Republic Acts PDF

REPUBLIC ACTS Bill of Rights (1987 Ph RA 9163 Constitution) - An act establishing NSTP Sec. 1 - No person shall be for tertiary level deprived of life, liberty, or students, amending for the property without due process...

REPUBLIC ACTS Bill of Rights (1987 Ph RA 9163 Constitution) - An act establishing NSTP Sec. 1 - No person shall be for tertiary level deprived of life, liberty, or students, amending for the property without due process of purpose Republic Act no. law, nor shall any person be 7077 and Presidential denied the equal protection of Decree No. 1706, and for the laws. other purposes.” was enacted last January 2002 SEC. 2 - The right of the to amend the Expanded people to be secure in their ROTC. persons, houses, papers, and RA 7077 Sec. 38 and 39 effects against unreasonable - designed to provide searches and seizures of military training to whatever nature and for any motivate, train, organize purpose shall be inviolable, and mobilize them for and no search warrant or national defense warrant of arrest shall issue preparedness. except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the Commonwealth Act No. 1 or judge after examination under National Defense Act oath or affirmation of the - In 1935, the NSTP began complainant and the witnesses with the creation of the he may produce, and Commonwealth Act No. 1 particularly describing the under the government of place to be searched and the President Manuel L. persons or things to be seized. Quezon. SEC. 7 - The right of the - The law required male people to information on college students to finish matters of public concern shall two 4-semester-years of be recognized. Access to military training for official records, and to being a reservist in the documents, and papers Philippine National pertaining to official acts, Defense. transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research Presidential Decree No. 1706 data used as basis for policy (National Service Law) development, shall be afforded - On August 8, 1980, the citizen, subject to such President Ferdinand Marcos limitations as may be provided amended the National by law. Defense Act. SEC. 22 - No ex post facto law dangerous drug and/or or bill of attainder shall be controlled precursor and enacted essential chemical as provided in this Act. Flag Heraldic Act of the PH RA 6491 This program aimed to enhance - An act prescribing the civic consciousness and defense code of the national flag, preparedness in the youth by anthem, motto, developing the ethics of coat-of-arms and other service and patriotism while heraldic items and devices undergoing training in any of of the Philippines. its three (3) program components, specifically Republic Act No. designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the 9165,Comprehensive Dangerous general welfare. Drugs Act of 2002 - January 23, 2002, is an act instituting the R.A. 8491 comprehensive Dangerous - The Good Filipino Drug Act of 2002, Citizenship Values, Flag repealing Republic Act and Heraldic Code of the 6425, otherwise known as Philippines, the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 amended, and providing funds for its COMPONENTS OF NSTP implementation. It Literacy Training establishes the Dangerous Drugs Board. which is the Service (LTS) policy-making and - designed to train strategy-formulating body the students to in the planning and teach literacy and formulation of policies numeracy skills to and programs on drug school children, prevention and control. out-of-school youth - It also creates the and other segments Philippine Drug of society in need Enforcement Agency (PDEA), of their services. which serves as the implementing arm of the Civic Welfare Training Board, and shall be Service (CWTS) responsible for the - activities efficient and effective contributory to the law enforcement of all the general welfare and provisions on any the betterment of  life for the joint effort of DND, members of the CHED, and TESDA. community. EVOLUTION OF NSTP Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) SPANISH COLONIALISM - There was a training Who are covered by the course similar to what NSTP Law? is presently known as ROTC at UST. All incoming freshmen 3 Main Components of National students, starting SY Service Law 2002-2003, enrolled in - Civic Welfare Service any baccalaureate and in - Law Enforcement at least 2 year - Military Service technical-vocational or associate courses, are President Corazon Aquino required to complete one suspended the National NSTP component of their Service Law (except the choice, as a graduation Military Service) paving requirement; the way for the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps All higher and (ROTC) embodied under technical-vocational Republic Act No. 7077 education institutions for the SY 1986-1987. must at least offer one of the NSTP components. The objective is to train all able-bodied What is the National Service tertiary students for Reserve Corps (NSRC)? military skills in case - NSRC is created under of war. Section 11 of RA 9163 or the STP Act of 2001, composed of graduates of Many saw that the the non-ROTC components: enforcement of the NSP the CWTS and LTS. was confusing. Members of this Corps Therefore, in December may be tapped by the 2001, the NSTP Act was State for literacy and signed into law by civic welfare President Gloria Arroyo. activities, through the  The NSP Act aims for image that he may reforms in the NSP and live a happy life. ROTC programs. (CWTS, LTS and ROTC are the 3 Constitutional Rights Components) - Conferred and protected by the The Preamble states that Constitution. the Constitution exists “to form a more perfect Statutory Rights Union, establish - Provided by law, Justice, insure domestic promulgate by the Tranquility, provide for law-making body and the common defense, consequently may be [and] promote the abolished by the general Welfare.” same body Concepts of a Bill of Rights Classification of - A declaration and Constitutional Rights enumeration of a person’s rights and Political Rights privileges which the - The power to Constitution is designed participate to protect against directly or violation by the indirectly in the government, or by establishment or individual or group of administration of individuals. It is a the government charter of liberties for the individual and Civil Rights limitation upon the - A law which secures power of the State. private individuals for the purpose of Classes of Rights securing enjoyment Natural Rights of their means of - Possessed by every happiness citizen without being granted by Social and Economic the State for they Rights are given to man by - Intended to ensure God as human being the well-being and created to his  economic security Every Filipino citizen of an individual is asked to uphold this Constitution, obey the Rights of the Accused laws of the land, pay - Intended for the taxes and duties, and to protection of a cooperate with the duly person accused of constituted authorities any crime in the attainment and preservation of a just Duties & Responsibilities of and orderly society Filipino Citizen Every Filipino citizen It is the duty of every must give due honor to Filipino to respect, the Philippine flag, honor and give due National Anthem, accord to his Filipino Philippine President and heritage, patrimony, other national symbols values and tradition. and emblems. It is the duty of every It is the duty of very Filipino to contribute Filipino citizen to to the development, defend the national welfare and territory from nation-building of its aggressive invaders, country protect the sovereignty of its people, and It is the duty of every preserve the continuity Filipino to engage in of a just, human society gainful work to assure and government. himself and his family a life of worthy of human It is the duty of every dignity Filipino to report to the proper authorities Loyalty to the federal all plots of terrorism, republic and national plans of rebellion, consciousness, subversion, or aspirations and ideals insurrection toward the shall be asked from duly and legally every Filipino citizen. acknowledge government, and other acts that will compromise the union and  sovereignty of the United Nations Principles on federal republic Human Rights - Human rights are It is the obligation of universal and every Filipino, to inalienable; report corrupt, indivisible; dishonest or fraudulent interdependent and government officials to interrelated. They are the proper forum, courts universal because and agencies. A Filipino everyone is born with shall not tempt or bribe and possesses the same government officials, rights, regardless of steal from the coffers where they live, their of the government, or gender or race, or their escape or abandon his religious, cultural or lawful responsibilities ethnic background. It is the responsibility According to the United of every Filipino to Nations (UN) Commission, elect officials of Human Security: government as a means of - seeks to “protect the demonstrating his vital core of all human personal ideas and lives in ways that aspirations for the enhance human freedoms motherland. Omission or and human fulfillment” abstention from this - requires “protecting responsibility may people from critical and indicate a person’s pervasive threats” and renunciation of his "empowering them to take rights of suffrage. No charge of their own fine or inappropriate or lives“ excessive penalty shall - “protection and be asked from him as empowerment are mutually reparation for his reinforcing and cannot choice not to vote. succeed in isolation” People, who lost their social right of suffrage, may reclaim Good Citizenship Values such rights according to law. 1. PAGKAMAKA - DIYOS Faith in the Almighty  - As a nation, we have faith that God, will guide us 2. PAGKAMAKA-TAO in the right Love direction - What you do not want done to Respect for Life yourself, do not do - It is a call to to others. respect your own (Confucius) life and the life of others. To do no Freedom harm and violence, - Is always linked to and to protect one responsibility. We another from have the freedom to destruction. think and act and that will lead us Order/Work to consequences - This is adherence that we ought to be to discipline. responsible of. Discipline the mind and the body, so Peace that, in every - Be a peacemaker. decision and It starts with actions that we do, yourself and let it there is peace and radiate to the harmony. people around you. Concern for the Family Truth and Future Generations - Always prevails. - The Filipino Better be on the culture is embedded side of the truth in our value for rather than be our family. As a sorry. citizen of this nation, we honor Justice out family by - To give credit to honoring our where credit is nation… ‘sa isip, due. salita, at sa gawa’. - 3. PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN  Unity - Pagkaka-isa towards Conserve energy by observing a common goal, and earth hour that is for the betterment of our Lessen our carbon monoxide nation emission Equality Protect our marine life - Equal rights, opportunities, and Plant more trees protection from law Respect for Law and Drug Education Government - Recognizing and What are drugs? upholding the laws - A drug is any substance of the land even which alters the way the when someone isn’t body functions. There looking. are lots of different types of drugs. Patriotism - Love your country. - Some drugs are legal. Be Proud of it. Many adults in the UK regularly drink alcohol and smoke tobacco. Promotion of the Common Good - Some drugs are illegal. Cannabis, cocaine and 4. PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN Ecstasy are all illegal Concern for the drugs. environment - The world is - Some drugs, like changing and it paracetamol, have gravely affects our certain health benefits. environment. We, They help us overcome as a whole nation, illnesses, diseases and must participate in infection. It is still rehabilitating the important to be careful earth even in our when taking these drugs. own ways. Like: Proper waste disposal thru proper garbage segregation  - also called substance without thinking about abuse or chemical abuse. it. They give us bursts of energy and we often - It is the frequent use crave them. of illegal drugs, or the misuse of prescription Caffeine is a drug contained or over-the-counter in coffee and cola. drugs with negative consequences. It is also Sugar is not officially a disorder that is considered to be a drug, but characterized by an some people think it should abusive pattern of using be because of the way it can a substance that leads affect you. to serious problems or distress. Why do young people take drugs? - is the state of physical and psychological Peer Pressure dependence, or may be - Peer pressure isn’t both, on a dangerous just having your drug/s, experienced by a friends stand over person following the use you saying “Come of that substance on a on! Do it!” Often recurrent or regular it’s much more basis. subtle. Because most of us want to - A person dependent on fit in, sometimes drugs will experience we feel pressure to withdrawal reactions or do what our friends "cold turkey” symptoms are doing, even if that occur after we know it’s wrong long-term use of a drug or simply don’t and is reduced or want to do it. stopped precipitously after abstaining from How can we deal with peer drugs. pressure? Short term solutions What drugs are in our diet? - Say you’ve just - There are two substances remembered you have that almost all of us to be home for consume every day, often something.  - Say you are feeling - Persistent lying very unwell. - Sudden violent temper - Change the subject. - Mood swings - Relationship with family Long term solutions and friends is bad - Choose your friends - Loss of interest in carefully – a friend who hobbies pushes you to do drugs - Lack of grooming is not such a good - Stealing friend. - Agree in advance that How Can You Help? you and a friend will - Let them know you’re both say ‘no’ together. worried about them. - Remind them that you are Drug abuse and addiction there for them if they - People who use illegal need you. drugs can sometimes - Try to talk to them become addicted to them. about why they are using This means they are drugs. dependent on the drug - Find out about some and feel that they need organizations that can to have it all the time. help them. - Offer to go with them to - There are often stories get help. in the news about - Suggest that they speak celebrities who have to an adult they can drug or alcohol trust. problems. The singer Amy Winehouse is believed to have battled a drug Criteria for Substance Abuse addiction. In 2007 she Disorders was admitted to hospital following a suspected - Craving the use the drugs overdose. substance - Wanting to cut or to Signs of trouble stop but not managing to - Taking rhw substance in - Change in appetite or larger amounts of for weight longer than you’re meant - Unusual behavior to - Sudden secretiveness  - Neglecting other parts - Illicit stimulants of your life because of usually are substance use snorted, swallowed, - Continuing to use, even smoked, or injected when it causes problems EX. Amphetamines, caffeine, in relationships ice, cocaine, nicotine - Using substances even when it puts you in Narcotic Drugs danger - Originally a substances that Classification of drugs dulled the sense Depressant drugs and relieved pain - Slows down a - A drug or other person's central substance affecting nervous system mood or behaivior - Help people who and sold for have anger nonmedical management purposes, problems, stressed especially illegal of tensed one - Relax muscles and - Prescribed to nerves patients with - Make patients feel mental disorders or sleepy and light with severe pain headed EX. Opioid, cocaine,heroin, EX. alcohol, barbiturates, and marijuana and tranquilizers hallucinogens Stimulant drugs - A psychoactive - Speeds up levels of agent that often or physiological or ordinarily causes nervous activity in hallucinations, the body perceptual - Referred to as anomalies, and “uppers,” other substantial frequently abused subjective changes due to their in thought, performance emotion, and enhancing and consciousness that euphoric effects. are not typically experienced to such  degrees with other or her ability to categories of drugs function interpersonally EX. Lysergic acid and at work. diethylamide, psilocybin(obtained from Amphetamines mushrooms and mescaline) - This group of drugs comes in many forms, inhalants from prescription - Products easily medications like bought and found in methylphenidate the home or (Ritalin, Concerta) and workplace–such as dextroamphetamine and spray paints, amphetamine (Adderall) markers, glues, and to illegally cleaning products manufactured drugs like - Contain dangerous methamphetamine substances that ("crystal meth"). have psychoactive Overdose of any of these (mind altering) substances can result in properties when seizure and death. inhaled - May feel less Anabolic steroids self-conscious and - A group of substances less in control abused by bodybuilders EX. Solvents, aerosols, and other athletes, this gasses, nitrites group of drugs can lead to terrible COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS psychological effects like aggression and Alcohol paranoia, as well as - a toxic substance, devastating long-term particularly to a physical effects like developing fetus when a infertility and organ mother consumes this failure. during pregnancy. One of the most common Caffeine alcoholism can have - While it is consumed by devastating effects on many coffee, tea and the alcoholic soda drinkers, when individual's physical consumed in excess this health, as well as his substance can be habit  forming and produce smoked when in the form palpitations, insomnia, of rocks ("crack" tremors, and significant cocaine), or injected anxiety. when made into a liquid. Cannabis Ecstasy - More commonly called - Also called MDMA to marijuana, the denote its chemical scientific name for composition cannabis is (methylenedioxymethamphe tetrahydrocannabinol tamine), this drug tends (THC). In addition to to create a sense of the negative effects the euphoria and an drug itself can produce expansive love or desire (for example, to nurture others. In infertility, paranoia, overdose, it can lack of motivation), the increase body fact that it is commonly temperature to the point mixed ("cut") with other of being fatal. substances so drug dealers can make more Hallucinogens money selling the - Examples include LSD and diluted substance or mescaline, as well as expose the user to more so-called naturally addictive drugs exposes occurring hallucinogens the marijuana user to like certain mushrooms. the dangers associated These drugs can be with those added dangerous in their substances. Examples of ability to alter the ingredients that perceptions of the user. marijuana is commonly For example, a person cut with include baby who is intoxicated with powder, oregano, a hallucinogen may embalming fluid, PCP, perceive danger where opiates, and cocaine. there is none and to think that situations Cocaine that are truly dangerous - A drug that tends to are not. Those stimulate the nervous misperceptions can system, cocaine can be result in dangerous snorted in powder form, behaviors (like jumping  out of a window because - This group is also the individual thinks called narcotics and they are riding on an includes drugs like elephant that can fly). heroin, codeine, hydrocodone, morphine, Inhalants: methadone, Vicodin, - One of the most commonly OxyContin, Percocet, and abused groups of Percodan. This group of substances due to its substances sharply accessibility, inhalants decreases the are usually contained in functioning of the household cleaners, like nervous system. The ammonia, bleach, and lethality of opiates is other substances that often the result of the emit fumes. Brain abuser having to use damage, even to the increasingly higher point of death, can amounts to achieve the result from using an same level of inhalant just once or intoxication, ultimately over the course of time, to the point that the depending on the dose needed to get high individual. The four is the same as the dose types of inhalants are: that is lethal for that Volatile Solvents, individual by halting Aerosols, Gases and the person's breathing Nitrites. (respiratory arrest). Nicotine Phencyclidine - The addictive substance - Commonly referred to as found in cigarettes, PCP, this drug can cause nicotine is actually one the user to feel of the most addictive extremely paranoid, substances that exists. become quite aggressive In fact, nicotine and to have an unusual addiction is often amount of physical compared to the intense strength. This can make addictiveness associated the individual quite with opiates like dangerous to others. heroin. Sedative, hypnotic, or Opiates antianxiety drugs  - As these substances oxygen account for 99 quell or depress the percent of the gases in nervous system, they can dry air, with argon, cause death by carbon dioxide, helium, respiratory arrest of neon, and other gases the person who either making up minute uses these drugs in portions. Water vapor overdose or who mixes and dust are also part one or more of these of Earth’s atmosphere drugs with another nervous system Environmental awareness depressant drug (like is being aware of the alcohol, another state of the sedative drug, or an environment. The opiate). environment refers to all parts of nature, Environmental Protection and living and nonliving Management Being aware of the - Environment is the sum environment is total of water, air, particularly important, animals , human man given the increasing beings and other living environmental challenges organisms lives. Air, we are facing, such as: water, and land - Climate change constitutes our - Global warming surroundings and is - Water scarcity directly influencing us. - Droughts Singh categorized the - Deforestation environment into four - Floods scopes: atmosphere, - Pollution hydrosphere and lithosphere and the Environmental Education biosphere. - It refers to organized efforts to teach about - According to the how natural environment National Geographic, we function and, live at the bottom of an particularly, how human invisible ocean called beings can manage their the atmosphere, a layer behavior and ecosystems of gases surrounding our in order to live planet. Nitrogen and sustainably. The term is  often used to imply improvement of human education within the welfare for present and school system, from future generations. primary to Contrary to what the post-secondary. terms suggests, environmental management - Environmental education is not the management of is a learning process the environment but that increases people's rather is the management knowledge and awareness of the interaction of about the environment modern human societies and associated with, and their impact challenges, develops the on the environment necessary skills and expertise to address the 3 main issues that affect challenges, and fosters environmental managers attitudes, motivations, Politics and commitments to make Programs informed decisions and Resources take responsible action (UNESCO, Tbilisi Environmental Protection Declaration 1978) - The aim of Environmental Protection is to reduced - Environmental Education risks to the environment is a process which is from contaminants such very useful to human as hazardous materials beings in order to and wastes, fuels, and manage their environment oils. It address well and instill the pollution prevention right behavior that measures and regulatory serves as key to compliance by providing sustainable development. procedures for safely working with these Environmental Management materials, inspecting - Environmental Management the storage vessels and is defined as an attempt locations, and to control human impact designating preventative on and interaction with maintenance procedures. environment to preserve Also included are natural resources. It environmental emergency focuses on the plans, which provide the  appropriate actions to equipment and be taken in the event of machines. a spill or release. Industrialized countries are considered as the Following are the factors greatest that affects the environment contributor of Impacts of Technology on greenhouse gases the Environment that causes global - Technology’ refers warming. Despite of to the application the negative of scientific effects, it also knowledge for brought a lot of practical purposes positive impacts. and the machinery Promoting awareness and devices on the impacts of developed as a technology advance result. It has in the environment, provided humans many countries are with countless now engaged in benefits and has "green technology made human lives a lot easier. In the Human Impacts on the environment, Environment technology has both - According to Berg, positive and et al, human negative impacts. species is the most As the technology significant agent is improving, the of environmental air and water change on earth, pollution is however, our drastically intellectual increasing. One of capacity has made the negative it possible to impacts includes explore our the amount of environment to made energy that is changes on our consumed globally. environment. These Advance technology changes made by also require more humans triggered energy for climate change,  soil erosion, poor as food, water and air quality, and shelter undrinkable water. have greatly taken Impacts of Agriculture toll on our on the Environment environment. Some - The traditional of the impacts made agricultural by humans are practice, slash and overpopulation, burn and shifting pollution, burning agriculture has led fossil fuels, and to deforestation deforestation and decline in land quality. Modern Impacts of Population agriculture and Consumption on the practices resulted Environment to greater - The continuous environmental growth of degradation. Soil population lead to quality degradation environmental such as salinity, degradation as nitrate pollution, greater population water logging and means more nutrient imbalance consumption of resulted from too food, water, energy much use of and raw materials. pesticides has led Huge populations to the evolution of also produces more virulent and enormous amounts of resistant pests. wastes and population. Impacts of Mining on Consumption, the Environment on the human use of Environment material and energy - Mining is done to can also have the extract minerals or same impact as fossil fuels from overpopulation. deep deposits in High population the soil by means higher demand subsurface mining. for resources such The latter is more destructive  dangerous and lower atmosphere expensive including because of risks of increases in the occupational concentrations of hazards and one or more accidents greenhouse gases primarily as a Impacts of result of one or Transportation on the more changes in any Environment aspects of the - Transportation is earth's including the movement of temperature, materials and human precipitation and beings from one storm activity. place to another. Climate change is It could be carried usually seen as a out by several result of global ways, it could be warming by land or by water. Fossil fuels are usually used to 2 Identified ways in managing run the global climate change automobiles. The Mitigation- moderation widespread use of or postponement of automobiles brought global climate change about significant through measures that environmental reduce greenhouse gases problems. emission. - Road and highway Adaptation- planned construction caused response to changes land conversion, caused by global climate loss of fertile top change soil, soil erosion and clearing of Importance of Environment forest in the Education: mountain areas 1. All major natural resources in the country The Global Warming are in grave danger of - Global warming is irreparable damage defined the warming 2. A society cannot survive of the earth's if its natural resources  are rendered unfit for This principles is best use by its people. exemplified by the concept of 3. The only hope of the ecosystem. In an salvaging this grave ecosystem, all biotic and situation is by making amniotic components interact the young aware that with each other to ensure they need to proactively that the system is begin to protect the perpetuated. Any outside environment they will interference may result in an inherit imbalance and the 4. Science and Technology deterioration of the system can help in a limited way but cannot deliver 2. All forms of life are it important 5. It is a moral and - Each organism plays ethical education for a fundamental role changing people's in nature. Since attitude such occupational 6. To protect children or functional living in polluted position, otherwise regions, environmental known as niche, education represents a cannot be relevant means of simultaneously prevention occupied by more 7. It is a need of the time than one specie, it to propose environmental is apparent that education delivered with all living things moral concept must be considered 8. It is conceived to as invaluable in sustain participation of the maintenance of the citizens especially homeostasis in the the youth particularly ecosystem in combating ill effects 3. Everything must go of climate change somewhere - When a piece of Seven Principles of paper is thrown environment and away, it disappears Environmental Law from sights but it does not cease to 1. Everything is connected exist. It end up to everything else elsewhere. Gases  released in eruption of Mt. smokestacks may Pinatubo, which disperse but it brought about great will end up a upheaval in many component of the parts of Luzon and atmosphere or changes in the brought down by topography of the rains. What a land particular type of 5. Nature knows Best waste does to the - This Principle is earth's repository the most basic and should be of in fact encompasses concern to us. It all the others. may be a pollutant Humans have to or a resource understand nature depending on and have to abide certain factors by the rules nature 4. Everything change dictates. In - It is said that he essence, one must only permanent not go against the things is change. natural processes As a general if one would like classification, to ensure a change may be continuous and linear, cyclical or steady supply of random. As example resources. of linear change is 6. Our is a finite earth evolution of - The earth's species, which has resources can be bought about higher classified as and more complex either renewable or types of organisms. non-renewable. Cyclical change may Renewable resources be exemplified by are those that can seasons and the easily be rhythms on floral replenished by and faunal life natural cycle (e.g. stages that go with water, air, plants, the seasons. An and animals) while example of random non-renewable change is the resources are those  that cannot be of climate which is replenished through attributed directly or natural cycles indirectly to human (e.g. ores of activity that alters the various metals, composition of the oil, coal). global atmosphere and 7. Nature is beautiful and which is, in addition to we are stewards of God's natural climate creation variability, observed - Among all over comparable time creatures, humans periods (United Nations are the only ones Framework Convention on made in God's image Climate Change) and have been given the right to have How does it occur? dominion over all - The Fourth Assessment His creations. Report of the Being the most Intergovernmental Panel intelligent and on Climate Change (IPCC, gifted with reason, 4AR 2007) concludes that humans are capable climate change is of manipulating already occurring and creation to their that further own advantage. Yet acceleration will result creation exist not in a two (2) degree to be ravaged or increase in global abused but to be temperature and of taken care of. extreme weather Humans cannot exist conditions. without nature. - Climate Change is caused by the increase volume Climate Change and Air of Greenhouse Gases(GHG) Pollution in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are What is climate change? goes that absorb and - Climate Change is any re-emit infrared change in climate over radiation, warming the time whether due to earth's surface and natural processes or as contributing to climate a result of human change (UNEP 1988). activity. It is a change These gases are water  vapor, methane, carbon produced through dioxide, nitrous oxide, industrial processes, ozone, However, human hydrofluorocarbon, activities also add to perfluorocarbon, and the increase of the surfur hexafluoride. naturally occurring When these gases greenhouse gases in the increase in volume, more atmosphere solar heat will be trapped resulting to a What are the effects of warmer atmospheric climate change or global condition. This warming? phenomenon is known as - The warming of the the "greenhouse effect". Earth's atmosphere Global warming is the result in the melting of increase in the average snow covers and temperature of the glaciers, the rise of earth's near-surface air sea level, shorter and oceans that is winters, early springs, associated with the hotter summers and increased concentration delayed coming of of greenhouse gases in autumns, altered forest the atmosphere productivity and - Human are responsible composition, habitat for the accelerated shifts of some animals, warming of the earth. changes in the behavior before the advent of patterns of flora and human, climate changes fauna, spread of were naturally caused. diseases, stronger and Many greenhouse gases more frequent typhoons, occur naturally like more floods, severe methane, carbon dioxide, droughts, stronger heat nitrous oxide, ozone and waves and heavier rains even water vapor. Other and more greenhouse gases like - These changes in the hydroflurocarbons (HFC), environment as a result perflurocarbon (PFC), of climate change have and sulfur hexafluoride already made their (SF6) which absorb and impact on human hold greater heat are population in a global human-made. These are scale. Socio-economic  problems and onal plans to mainstream difficulties will be this consciousness. amplified compounding 6. Policy Development- the already heavy burden Lobby for and/ or of the poor sectors. support climate change Agriculture become less responsive policies and or non-productive due to ordinances. droughts and flooding. 7. Reduce vulnerability- Mounting social pressure Synergize efforts with on the damaging effects other enlightened of climate change will individual or group influence political stakeholders priorities and 8. Develop a stable direction. resource mobilization mechanism or system - To What can be done locally? ensure and facilities 1. Mitigation - Reduce the the flow of financial sources of greenhouse and technical support to gas emissions or enhance local implementers their sink or capture. 2. Adaptation - Moderate Disaster Risk Reduction the harmful effects of Management climate change and exploit its beneficial What is a Disaster? opportunities - Serious disruption of 3. Awareness - Support or the functioning of a join awareness raising community or a society of people in your locally/community about Types of Natural Hazards climate change Earthquake typhoon 4. Capacity Building - Tornado Carry out concrete Wildfire disaster prevention, Flood mitigation and Drought management activities. Tsunami 5. Advocate- Suggest or advocate the integration Landslide of climate change Type of Human Induced mitigation and Fires adaptation into Accidents organizational/instituti Aircraft crash  Pollution Disaster Preparedness Civil disturbance - Establish and strengthen Terrorist attacks capacities Explosions Disaster Response - Provide life Armed conflict preservation and basic subsistence needs Paradigm Shift in DRRM Disaster Rehabilitation and Use directives, skills, Recovery and capacities - Restore and improve Implement strategies and facilities and living policies conditions and Lessen impacts and capacities possibility or disaster Terminology National Disaster Risk Prevention Reduction and Management - Outright avoidance of Council the adverse affects of - Highest organized and hazards / disasters authorized body in DRRM Mitigation in the Philippines. - The process of lessoning or limiting the adverse Disaster Risk Reduction affects of hazards / Framework disasters Prevention and Preparedness mitigation - Knowledge and capacities Preparedness to effectively Recovery and anticipate, respond to rehabilitation and recover from impacts Response of likely hazard Risk Reduction Safer, adaptive and disaster - Practice of reducing resilient Filipino risks through systematic communities towards efforts to analyze and sustainable development manage the causal factors of disasters, Disaster Prevention and including through Mitigation reduced exposure, - Avoid hazards and lessened vulnerability, mitigate their potential improved preparedness impacts Response  - Provision of emergency - Whenever used in this services to save lives, Act, the term: meet needs 1. “Military” shall mean all branches of the Section 1. Armed Forces of the This act shall be known Philippines including as the “Flag and the Philippine National Heraldic Code of the Police, the Bureau of Philippines.” Jail Management and Penology, and the Bureau Section 2. Declaration of of Fire Protection; Policy - Reverence and respect 2. “Festoon” shall at all time be - shall mean to hang accorded to the flag, in a curved shape the anthem, and other between two points national symbols which as a decoration; embody the national ideals and traditions 3. “Flag” and which express - shall mean the principles of Philippine National sovereignty and national Flag, unless stated solidarity. The heraldic otherwise; items and devices shall seek to manifest the 4. “Fly” national virtues and to - shall mean the part inculcate the minds and of the flag outside hearts of our people a the hoist or just pride in their length; native land, fitting respect and affection 5. “Symbol” for the national flag - shall mean any and anthem, and the conventional sign proper use of the which reveals man’s national motto, coat of achievement and arms and other heraldic heroism (for orders item and devices. and decorations), identification, Section 3. Definition of authority and a Terms sign of dignity  (for coat-of-arms, Consulate or logo and insignia); Embassies abroad; 6. “Half-Mast” 11. “Places of Frivolty” - shall mean lowering - shall mean places the flag to of hilarity marked one-half the by or providing distance between boisterous the top and bottom merriment or of the staff; recreation; 7. “Hoist” 12. “Advertisement or - shall mean the part Infomercial” of the flag nearest - these are any the staff or the information canvass to which material, printed the halyard is or through radio, attached; television and electronic media 8. “Inclement Weather” which seeks to - shall mean that a promote typhoon signal is individuals, raised in the products or locality; services, political purposes or 9. “National Anthem” information - shall mean the campaigns Philippine National Anthem’ 13. Heraldic Items and Devices 10. “Official Residences” - are coat-of-arms, seals, - shall mean logos, insignia, badges, Malacañang, and flashes, patches, orders other and decorations, medals, government-owned stars, citations, lapel structures where pins, trophies, dry, wax the President or wet seals, and resides, and other imprints on letterheads, structures occupied envelops and cards by the Philippine 14. Government Entities  - all branches of everyday throughout the government, its bureaus year. and attached agencies, constitutional offices, - SECTION 6. The flag government owned and/or shall be permanently controlled corporations, hoisted, day and night government financial throughout the year, in institutions, state front of the following; universities and at Malacanang Palace; colleges, Armed Forces the Congress of the of the Philippines and Philippines building; its basic units Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in 15. Vexillary Items Luneta, Manila; - national, local house Aguinaldo Shrine in flags or administrative Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain and corporate Shrine in Malolos, organization’s banner Bulacan; the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, THE NATIONAL FLAG Libingan ngmga Bayani; Mausuleo de los A. Design of the National Beteranos dela Flag Revolucion; all - SECTION 4. The flag of International Ports of the Philippines shall be Entry and all other blue, white and red with places as maybe an eight-rayed designated by the golden-yellow sun and Institute. three five-pointed - The flag shall be stars, as consecrated properly illuminated at and honored by the night. people. - SECTION 7. The flag B. Hoisting and Display of shall also be displayed the National Flag in private buildings and - SECTION 5. The flag residences or raised in shall be displayed in the open flag-staffs in all public buildings, front of said buildings official residences, every April 9 (Araw public plazas, and ngKagitingan); May 1 institutions of learning (Labor Day); May 28  (National Flag Day) to singing of the June 12 (Independence Philippine National Day); last Sunday of Anthem. August (National Heroes - SECTION 21. During the Day); November 30 flag-raising ceremony, (Bonifacio Day); and the assembly shall stand December 30 (Rizal Day); in formation racing the and on such other days flag. At the moment the as may be declared by first note of the anthem the President and/or is heard, everyone in local chief executives. the premises shall come to attention; moving - The flag may also be vehicles shall stop. All displayed throughout the persons present shall year in private :.ace their right palms buildings or offices or over their chests, those raised in the open on with hats shall uncover, flag-staffs in front of while those in military, private buildings: scouting, security Provided, that they guard, and citizens observe flag-raising military training ceremonies in accordance uniforms shall give with the rules and :.-.£ salute prescribed regulations to be issued by their regulations, by the Office of the which salute shall be President. completed upon the last note of the anthem. C. Conduct of Flag Raising Ceremony D. Half-Mast - SECTION 18. All - SECTION 23. The flag government offices and shall be flown at educational institutions half-mast as a sign of shall henceforth observe mourning on all the flag-raising buildings and places ceremony every Monday where it is displayed, morning and the flag as provided for in this lowering ceremony every Act, on the day of Friday afternoon. The official announcement of ceremony shall be simple the death of any of the and dignified and shall following officials: include the playing or  a. The President or a RULE When positioning the former President, for flag, the white triangle must ten (10) days; be at the head of the casket b. The Vice-President, the while the blue field must Chief Justice, the cover the right side. To President of the Senate, prevent the flag from falling and the Speaker of the off, a black band may be House of wrapped along the side of the Representatives, for casket. seven (7) days; and c. Other persons to be F. Pledge to the Flag determined by the - SEC. 29 The following Institute, for any shall be the Pledge of period less than seven Allegiance to the (7) days. National Flag: - This pledge should be - During calamities and recited right after disasters, National Flag singing the National shall also be flown at Anthem with right palm half-mast open and shoulder raised high. E. Casket - SEC. 28 The National G. PROHIBITED ACTS Flag may be used to - SEC. 39 It is cover the caskets of the prohibited: dead honored men a. To mutilate, (military, veterans of deface, defile, previous wars, National trample on, cast Artists and other contempt, or commit civilians) who rendered any act or omission noble service to our casting dishonor or nation. It should not ridicule upon the touch the ground but National Flag or must be folded solemnly over its surface; and handed it to the b. To dip the National heirs of the deceased. Flag to any person No object must be placed or object by way of on top of it except for compliment or the religious objects salute; that symbolizes “God c. To use National above the country”. Flag  1. As drapery, festoon, h. To display in public any tablecloth; foreign flag, except in 2. As covering for embassies and other ceilings, walls, statues or diplomatic establishments, other objects; and in offices of 3. As a pennant in the international organizations; hood, side, back and top of i. To use or display or be motor vehicles; part of any advertisement or 4. As a staff or whip; infomercial; and j. To display the National d. To display the Flag in front of buildings or National Flag: offices occupied by aliens. 1. Under any painting or picture; H. NATIONAL ANTHEM 2. Horizontally. It shall - SEC. 40 -41 The National always be hoisted aloft Anthem should be and be allowed to fall interpreted in freely; accordance with the 3. Below any platform; or musical arrangement and 4. In discotheques, composition of Julian cockpits, night and day Felipe with its original clubs, casinos, gambling lyrics and tempo. joints and places of vice or where frivolity I. SEC. 45 The Philippine prevails. National Motto is - Maka diyos e. To wear the National Flag - Maka tao in whole or in part as a - Maka kalikasan costume or uniform; - At makabansa f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, J. NATIONAL COAT-OF-ARMS drawings, advertisement, or (SAGISAG NG PILIPINAS) imprint of any nature on the - SEC. 46 The National National Flag; Coat-of-Arms shall have: g. To print, paint or attach Paleways of two (2) representation of the pieces, azure and gules; National Flag on a chief argent studded handkerchiefs, napkins, with three (3) mullets cushions, and articles of equidistant from each merchandise; other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over  all the sun rayonnant with eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,” inscribed thereon. The eight-rayed sun symbolizes the eight provinces (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga and Tarlac) which were placed under martial law by Governor-General Ramón Blanco during the Philippine Revolution, and the three five-pointed stars representing the three primary geographic regions of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. K. THE GREAT SEAL - The Great Seal should be in circular form with the same descriptions with the National Coat-of-Arms but without the scroll and the inscription “Republika ng Pilipinas”. It should be surrounded by a double marginal circle which “Republika ng Pilipinas” should appear. The Great Seal should also bear the National Motto.