Theories of Personality Development (PDF)

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY Sigmund Freud ◦Topographical theory ◦Structural theory ◦Theory of psychosexual development ◦Theory of instincts Topographical theory of mind Three layers or levels of mind ◦ Conscious ◦ Preconscious ◦ Unconscious  Conscious m...

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY Sigmund Freud ◦Topographical theory ◦Structural theory ◦Theory of psychosexual development ◦Theory of instincts Topographical theory of mind Three layers or levels of mind ◦ Conscious ◦ Preconscious ◦ Unconscious  Conscious mind ◦ Top portion of mind ◦ Tip of the iceberg ◦ 1/10th of total mind ◦ Contains ideas thoughts, images etc that we are aware of at any moment Preconscious ◦ Just beneath conscious ◦ All dormant, untapped information which can be easily brought to level of consciousness ◦ All experience, knowledge gained or learned. Unconscious ◦ Deepest but most important part. ◦ Vast part of mental life that is hidden ◦ Come up to above layers in disguised form ◦ a/c to Freud responsible for most of our behavior. Structural theory of mind Psychic apparatus is made up of three structures. ◦ Id ◦ Ego ◦ Super ego  Id ◦ Animal in man ◦ Present at birth ◦ Seated in unconscious (Largest part of unconsciousness ) ◦ Source of all mental energy ◦ Present at birth ◦ Has qualities of a spoiled child ◦ Knows no reality, follows no rule ◦ Follows pleasure principle Super ego ◦ Direct antithesis of id ◦ Represents ethical & moral aspect of psyche ◦ Referred to as conscience ◦ Develops by age of 5 yrs. ◦ Also seated in unconscious ◦ Qualities of Idealistic grand father ◦ Uses guilt and pride to facilitate compliance with social norms. ◦ Works on perfection principle  Ego ◦ Extends through all three layers of mind ◦ Largest part of consciousness mind but at least half of it is preconscious. ◦ Acts as intermediary ◦ Functions like police man ◦ Exercises balancing role ◦ Acts with intelligence ◦ Control, select & decide what demands of Id have to be fulfilled and what to avoid ◦ Follows reality principle  Psycho sexual theory of personality development ◦ Oral phase (0-18 months) ◦ Anal phase (18mnths-3yrs) ◦ Phallic phase (3-5 yrs) ◦ Latency phase (6yrs-puberty) ◦ Genital phase (Puberty-adulthood) (first three phases called pre-genital, latency is a transition phase) Psychosexual development Psychoanalytic therapy Relevance to health care professionals ◦ Explanation to many complex human processes ◦ Role of Child hood experiences in personality and psychopathology ◦ Knowledge of influence of levels & components of mind on behavior ◦ Better understanding of patient’s problems ◦ Emphasizes active listening to pick up underlying themes