Johne's Disease, Ruminant Diseases PDF

552 Chapter 8 Diseases of the Alimentary Tract-Ruminant ruminants, and possibly wildlife. In contrast of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates,...

552 Chapter 8 Diseases of the Alimentary Tract-Ruminant ruminants, and possibly wildlife. In contrast of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates, LesionsChronic ranulomatous enteritis, a higher degree of genetic heterogencity and avoid sudden ration changes. regional lymphangitis, and lymphadeniti_. among MAP isolates recovered from human Test forage for presence of C. perfringens Diagnostic confirmation Presence of and ovine sources has been reported. Exten and A. fumigatus. intestinal lesion and identification of sive analyses of the IS900 restriction frag Consider administering autogenous vaccincs organism. Positive serologic test. ment length polymorphism (RFLP)patterns containing C perfringens type A from an have identified that Johne's disease in cattle affected case on the farm; commercially Treatment No specific treat1ment of and other species such as goats and rabbits is available vaccines targeting C. perfringens significant value. associated with indistinguishable strains. types C and D are very unlikely to be effica Control ldentify and eliminate inically and cious based on current knowledge. Ihere is subclinically infected animals from the Bovine strains infect cattle, goats, and deer, no published randomized clinical trial dem herd. Prevent introduction of infected and rarely sheep. onstrating vaccine efficacy, and the role of C animals into the herd. Prevent exposure of perfringens type A as a primary agent is calves and young stock to MAP through EPIDEMIOLOGY questioned. contact with fecal material of infected Occurrence_ animals. Improve management and hygiene The disease occurs worldwide most com FURTHER READING to minimize spread of infection in herd monly in cattle and to a lesser extent in sheep Elhanafy MM, Prench DD, Braun U. Understanding with emphasis on avojding infection of and goats. Paratuberculosis is widespread in jejunal hemorrhage syndrome. J Am Vet Med Asoc. newborn calves. cattle in Europe and has been spread to many 2013;243:352. countries by the export of infected clinically Differential diagnosis list normal purebred stock. The incidence is REFERENCES 1. Anderson BC. Vet Rec. 1991;128:619. Diarrhea in adult cattle greatest in animals kept intensively under 2. Ruggles AJ, et al. Cornell Vet. 1992;82:181. Intestinal parasitism (ostertagiasis) climatic and husbandry conditions as is Salmonellosis common in dairy herds. Only a few coun 3. Constable PD, ct al. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1990;196:329. Secondary copper deficiengy tries in the world have no record of diag 4. Ceci L, et al. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. Emaciation)in adult cattle nosed paratuberculosis in ruminants, 2006:53:518. Chronic traumatic reticuloperitonitis making this condition a globally endemic S. Schlegel BJ,et al. Can J Vet Res. 2012;76:248. Malnutrition disease in livestock. During thelast century 6. Baincs D, et al. BMV Vet Res. 2011;7:24. Pyelonephritis MAP spread globally from Western Europe. 7. Peek SE,et al. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009;234:1308. Lymphosarcoma 8. Adaska JM, et al. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2014;26:96. Increasing incidences in eastern European Amyloidosis countries over the past decades were attrib 9. Owaki S, et al. J Vet Med Sci. 2015;77:879. 10. Braun U, et al. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. AGID, agar gel immunodiffusion,; E complement uted to intensifying lifeanimal trade after the 2010;152:515. fixation; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent fall of the "Iron Curtain" and eastward exten 11. Braun U, et al. Vet Rec. 2010;166:79. assay: MAP Mycobacterium avium subspecies sion of the EU. paratuberculosis. 12. Abutarbush SM, Radostits OM. Can Vet J. Paratuberculosis was first confirmed in 2005;46:711. Australia in 1980 and is now considered endemic in Victoria and in the dairy popula ETIOLOGY) tion of New South Wales. Western Australia The causative agent of paratuberculosis in in contrast is considered free of paratubercu PARATUBERCULOSIS (JOHNE'S ruminantsis Mycobacterium avium subspe losis. Similarly, paratuberculosis is now L DISEASE): CATTLE cies paratuberculosis(MAP), aslow growing endemic in dairy cattle in New Zealand. Data acid-fast aerobic microorganisn forming over the prevalence of this condition in part of the M. avium complex. Althougha Africa are scant, but paratuberculosis was SYNOPSIS MAP an obligate íntracellular pathogen diagnosed at least incidentally in most requiring a host for replication, its tenacity African countries. Clinical and subclinical Etiology Mycobacterium avium subspecies allows it to survive for longer than 1 year in,, cases have also been reported from Mexico, paratuberculosis (MAP). the environment. MAP has been subdivided Brazil, and Argentina. Epidemiology Occurs in cattle, sheep, goats into two main lineages designated as th