Unit 3 Slide Notes PDF

US IMPERIALISM: THE US EXPANDS AN EMPIRE Imperialism defined: ▣ Imperialism: the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and/or military control over weaker territories ◼ Africa: Other worlds’ empires had already made it incred...

US IMPERIALISM: THE US EXPANDS AN EMPIRE Imperialism defined: ▣ Imperialism: the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and/or military control over weaker territories ◼ Africa: Other worlds’ empires had already made it incredibly difficult to get in Not as desirable because of Europeans’ struggles with native peoples ◼ China: US is late to the game Open Door Policy: It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity John Hay (Sec. of State) to G. Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia ◼ South America Monroe Doctrine (1823) 🢝 Policy of US opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere Why Imperialize? ▣ Economic Interests ◼ Capitalism runs on the idea of ‘expand or explode’ ◼ The US is producing more than it can sell to its people. ◼ Thirst for new markets (countries to purchase goods) and raw materials (ie rubber, oil, sugar) ▣ Military Strategy ◼ Great White Fleet: T. Roosevelt’s new navy ◼ Capt. Alfred Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon History Powerful navy and overseas bases were essential for national security and global interest ▣ Cultural superiority ◼ It was the duty to spread democracy and Christianity to ‘lesser’ cultures ◼ “Is there room for reasonable doubt that this race, unless devitalized by alcohol and tobacco, is destined to dispossess many weaker races, assimilate others, and mold the remainder, until, in a very true and important sense, it has Anglo-Saxonized mankind?” (Strong,. Rev. Josiah, Our Country: Its Possible Future) ◼ White Man’s Burden: Rudyard Kipling’s most famous poem highlighting the benefits of imperialism on native countries Resources: 49th State ▣ Alaskan Purchase (1867) ◼ William Seward (Sec. of State) ◼ 663,000 sq. mi. from Russia for $7.2 million ($125 million today) ◼ Ridiculed for it. Called “Seward’s Folly”, “Seward’s Icebox” ◼ Provides: timber, oil, minerals (gold), natural gas Why Hawiia? ▣ Location ◼ Naval port in middle of Pacific ▣ Missionaries wanted the souls ▣ Climate/resources ◼ Sugar in demand ▣ World pressure ◼ Russia, Japan, Great Britain were already eyeing it ◼ Concessions (money) already being sent Conquest of Hawiia? ▣ Sugar planters run the show ◼ Consists of ¾ islands wealth ◼ McKinley Tariff: Eliminated duty (tariff)-free status ▣ Queen Liliuokalani v. the US ◼ John L. Stevens & Sanford Dole (tycoons) lead a revolution with private army ◼ Pres. Cleveland feels bad: Sent a new U.S. minister to Hawaii to restore the queen Criticized as obstacle to Manifest Destiny Dole refused to step aside and instead proclaimed the independent Republic of Hawaii. unwilling to overthrow the government by force, he accepted Hawaii as US territory Pres cleveland  WW1 Main Causes for WW1 M-militarism A-alliances I-imperialism N-nationalism Militarism New military technologies Arms race between countries Glorification of war Alliances Agreements to aide each other if Attacked Most nations sign secret alliances Allies & Central Powers Imperialism Competition for colonies Many smaller wars over territory Nationalism French-German border conflicts Ethnic nationalism in the Balkans America joining war Most of America is isolationist President Wilson campaigns on keeping America out of war Sinking of Lusitania Germany declared “unrestricted submarine warfare” Lusitania sunk by German U-boat in 1915 Kills 1000 & 130 Americans The zimmerman telegram Secret message from Germany to Mexico Proposes an alliance against the US Mexico would declare war on America and get lost territory after victory Causes an outrage in America ***Congress officially declared war on Germany in April 1917. The 14 points 1. Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a long lasting peace 2. Conflicts with Europeans desire to punish Germany The treaty of Versaille Germany 1. …forced to accept full responsibility for war 2. …loses all its territories 3. …must pay reparation payments to the Allies 4. … must only have a very limited military Mandate System 1. Great Britain and France divide up Middle East 2. British take Iraq, Jordan, and Palestine 3. France takes Syria and Lebanon  WW1 Propaganda posters Common Objectives RECRUITMENT OF SOLDIERS OR OTHER WARTIME PERSONNEL, EITHER THROUGH A DRAFT OR VOLUNTARY ENLISTMENT. FINANCING THE WAR EFFORT THROUGH THE SALE OF WAR BONDS—LOANS FROM CITIZENS TO THE GOVERNMENT—OR NEW TAXES. ELIMINATING DISSENT AND UNIFYING THE COUNTRY BEHIND THE WAR EFFORT. CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES—SUCH AS FOOD, OIL, AND STEEL—NECESSARY TO WAGE WAR. INCREASE FACTORY PRODUCTION OF WAR MATERIALS About George Cree, former muckraker - Committee on Public Information INFORMATION SUCH AS POSTERS AND PAMPHLETS CREATED BY GOVERNMENTS IN ORDER TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION APPEALS TO EMOTION RATHER THAN REASON Imperialism & World War 1 Review 1. What does imperialism mean? 2. What were the reasons for the United States to imperialize? 3. Story of Hawaii in your words ○ Why Hawaii? ○ What causes Hawaii to become a territory? 4. What is Yellow Journalism? What is its purpose? 5. What were the reasons for the start of the Spanish American War? 6. “Highlights” of the war? 7. What countries did the US collect after the Spanish American War? What are those countries statuses’ now? 8. What were the MAIN causes of World War 1? 9. What is significant about the following factors leading to America joining the Allies? ○ Lusitania and unrestricted submarine warfare: ○ Zimmerman Note: ○ Revolution in Russia: 10. How did America prepare for the war? 11. How involved was the government in overseeing the war effort? What examples do you have? 12. How did Wilson “sell” the war to the American people? 13. How did the US pay for and gain support for the war? 14. What social effects did World War 1 have on people of color and women? 15. What evidence can you provide that shows the US was not favorable to the 1st amendment during WW1? 16. What were the main ideas behind Wilson’s Fourteen points? 17. What were the weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles?