History Quiz.pdf

○ Teddy Roosevelt ○ Asst. Sec. of the Navy Strengthen Pacific squadron under George Dewey ○ Star of the iconic San Juan Hill Rough riders ○ "Speak softly and carry a big stick" ○ Roosevelt Corollary ○ Alfred T. Mahan ○ U.S. naval officer ○ Author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon Hist...

○ Teddy Roosevelt ○ Asst. Sec. of the Navy Strengthen Pacific squadron under George Dewey ○ Star of the iconic San Juan Hill Rough riders ○ "Speak softly and carry a big stick" ○ Roosevelt Corollary ○ Alfred T. Mahan ○ U.S. naval officer ○ Author of The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Argues that greatest nations in history were those with sea power At minimum, U.S should consider acquiring defensive bases in the Pacific/Caribbean ○ George Dewey ○ Admiral of the U.S. Navy ○ Strengthen Pacific squadron Teddy Roosevelt worked under George Dewey ○ Arthur McArthur ○ Job: capture Emilio Aquinaldo stop rebellion in Philippines ○ Valeriano Weyler ○ Spanish forces, under General Valeriano Weyler, respond by forcing Cuban citizens into concentration camps ○ Emilio Aquinaldo ○ Led the Filipino Rebellion during the Philippine War ○ Queen Lil ○ Nationalist for Hawaii  ○ Think "Hawaii for Hawaiians" tries to return power to Native Hawaiians particularly through voting rights ○ Reign will be short lived ○ 1893 American rebellion (organized by ambassador John I Stevens and backed up by U.S marines ○ "Rebels request annexation by U.S. government ○ Forced to give up throne ○ King Kamehameha I ○ Welcomes American settlers ○ American missionaries will begin to arrive in Hawaii ○ William McKinley ○ Grover Cleveland ○ Proclaimed neutrality (U.S. involvement with Cuba), but policy changes with election of William McKinley (1896) ○ The Rough Riders ○ Calvary unit ○ Commanded by Leonard Wood ○ Star: Teddy Roosevelt Legislation/Policy/Writings 1. Platt Amendment (1901 set up; 1903 annex) 2. Cuba cannot negotiate compromising treaties 3. U.S maintains right to intervene in Cuban affairs 4. U.S can buy/lease lands for military (Guantanamo Bay) 5. Teller Amendment (1898) 6. States that the U.S has no designs on taking over Cuba 7. BUT U.S. military stays in Cuba until 1902 to "prepare them" 8. Positives: infrastructures, improvements in schools, hospitals, and govt. 9. Foraker Act 10. Ends military rule in Puerto Rico 11. Forms colonial govt. American governor Bicameral legislature Upper House: U.S. appointee Lower House: elected by Puerto Ricans 12. Monroe Doctrine 13. Foreign policy statement that was first outlined by President James Monroe in his annual address to Congress 1823 14. Warned European powers against interfering in the Western Hemisphere and established separate spheres of influence for Europe and the Americans. 15. Jones Act (1917) 16. Puerto Rico becomes U.S. territory 17. Puerto Ricans become U.S. citizens 18. Roosevelt Corollary 19. U.S. can intervene in the domestic affairs of its neighbors if they are unable to maintain order on their own 20. Extension of the Monroe Doctrine 21. Involves U.S in several Caribbean disputes 22. deLome Letter 23. Letter written by Spanish Ambassador to the United States by Dupuy de Lome 24. Published in New York Journal on February 9, 1898 25. Critized President McKinley and his policies in Cuba, and helped fuel public support for war with Sain 26. Letter stating that President McKinley was weak 27. Yellow Journalism 28. "Yellow" journalism can sell papers in a hurry as editors (William Randolph Hearst and Joesph Pulitzer) are aware 29. Journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration 30. Perception management 31. Treaty of Paris (1898)  32. Spain recognized Cuban independence 33. Spain cedes Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S. 34. Open Door Policy/Notes 35. Respect rights and privileges in each sphere 36. Chinese officials collect tariffs in each sphere 37. Avoid discrimination in levying taxes 38. Suppression of Boxer Rebellion will legitimizes the "Notes" 39. England France Germany Russia United States 40. Annexation Locations/Battles/Incidents ○ Pearl Harbor ○ America wants to test out new navy ○ 1887: U.S. negotiated a treaty to open a naval base ○ Used as refueling/resupplying station ○ Havana ○ San Juan Hill ○ The media darlings were a unit known as the Rough Riders ○ Technically they were commanded by Leonard Wood, but the star of the show was Teddy Roosevelt ○ His fame rests on a bold (i.e.. Totally reckless) charge up kettle - minor part of the large battle for San Juan Hill ○ By mid-July Spanish ground forces surrendered American forces in Puerto Rico ○ August 12th: U.S. accepts end to war Treaty of Paris ○ U.S.S. Maine ○ Blows up  ○ Still unknown who ○ Leads to Spanish American War ○ War hysteria will sweep the nation ○ "Remember the Maine!" ○ Boxer Rebellion ○ China's rebel group ○ Panama Canal ○ America England both had interest in a canal across Central America Targets for Expansion 1. Hawaii 2. Important port of call on the route to China and Japan 3. Americans begin to living in Hawaii Welcomed by King Kamehameha I 4. William Hooper - sets up sugan plantation Land is split to make more $$ Creates a problems with the native Hawaiian society 5. Infectious disease from mainland 6. Christianity will start to replace Native religions 7. American commercial society spreads 8. Government morphs into a Constitutional monarchy American officials dominate Hawaiian politics (1887) - U.S negotiated a treaty to open a naval base at Pearl Harbor 9. Hawaiians resist Queen Lil takes throne for two years 10. (1893) American rebellion 11. "Rebels" request annexation by U.S. government  Delegation sent to Washington to negotiate annexation but a mess President Harrison signs annexation agreement prior to leaving President Cleveland refused to sign it (rebellion was contrived and didn't represent Hawaiians) President McKinley finally annexed Hawaii 12. Cuba 13. Spanish "Empire" is in name only … there is not very much left 14. U.S. is sympathetic to Cuba, but is not in a rush to intervene (Monroe Doctrine 15. Many Cuban-Americans will voice support for the Cuban Revolutionary Party by Jose Marti 16. (1865) Cubans take a more aggressive approach to Spanish rule things get vicious Lead to concentration camps led by General Weyler 17. (1896) President Cleveland proclaimed neutrality, but policy changes with election of President McKinley 18. President McKinley will speak out against Spanish actions His administration persuades Spain to change some politics Ends concentration camps, limited autonomy, and independence for Cuba Does not follow through (March 1898)President McKinley doesn't want to go to war (so does Spain) Spain does not agree with independence or Cuba 19. (April 1898) President McKinley will ask for and receives war declaration Due to delome letter and explosion of U.S.S Maine 20. Quick: declared in April; over in August Cuban rebels already done damage against the Spanish 21. End to war: Treaty of Paris Recognize Cuban independence, cedes Puerto Rico and Guam to U.S 22. Puerto Rico 23. Part of the Spanish empire during the 1500's 24. Oppose Spanish rule in the same ways the Cubans did, gain concessions 25. BUT… then Spain cedes control to U..  26. Initially the U.S. will use the military to control Puerto Rico Foraker Act Ends military rule Jones Act Puerto Ricans become U.S. citizens 27. A lot of this has to do with ship building and trade (outbreak of WWI) 28. Creates a split society 29. Guam 30. Becomes U.S. territory under Treaty of Paris 31. Philippines 32. Quickly turns into a mess 33. U.S. Navy crushes the Spanish fleet in Philippines as soon as war is declared 34. Within months, Spain will surrender the Philippines capital of Manila 35. President McKinley seems reluctant to annex the Philippines, but that's not completely true 36. Initially Spain doesn't want to give up the Philippines 37. $20 million and U.S. military changes Spain's mind 38. Annexation is another matter; sets off heavy debate in Senate 39. Strength and brutally come into play 40. (1898-1902) Philippine War Tons more Filipinos die compared to U.S causalities U.S. uses same tactics as Spain 41. Gov. William Taft states the military will stay behind "prepare for independence 42. (1946) Philippine become independent 43. Panama -America and England both had interest in a canal across Central America ○ (1901) Hay-Pauncctote Treaty eliminates England as a partner ○ Talks with Columbia hit a couple snags ○ U.S. will back a "Panamanian" rebellion ○ Once Panama becomes "independent" they will negotiate a treaty with the U.S. regarding funding and operation of the canal ○ China ○ Taking over Philippines increase our interest in China ○ U.S. trade relations with China threatened by European Imperialism ○ Looking for "concessions" and "spheres of influence" ○ Leads to Open Door Notes Policy Couldn't use regular imperialism tactics ○ What are the motives for expansion? ○ Trade ○ Open door Notes International trade is immensely important to the economy (1870 U.S. exports $392 million ○ money ○ Resources Sugar plantations in Hawaii