Interpersonal Communication PDF

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION UNIT 3, BU1523 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define perception and explain ways in which you organize perceptual information. Describe the terms self-concept and self-esteem. Discuss how social norms, family, culture, and media influence self-perception....

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION UNIT 3, BU1523 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Define perception and explain ways in which you organize perceptual information. Describe the terms self-concept and self-esteem. Discuss how social norms, family, culture, and media influence self-perception. Give examples of the effect of self-fulfilling prophecies. List three ways to better understand and reach your audience. Explain the importance of being an active listener and active reader.  UNIT 2 REVIEW KAHOOT! PERCEPTION  PERCEPTION Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information. This process includes the perception of select stimuli that pass through your perceptual filters, are organized into your existing structures and patterns, and are then interpreted based on previous experiences. Figure 3.2. Selection, interpretation, and organization that contribute to perception. IMAGE SOURCE SELECTING INFORMATION 1 Salience 2 Visual and Aural Stimulation Salience is the degree to which something Visually and/or aurally stimulating things attracts your attention in a particular context. things become salient in our perceptual field It can be abstract or concrete, and depends on field and get our attention. visual or aural stimulation, needs or interests, and expectations. 3 Needs and Interests 4 Expectations We tend to pay attention to information that We can find expected things salient and find we perceive to meet our needs or interests in things that are unexpected salient. some way. ATTENTION ORGANIZING INFORMATION Proximity Similarity Difference We tend to think that things that We also group things together We organize information based are close together go together. based on similarity. on difference, assuming that the item that looks or acts different from the rest doesn’t belong with the group. INTERPRETATION Selecting and organizing incoming stimuli happens very quickly, and sometimes without much conscious thought Interpretation can be a much more deliberate and conscious step in the perception process. Interpretation is the third part of the perception process, in which you assign meaning to your experiences using mental structures known as schemata. Schemata are like databases of stored, related information that you use to interpret new experiences. Schemata are like lenses that help you make sense of the perceptual cues around you based on previous knowledge and experience. It’s important to be aware of schemata because your interpretations affect your behavior. INTERPRETING INFORMATION SELF-UNDERSTANDING Self-Understanding Is Fundamental to Communication 1 Understanding Your Perspective Understanding your perspective can lend insight to your awareness, the ability to be conscious of events and stimuli. 2 Self-Concept Learning to recognize how your perspective influences your thoughts is a key step in understanding yourself and preparing to communicate with others. 3 Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values Examine your attitudes, beliefs, and values to understand yourself as a communicator. Figure 3.3. Self-concept, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. CAROLE DWECK: MINDSETS Mindset Matters: Shifting From Fixed To Growth! Want to learn more? Click Here CAROLE DWECK “Something that seems like a small intervention can have cascading effects on things we think of as stable or fixed, including extroversion, openness to new experience, and resilience...More and more research is suggesting that, far from being simply encoded in the genes, much of personality is a flexible and dynamic thing that changes over the life span and is shaped by experience.” (Begley, 2008) INTERPRETING INFORMATION: TERMINOLOGY 1 Schemata 2 Self-Efficacy Schemata are like databases of stored, related Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their information that you use to interpret new capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach experiences. specific goals. 3 Self-Concept 4 Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Your self-concept is composed of two main Expectations of people or events can lead to a elements: self-image and self-esteem. self-fulfilling prophecy.  EXAMPLE: CHAIR SCHEMA Source: learningdiscourses.com Source: simplypsychology.org/ GETTING TO KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE GETTING TO KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE Demographic Traits Tailor your message to Improving Your your audience Perceptions of Your Demographic traits refer to the Audience characteristics that make Audiences tend to be interested someone an individual, but that in messages that relate to their Perceiving clearly who your he or she has in common with interests, needs, goals, and audience is, what they are others. motivations. interested in, and what motivates them is important for effective communication. LISTENING AND READING FOR UNDERSTANDING 1 Active Listening and Reading 2 When the Going Gets Tough Choosing to listen or read attentively Strategies to facilitate positive takes effort and can make you a better communication in difficult situations. communicator. THE ICEBERG MODEL Figure 3.4 THE ICEBERG MODEL How to learn more about your audience: How big is the audience? What are their backgrounds, gender, age, jobs, education, and/or interests? Do they already know about your topic? If so, how much? Will other materials be presented or available? If so, what are they, what do they cover, and how do they relate to your message? How much time is allotted for your presentation, or how much space do you have for your written document? Will your document or presentation stand alone or do you have the option of adding visuals, audio-visual aids, or links? Figure 3.4. Iceberg Model Table 3: Perceptual Strategies for Success Perceptual Strategy Explanation You need to actively seek out as much information as possible. Placing yourself in the Become an active perceiver new culture, group, or co-culture can often expand your understanding. You and others perceive the world differently. Recognize that even though you may Recognize each person’s interact with two people from the same culture, they are individuals with their own set unique frame of reference of experiences, values, and interests. Recognize that people, The world is changing and so is each individual. Recognizing that people and cultures, objects, and situations like communication process itself, are dynamic and ever changing can improve your change intercultural communication. Become aware of the role Perception is an important aspect of the communication process. By understanding perceptions play in that your perceptions are not the only ones possible can limit ethnocentrism and communication improve intercultural communication. The adage “A mind is like a parachute—it works best when open” holds true. Being Keep an open mind open to differences can improve intercultural communication. By learning to observe, and acknowledging your perceptions, you can avoid Check your perceptions assumptions, expand your understanding, and improve your ability to communicate across cultures. Listening and Reading for Understanding ACTIVE LISTENING & READING TIPS Maintain eye contact with the speaker; if reading, keep your eyes on the page. Don’t interrupt; if reading, don’t multitask. Focus your attention on the message, not your internal monologue. Restate the message in your own words and ask if you understood correctly. Ask clarifying questions to communicate interest and gain insight.  REFLECTIVE LISTENING Reflective Listening - the skill of listening carefully to another person and repeating back to the speaker the heard message to correct any inaccuracies or misunderstandings This complex What I heard you say process needs to was we will be divided to be understand the understood process better if we break it into steps REFLECTIVE LISTENING Emphasizes receiver’s role Helps the receiver & communicator clearly & fully understand the message sent Useful in problem solving REFLECTIVE LISTENING EMPHASIZES the personal elements of the communication process the feelings communicated in the message responding to the communicator, not leading the communicator the role or receiver or audience understanding people by reducing perceptual distortions and interpersonal barriers Conclusion Mutuality Nonjudgmentalism The speaker searches for common ground and Being open-minded and willing to examine diverse understanding with the audience. ideas and viewpoints. Honesty Respect Stating the truth as you perceive it and providing Recognizing that each person has basic rights and supporting and clarifying information. is worthy of courtesy. References Ontario Business Faculty and eCampus Ontario Program Managers (2018). Communication for Business Professionals (Can ed.) BC Open Collection. BC Campus. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/commbusprofcdn/ CHAPTER 3