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CARANDANG, ANGEL CHLOE M. Lesson 1 - Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP Bill of Rights (Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution) Bayanihan (Traditional Filipino Service) - A Filipino traditio...

CARANDANG, ANGEL CHLOE M. Lesson 1 - Historical and Legal Bases of NSTP Bill of Rights (Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution) Bayanihan (Traditional Filipino Service) - A Filipino tradition emphasizing community 1. Due Process and Equal Protection : No one shall be participation, democracy, and cooperation for the benefit deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of of an individual or the entire community. law. 2. Protection Against Unreasonable Searches : Polos y Servicios (Spanish Colonial Administration) Individuals are protected from unreasonable searches, - During the Spanish era, Filipinos were compelled to with warrants issued only on probable cause. work on public projects like building churches, roads, and 3. Privacy of Communication : Privacy is inviolable except ships through a labor system where able-bodied men aged under lawful circumstances. 16-60 were required to serve. 4. Freedom of Speech and Assembly : Freedom of speech, expression, and peaceful assembly is protected. Constitutional Mandate (1987 Constitution) 5. Freedom of Religion : The state cannot establish a - Article 2, Section 4: The government’s duty is to serve religion or restrict its free practice. and protect its citizens, who may be required to render 6. Liberty of Abode : Individuals have freedom of military or civil service. residence, subject to lawful orders. - Article 2, Section 13: The youth play a vital role in 7. Right to Public Information : People have the right to nation-building, and the state promotes their physical, access information on public matters. moral, intellectual, and social well-being, encouraging 8. Right to Form Unions : Individuals can form unions or involvement in public and civic affairs. associations. 9. Compensation for Private Property : Private property National Service Training Program (NSTP) cannot be taken for public use without just compensation. - Established on 5 January 2000 under Republic Act 10. No Impairment of Contracts : Laws cannot impair the 9163, NSTP is a civic education and defense obligation of contracts. preparedness program requiring college students to 11. Access to Courts for the Poor : Free access to courts undergo one of three components for two semesters: shall not be denied due to poverty. - Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS): Focuses on 12. Rights of the Accused : Individuals under social welfare activities. investigation have the right to remain silent and have legal - Literacy Training Service (LTS): Trains students in counsel. literacy and numeracy education for youth. 13. Right to Bail : The right to bail cannot be impaired, - Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC): Provides even when the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. military training for national defense preparedness. 14. Due Process in Criminal Cases : No one shall be tried - ROTC graduates join the Citizen Armed Force, while without due process. CWTS and LTS graduates join the National Service 15. Suspension of Habeas Corpus : Only in cases of Reserve Corps. invasion or rebellion can habeas corpus be suspended. 16. Right to Speedy Disposition : Individuals have the Legal Precedents to NSTP right to a speedy resolution of cases. - Commonwealth Act No. 1 (1935): Mandated military 17. Protection from Self-Incrimination : No one is service for male citizens aged 18-30. compelled to testify against themselves. - Presidential Decree No. 1706 (1980): Made national 18. Protection from Political Detention : Detention cannot service obligatory for all Filipinos. be based solely on political beliefs. - Republic Act 7077: BatStateU - National Service 19. Ban on Excessive Fines and Cruel Punishments : Training Program 1 – CWTS/LTS Excessive fines or cruel punishments, including the death Reverist Act penalty, are restricted. Lesson 2 - Philippine Constitution, Preamble and Bill of 20. No Imprisonment for Debt : Imprisonment for debt or Rights failure to pay taxes is prohibited. 21. Double Jeopardy : No one can be tried twice for the Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution same offense. “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of 22. No Ex Post Facto Laws : No retroactive laws or bills Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society of attainder shall be enacted. and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and Duties and Responsibilities of Filipino Citizens develop our patrimony, and secure ourselves and posterity 1. Loyalty to the Republic : Citizens should show pride, the blessings of independence and democracy under the faith, and love for the country. rule of law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, 2. Defense of the State : Citizens must defend the nation equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this in times of peril. constitution”. 3. Contribution to State Development : By paying taxes, cooperating in government activities, and promoting social justice, citizens contribute to the welfare of the state. 8. Right to Legal Recourse : Violations of fundamental 4. Obedience to Laws and the Constitution : Citizens rights can be legally challenged. must uphold the Constitution and obey laws. 9. Protection from Arbitrary Arrest : No arbitrary arrest, 5. Cooperation with Authorities : Citizens should work detention, or exile. with lawful authorities. 10. Fair Public Trials : The right to a fair and public 6. Responsible Exercise of Rights : Rights should be hearing by an impartial tribunal. exercised with respect for others. 7. Engaging in Gainful Work : Every citizen should strive Other Significant Rights : for productive work to ensure a dignified life. 8. Voting : Voting is essential for expressing the people's - Right to Asylum (Article 14) : Protection from will and choosing responsible leaders. persecution. - Right to Nationality (Article 15) : Right to citizenship Duties and Rights of the Filipino People : and changing nationality. 1. Duties : - Freedom of Thought (Article 18) : Right to belief, - Vote wisely, obey laws, respect authority, remain loyal to religion, and conscience. the Republic, defend the country, pay taxes, and stay - Freedom of Opinion and Expression (Article 19) : Right engaged in public affairs. to express and receive ideas. 2. Rights : - Right to Work (Article 23) : Fair employment conditions - Natural Rights : Inherent rights granted by God (e.g., and equal pay. right to life, love, and marriage). - Right to Education (Article 26) : Free and compulsory - Civil Rights : Rights granted by the state for individual elementary education. welfare (e.g., right to own property). - Political Rights : Rights enabling participation in Responsibilities and Limits : government (e.g., suffrage, free speech). - Rights are subject to limits set by law, public morality, - Constitutional Rights : Rights protected by the and general welfare (Article 29). Constitution (e.g., freedom from slavery). - No one can use rights to harm others or violate the UN - Statutory Rights : Rights established by law, such as principles (Article 30). inheritance or minimum wage. Human Rights Issues in the Philippines : Lesson 3 - United Nations Principles on Human Rights 1. Drug War : Accusations of extrajudicial killings during the Duterte administration's anti-drug campaign. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2. Death Penalty : Efforts to reinstate capital punishment, Adopted by the UN in 1948, this declaration provides a opposed by religious groups. universal standard for human rights protection worldwide. 3. Lowering Age of Criminal Liability : Controversy over It includes 30 articles outlining fundamental rights and reducing criminal responsibility for children below 18. freedoms, aiming to promote dignity, equality, and justice 4. Freedom of Expression : Concerns over the closure of for all. ABS-CBN and journalist Maria Ressa's treatment. 5. LGBTQ+ Rights : Divided public opinion on the SOGIE Preamble Summary: Bill addressing LGBTQ+ protections. - Recognizes the dignity and equal rights of all individuals. - Aims to ensure freedom, justice, and peace. Additional Human Rights Information : - Establishes human rights as protected by law to prevent - 1987 Constitution (Article III) : Protects citizens' rights, tyranny. including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural - Highlights the importance of friendly relations among rights. nations and the promotion of human rights by the UN and - Martial Law Victims : Nearly 75,000 filed for its Member States. recognition of human rights violations during Martial Law. Key Articles Summary: Lesson 4 - Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines Reviewer for RA No. 8491 1. Equality and Freedom : All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Philippine Flag: Symbolism 2. Non-Discrimination : Rights apply to everyone, regardless of race, color, sex, religion, etc.  The Philippine flag symbolizes nationalism, 3. Right to Life, Liberty, and Security : Everyone has patriotism, and unity. these fundamental rights.  It is a horizontal bicolor of blue and red, with a 4. Abolition of Slavery : Slavery is prohibited. white equilateral triangle. 5. Freedom from Torture : No one should be subjected to torture or degrading treatment.  Yellow sun with eight rays represents the first 6. Legal Recognition : Everyone has the right to be eight provinces to revolt against Spain. recognized before the law.  Three five-pointed stars symbolize Luzon, 7. Equality Before the Law : All are entitled to equal Visayas, and Mindanao. protection under the law.   Blue on top signifies peace, red on top indicates war. Flag History Prohibited Acts  Conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo.  First sewn in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, 1. Defacing or ridiculing the flag (e.g., adding marks her daughter Lorenza, and Dona Delfina Herbosa or dipping in salute). de Natividad. 2. Using the flag as drapery, festoon, or tablecloth.  Unique flag: Blue displayed during peace, red during war. 3. Using the flag as a trademark, commercial/agricultural label. Flag Construction 4. Displaying the flag in advertisements or merchandise. 5. Using the flag as a pennant on motor vehicles.  Aspect ratio: 1:2 (length is twice the width).  The white triangle’s sides are equal to the width of the flag. Other Rules for Display  Each star's tip points toward the corresponding vertex of the triangle. 1. Naval vessels: Display at the stern when at anchor, hoist to the gaff when at sea. Flag Protocol 2. Aircraft: Display the flag horizontally on the fuselage with the hoist side forward.  Display daily at government buildings, schools, 3. Flagpoles: Should not be taller than the etc. Independence Flagpole at Rizal Park (107 feet).  Flag days: May 28 (National Flag Day) and June 12 (Independence Day). Lesson 5 - Good Citizenship Values  Permanently hoisted and illuminated at notable locations such as: 1. Citizenship o Malacañang Palace  Definition: Citizenship refers to membership in a o Congress buildings (Senate and House of political society, which involves a mutual duty of Representatives) allegiance (from the citizen) and protection (from o Supreme Court the State). o Rizal Monument, etc.  Importance: It provides protection, identity, education, job opportunities, and other rights as Half-mast Rules per existing laws.  Flag flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning: 2. Preamble of the 1987 Constitution o 10 days for a president or former  Summary: The Preamble expresses the Filipino president. people's commitment to building a just, humane o 7 days for the Vice President, Chief society and establishing a government rooted in Justice, Senate President, or Speaker of ideals like truth, justice, freedom, equality, and the House. peace. It emphasizes independence and o NHCP determines periods for other democracy under the rule of law. officials. 3. Citizen  Procedure: Hoist to the peak briefly before lowering to half-mast.  Definition: A citizen is someone who holds citizenship and enjoys full civil and political rights Folding the Flag while being protected by the state.  Types of Philippine Citizens (Article IV, Section 1): 1. Taut hold: Hold all four corners, keeping tension. 2. First fold: Red field covers the blue. 1. Those who were citizens at the time of the Constitution's adoption. 3. Second fold: Blue field shows after folding. 2. Those born to Filipino parents, or those 4. Triangular folds: Fold continuously into right born before January 17, 1973, to Filipino triangles until the flag is a compact bundle with the white triangle and yellow sun visible.  mothers and elect citizenship at the age o Plebiscite, referendum, initiative, recall. of majority. 3. Naturalized individuals, as per law. 4. Great Ideal of Every Citizen: Patriotism 3. Right of Suffrage  Patriotism: Love of country is the highest ideal for Suffrage is the right to vote, protected in: a citizen, achieved through positive nationalism and defense of sovereignty. o Universal Declaration of Human Rights  Loyalty: Second to loyalty to God is loyalty to the (UDHR), country, which should be based on love and o International Covenant on Civil and respect, not material gain or compulsion. Political Rights, o The 1987 Philippine Constitution. 5. Filipino Citizen’s Loyalty Principles:  Objects of Loyalty: Filipinos should show loyalty to their country, superiors, principles, the flag, and o Universal access to voting, their word of honor. o Equality in voting,  Cultural Unity: Despite physical differences, o Secrecy of voters. Filipinos are united by a love for their nation and pride in their cultural heritage, especially their 4. Qualifications to Vote in the Philippines courage and love of freedom.  a) Citizen of the Philippines. 6. Acquiring Citizenship  b) At least 18 years old on election day.  c) Resident for 1 year in the Philippines and at  Two Principles: least 6 months in the locality. 1. Jus Soli (Right of the Soil): Citizenship by 5. Qualifications to Vote Overseas (Under Absentee place of birth. Voting Law) 2. Jus Sanguinis (Right of Blood): Citizenship based on parentage.  a) Filipino citizens abroad.  b) At least 18 years old on election day.  Special Cases: A baby born in U.S. airspace or  c) Immigrants with an affidavit of intent to return. within 12 nautical miles of the U.S. automatically  d) Permanent residents with an affidavit to acquires U.S. citizenship regardless of their resume residence. parents’ nationality. 6. Disqualifications to Vote Lesson 6 – Voter Citizenship Education  a) Individuals sentenced to prison for more than 1 1. What is Election? year.  b) Those convicted of rebellion, sedition, anti-  Definition: An election is the process by which subversion, or crimes against national security. citizens choose their officials for fixed terms. It  c) Persons declared insane or incompetent. ensures that the people’s choice of government is regularly reviewed and renewed. 7. Frequency of Elections 2. Types of Electoral Exercises  a) National and local elections: Every second Monday of May every three years (since 1992).  a) Regular Elections: o Presidential elections: Every six years. o National, local, barangay, Autonomous o Midterm elections: When the president Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), and vice president are not elected. Sangguniang Kabataan (SK).  b) Barangay and SK elections: Every last Monday  b) Special Elections: of October, every three years (frequent postponements).   c) ARMM elections: Every three years since 1993. 8. Action Points for Citizen-Voters Before Elections: o Register to vote. o Educate yourself on candidates and issues. o Engage in public debates and discussions. During Elections: o Vote according to your conscience. o Watch for election irregularities. o Volunteer for organizations promoting clean elections. After Elections: o Monitor vote counting and canvassing. o Participate in public hearings and consultations. o Engage in legislative advocacy. 9. The Election Process  Steps: 1. Registration day. 2. Revision day. 3. Voters list. 4. Casting votes. 5. Counting votes. 6. Preparation and distribution of election returns. 7. Proclamation of winning candidates. 10. Citizen-Voter Participation in Political Affairs  a) Initiative and Referendum: Citizens propose, reject, or approve laws directly.  b) Plebiscite: Citizens approve or reject constitutional changes or local issues.  c) Sectoral Representation: The party-list system allows sectoral groups to be represented in Congress and local government units.  d) Local Special Bodies: Ordinary citizens can join health boards, school boards, peace councils, etc.