Animal Health Unit V PDF

UNIT V – ANIMAL HEALTH ANSCI 1100 LEC Animal Health – physical and physiological well-being of an animal Disease – deviation from normal health with marked physiological, anatomical or chemical changes in the animal body -Infectious – caused by living organisms, can be transmitte...

UNIT V – ANIMAL HEALTH ANSCI 1100 LEC Animal Health – physical and physiological well-being of an animal Disease – deviation from normal health with marked physiological, anatomical or chemical changes in the animal body -Infectious – caused by living organisms, can be transmitted by direct or indirect -Contagious – transmitted (direct or indirect) -Non-infectious – caused by factors other than living organisms (metabolic (nutrition), mechanical (fractures) or lesions ( wounds, cuts)  Causative Agents Bacteria – small, single-celled plant cocci,(round or oval), bacilli (rod-shaped) or spirilla (long twisted) Virus – very small, can be seen in electron microscope, live on entirely parasitic existence invading cells of other organisms Protozoa – single-celled animals, larger than bacteria, can be seen under ordinary microscope Parasites – live in or on other organisms or animals referred to as hosts (ectoparasites: ticks, mites, fleas, lice)(endoparasites:flukes,flatworms,roundworms Fungi – microscopic plants (example, ringworm)  Diseases According to Duration Acute – start quickly and run a short course Chronic – those that runs for an indefinite time Sub-acute – clinical signs are shown Per-acute – destroy animal before clinical signs are seen Morbidity and Mortality Morbidity – number of animals in a herd or flock affected by the disease but do not die Mortality – number of animals dying from the disease Immunity – capacity of all animals to resist infection Natural- immunity arises without man’s assistance artificial- immunity developed after man’s intervention Disinfection – converting a place or object from a potentially infective state into one, which is free from infection Animal Hygiene – means of controlling and preventing disease: isolation of sick animals, Quarantine – movement of animal is restricted to a designated area  Bacterial Diseases 1. Anthrax Causative agent: Bacillus anthracis Animal affected: cattle,buffalo and all mammals 2. Pullorum (Salmonellosis) Causative agent: Salmonella pullorum Transmission: in egg and direct contact 3. Tetanus Causative agent: Clostridium tetani Predisposing factors: surgical operation, wounds 4. Brucellosis (Bang’s Disease or contagious abortion) Causative agent: Brucella abortus (cattle), B. melitensis (goat/sheep) B.suis (swine) B. canis (dog)  Viral Diseases. Hog cholera or Swine fever 1 Causative agent: Pestivirus 2. Rabies Causative agent: Lyssavirus Viral entry thru bits, existing wounds and mucus membrane 3. Transmissible gastro-enteritis Causative agent: Coronavirus Animals affected: Swine 4. Foot and Mouth Disease Aphthovirus (cloven footed animals are affected) 5. Fowl pox Avipoxvirus (direct contact, mosquito bites) 6. Infectious bursal disease Birnavirus (affected animal: poultry) 7. Avian influenza Orthomyxovirus 8. Newcastle disease Paramyxovirus 9.Pseudorabies (aujeszky’s or mad itch disease) Herpesvirus (Cattle, goat,sheep, swine, horse)  Nutritional Diseases 1. Rickets -disease of the skeletal system of young animals (deficiency in vitamin D, Ca) 2. Osteomalacia -deficient bone calcification in mature animals (vit. D, Ca) 3. Anemia -Iron (Fe) deficiency, ↓number of RBC or hemoglobin in the bloodstream 4. Xeropthalmia -form of conjunctivitis; dry, lusterless eyes -deficiency of vitamin A