nature of Drugs: Natural: This likely refers to drugs derived directly from plants or other natural sources. Synthetic: This refers to drugs that are manufactured in a laboratory, not naturally occurring. Abused Drugs: Marijuana: A common term for cannabis, derived from the Cannabis sativa plant. Shabu: A slang term for methamphetamine, a highly addictive stimulant. Ecstasy: A synthetic drug that can cause hallucinations and feelings of euphoria. Drug Administration Methods: - Smoking: Inhaled into the lungs. - Snorting: Inserting the drug into the nasal passages. - Oral Route: Swallowing the drug. - Injection: Injecting the drug directly into the bloodstream. - Suppositories - rectum: This refers to drug testing methods using suppositories, a method for administering drugs rectally. "RA 9165 Article II, Sec 36 - Drug test." This refers to Republic Act 9165, also known as the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002," which mandates drug testing in the Philippines. Article II, Section 36, likely specifies the regulations for drug testing. Treatment and Rehabilitation: -Treatment, Rehabilitation, Referral. "Referral" likely refers to referring individuals to appropriate treatment centers or programs. Components: Monitoring & Evaluation: This refers to the ongoing process of tracking the effectiveness of the drug testing program and making adjustments as needed. Treatment & Rehabilitation & Referral: This component focuses on providing support and resources for individuals who test positive for drug use, including treatment options and referral to appropriate programs. Drug Testing Program: This refers to the actual process of conducting drug tests, including the methods used, frequency, and procedures. For Officers & Employees: This clarifies that the program applies to both management and staff within the organization. Advocacy, Education & Training: This component emphasizes the importance of raising awareness about drug use, educating employees about the program, and providing training on related topics. Written Policy & Issuance of Ordinance: This refers to the formal documentation of the drug testing program, including policies and procedures that are legally binding. MDRRMO Scene safety. mask gloves goggles helmet proper uniform of rescuer. make sure that the bystander and the rescuer are also safe. A,b,c Airway - check if mayroong bara sa lalamunan Breathing - Look, Listen, Feel Circulation- Carotid pulse In activation of medical services DETAILS - WHAT, WHERE, WHEN AND HOW MANY PATIENTS. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR): PAKILALA "I AM, CAN I," Safety First: Always assess the scene for safety before approaching the victim. Ensure your own safety and the safety of others. Call for Help: Call emergency services immediately or ask someone to do so while doing cpr Check Responsiveness: Gently tap the person's shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you okay?" "sir/ma'am naririnig mo po ako?"If there is no response, proceed to the next step. Correct Hand Placement: Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest, between the nipples. Compression Depth: Push straight down on the chest at least 2 inches (5 cm) but not more than 2.4 inches (6 cm). Compression Rate: Push hard and fast at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Allow Chest Recoil: Allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Rescue Breaths: After 30 compressions, provide two rescue breaths (one second each). Continues CPR: Repeat the cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until: - The person recovers and starts breathing normally. - You are exhausted and unable to continue. - Emergency medical help arrives and takes over. ""DO NOT give rescue breaths if hindi kamag anak or ka kilala"" if kakilala or nalunod Notes; GOLDEN TIME 6-10 minutes CARDIAC ARREST -effects (irresponsible brain range 4-6 minutes) if more than that patient can probably die. 2 types of gassing no pulse no breathing 2 types of push push heart push fast 2 inch adult and if nalunod also 2 inch sa stomach. 1.5 sa baby. DNAR/ DNR Do not attempt resuscitation/ Do not Resuscitate. stop cpr when may malay na. may medic na. pag pagod na ung nag ccpr. physician response or anjan na ung ano ganon. pag unsafe ang field/like pag may lindol or sunog or what basta pag unsafe field. BANDAGING METHODS  1. Triangular Bandage: The PRC commonly uses triangular bandages, also known as cravats, for various purposes. These are versatile and can be folded into different shapes to suit the injury. Steps: Head Bandage: Fold the bandage into a broad cravat, place it around the head, and tie the ends at the back of the head. Arm Sling: Fold the bandage into a narrow cravat, place it under the injured arm, and tie the ends around the neck. Elbow Bandage: Fold the bandage into a broad cravat, place it around the elbow, and tie the ends at the back of the arm. Hand Bandage: Fold the bandage into a narrow cravat, place it around the hand, and tie the ends at the wrist. Foot Bandage: Fold the bandage into a broad cravat, place it around the foot, and tie the ends at the ankle. Leg and Thigh Bandage: Fold the bandage into a broad cravat, place it around the leg or thigh, and tie the ends at the back of the leg. 2. Roller Bandage: Are made of cloth strips that are wound around the injured area. They come in various widths and lengths to accommodate different body parts. Steps: Circular: Wrap the bandage around the injured area, overlapping each layer by about half the width of the bandage. Spiral: Wrap the bandage diagonally, overlapping each layer by about half the width of the bandage. Figure-of-Eight: Wrap the bandage in a figure-of-eight pattern, crossing the bandage over the injured area and back around the limb. 3. Elastic Bandage: Provide compression and support to injured areas. Steps: Apply: Wrap the bandage around the injured area, starting from the furthest point away from the wound and working towards it. Tension: Apply even tension and overlap each layer by about half the width of the bandage. Check Circulation: Ensure the bandage is snug but not constricting, and check for proper circulation in the affected area. 4. Pressure Bandage: Are used to control bleeding. Steps: Apply: Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or bandage. Wrap: Wrap a roller bandage firmly around the wound, ensuring it is snug but not constricting. Elevate: Elevate the injured area above the heart to reduce swelling. 5. Other Bandaging Techniques: Butterfly Bandage: Used for minor cuts and abrasions. Occlusive Dressing: Used for wounds that need to be sealed from the environment. General Bandaging Principles: Cleanliness: Always use clean materials to avoid infection. Direct Pressure: Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or bandage to control bleeding. Elevation: Elevate the injured area above the heart to reduce swelling. Immobilization: Use a splint or sling to immobilize the injured limb if necessary. Don't Tighten: Don't wrap bandages too tightly, as this can restrict blood flow. Check Circulation: After applying a bandage, check for good circulation in the affected area. Transportation Methods Carrying: If the victim is conscious and able to assist, use a carrying method like the "crutch method" or the "piggyback method” Stretcher: If the victim is unconscious or has severe injuries, use a stretcher to transport them. The PRC and other emergency services have access to stretchers. Chair: If the victim is conscious and can sit, use a chair with wheels to transport them. (Transport to a Safe Location: Move the victim to a safe location, away from any immediate dangers.) Coordinate with Emergency Services: Provide Information: Provide emergency services with all relevant information about the victim's condition, the nature of the accident, and any other important details. Follow Instructions: Follow the instructions of emergency personnel. Coordinate with Emergency Services: Monitor the Victim: Vital Signs: Monitor the victim's breathing, pulse, and level of consciousness. Pain Management: Administer pain relief if necessary, following the PRC's guidelines. Keep Warm: Keep the victim warm to prevent hypothermia. Important Considerations: Safety: Always prioritize your own safety and the safety of others. Training: It's crucial to receive proper first aid and disaster response training to be prepared for such situations. The PRC offers various courses and certifications. Resources: Familiarize yourself with local emergency services and the PRC's contact information. SUSTAINABILITY AWARENESS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Bio means life, diversity means variety. Importance of Biodiversity Biodiversity provides air and water. Provides material for clothing and shelter. Biodiversity heals and provides herbs/medicinal plants. Brings income to millions. Brings soothes/refreshing feelings. Philippines is number 17 in Mega diverse when it comes to Biodiversity Mangroves are important for various reasons: - They support fisheries by providing a habitat for fish and other marine life. - They protect coastlines from erosion and storm surges by acting as natural barriers. - They provide valuable timber and other plant products for different uses. - They attract tourists, contributing to local economies. - They provide a critical habitat for a wide range of species, contributing to biodiversity. - Their distribution or extent is limited, suggesting a need for conservation efforts. Mangroves are interconnected with other marine ecosystems: They are linked to seagrass and coral reefs, highlighting the importance of maintaining these interconnected ecosystems. Mangroves have a symbiotic relationship with other organisms: Algae live in corals, forming a symbiotic relationship that is essential for coral health. Coral bleaching, caused by stress factors like temperature changes, can harm coral reefs. Mangroves can be used sustainably: Scuba diving is a potential recreational activity related to mangrove ecosystems. Underwater farming is a potential economic activity related to mangrove ecosystems. Sea turtle - one of the most ancient creatures.110 million years. Sea turtle Species: 7 in the world, 5 can be found in the Philippines. Loggerhead Hawksbill Leatherback Green Sea Olive Ridley. Mangrove Forest 149,000 hectares remain out of 450,000 in 1918. Treats in the Philippines ecosystem 1. Depletion of the Philippine Ecosystem: Wetlands: The notes mention 14,000 sq. km of wetlands. Forests: The notes state that 17 million hectares of forests remain out of 6 million hectares. 2. Deforestation: A major environmental issue, directly related to the depletion of forests. 3. Illegal Wildlife Trade: The illegal hunting and trafficking of animals, which can threaten biodiversity. 4. Invasive Alien Species: Refers to species introduced from other regions that can disrupt native ecosystems. The abbreviation "TAS" likely stands for "Threatened Alien Species." 5. Pollution: A broad category encompassing various forms of pollution, such as air, water, and soil pollution, which can harm both human health and the environment. 6. Climate Change : A natural event results in extreme weather changing conditions. Environmental activity that can help our Environment Monitoring and Habitat Conservation National Greening Program Biodiversity - Amphibians: 171 species - Birds: 258 endemic (found only in a specific region) - Reptiles: 342 species - Sea Turtles: 5 out of 7 global species are found in the Philippines. Laws - Presidential Decree (PD) 705 - Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines - Amendment by PD. No. 1559 BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION contact number : 09399337795 What is Fire? A common element that was being used to burn and cook things because it It releases heat and energy that can burn. 2 types of fire Controlled vs. Uncontrolled: Controlled Fire: This is a fire that is intentionally set and managed for specific purposes, such as in a fireplace or for controlled burns in forestry. Uncontrolled Fire: A fire that spreads out of control, becoming dangerous and destructive. Characteristics of a Fire. Hot and Fast: It burns quickly and produces high temperatures. Deadly: Uncontrolled fire can be fatal. Black: Because of the smoke it produces. Fire Tetrahedron: There are three essential elements needed for fire to exist: Heat: The initial source of energy to start the fire. Fuel: The material that burns. Air (or Oxygen): The oxidizer that supports combustion. It is a Chemical Chain Reaction that possesses a combustion itself, where the fuel reacts with oxygen to produce heat and light. Types of Fuel: Solid: Wood, paper, etc. Liquid: Gasoline, oil, etc. Gas: Natural gas, propane, etc. Classifications Of Fire Class A Fires: These involve ordinary combustibles that leave ashes after burning, such as wood, paper, cloth, and plastics. Water is an effective extinguishing agent for Class A fires. Class B Fires: These involve flammable liquids, such as gasoline, oil, and grease.t liquid-based extinguishers are used for Class B fires. Class C Fires: These involve energized electrical equipment, such as wires, motors, and appliances. Electrical conductivity is a concern with Class C fires so liquid extinguisher is not advisable. just turn/pull off the switch in the main source of the electricity. Class D Fires: These involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, and sodium. Foam is used for Class D fires. Class K Fires: These involve cooking oils and fats. Fire Extinguishment Methods: - Blanketing: This method involves covering the fire with a material that prevents oxygen from reaching the fuel, suffocating the flames. - Smothering: This method involves removing the heat source, reducing the temperature below the ignition point of the fuel, and stopping the fire. Safety Considerations Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear specialized PPE to protect the self from heat, flames, and other hazards: Fire Helmet: Protects the head from falling debris and heat. Fire Jacket and Pants: Provide insulation and protection from heat and flames. Gloves: Protect hands from heat and burns. Boots: Provide heat resistance and ankle support. Breathing Apparatus: Provides clean air to breathe in smoky or toxic environments. Hoseline Handling: Must be trained to handle the hoseline safely and effectively. Avoid tripping over the hose, ensure it's laid out properly, and be aware of its weight and potential for recoil. Water Pressure: Must be aware of the water pressure in the hoseline and adjust the nozzle accordingly. Too much pressure can cause the hose to burst, while too little pressure may not be effective. Additional Information Types of Fire Hoses: There are different types of fire hoses, including: Single Jacket Hose: A basic hose with a single layer of fabric. Double Jacket Hose: A hose with two layers of fabric for added strength. Lightweight Hose: A hose designed for easier handling. Nozzle Types: Nozzles come in various designs, including: Solid Stream Nozzle: Produces a concentrated stream of water. Fog Nozzle: Produces a fine mist of water for cooling and reducing smoke. Combination Nozzle: Can produce both solid stream and fog patterns. Steps for Holding a Fire Hose Nozzle: 1. Assess the Situation: Water Pressure: Determine the water pressure in the hoseline. High pressure requires a firmer grip and more caution. Nozzle Type: Identify the type of nozzle (solid stream, fog, combination) as it affects how you hold and operate it. Fire Conditions: Consider the size and intensity of the fire, as well as the surrounding environment. 2. Grip the Nozzle: Two-Handed Grip: For most nozzles, use a firm but flexible two-handed grip. This provides better control and stability. One-Handed Grip: If necessary, use a one-handed grip, but be extra cautious with hose movement and recoil. 3. Position the Nozzle: Direction: Point the nozzle towards the base of the fire. Angle: Adjust the nozzle's angle to direct the water stream effectively. 4. Control the Water Flow: Solid Stream Nozzle: Use your thumbs to control the water flow. Fog Nozzle: Use your index finger to control the water flow. Combination Nozzle: Use the appropriate controls for the desired spray pattern. 5. Maintain a Safe Distance: Recoil: Be aware of the hose's recoil. Maintain a safe distance from the fire and obstacles. Teamwork: Coordinate movements with other firefighters to avoid tripping over hoses or creating hazards. 6. Adjust as Needed: Pressure Changes: If the water pressure changes, adjust your grip accordingly. Fire Conditions: If the fire conditions change, adjust the nozzle's angle, spray pattern, or distance to maintain effectiveness.