UCSP Week 1 Reviewer PDF

**UCSP WEEK 1 REVIEWER by SIR NICO** **WHAT IS CULTURE?** - A *set of learned behaviors*, belief, attitudes, values and ideas that are a characteristic of a particular society or population. Also referred to as *"Complex Whole"* or *"Total way of life"* **TYPES OF CULTURE** - **M...

**UCSP WEEK 1 REVIEWER by SIR NICO** **WHAT IS CULTURE?** - A *set of learned behaviors*, belief, attitudes, values and ideas that are a characteristic of a particular society or population. Also referred to as *"Complex Whole"* or *"Total way of life"* **TYPES OF CULTURE** - **Material Culture** -- *Things* that are *produced and used* like utensils, furniture, clothing, computers and others. **TANGIBLE = NAHAHAWAKAN** - **Nonmaterial Culture** -- Contains of elements that are called *norms, values, beliefs and languages.* **NON-TANGIBLE = HINDI NAHAHAWAKAN** **ELEMENTS OF CULTURE** - **Knowledge** - **Beliefs** - **Social Norms** -- the *established expectations* of society as to *how a person is supposed to act* or behave. **DIFFERENT FORMS OF SOCIAL NORMS** - **Folkways** -- patterns of *repetitive behavior* which becomes habitual and conventional part of living. **SMALL THINGS NA GINAGAWA NATIN ARAW-ARAW** **EXAMPLE:** Saying *po and opo* everyday and *PAGMAMANO* sa nakakatanda. - **Mores** -- *set of ethical standards* and moral obligations as dictates of reason that *distinguishes human acts as right or wrong* or good from bad. **ESSENTIAL TO OUR CORE VALUES** **EXAMPLE:** Rising for the National Anthem. If mayroong tao na hindi naga pause and stop sa ginagawa niya while the National Anthem is being played, chances are, ang masasabi natin sa tao na iyan is wala siyang respect. **TAKE NOTE: IF A MORES IS VIOLATED, WE CAN EASILY IDENTIFY THAT ACTION AS RIGHT OR WRONG.** **Values** -- Anything to be held *relatively worthy*, important, desirable or valuable. **EXAMPLE:** *Bayanihan and Hospitality* of Filipinos **Technology** -- The *practical application of knowledge* in converting raw materials into finished products. **ASPECTS OF CULTURE** \- Dynamic, Flexible and Adaptive \- Shared and Contested \- Learned through socialization or enculturation \- Patterned social interactions \- Integrated and at time unstable \- Transmitted through socialization \- Requires language and other forms of communication **DIFFERENT VIEWPOINTS/PERSPECTIVE ON CULTURE** **1. Cultural Relativism -- The idea that each *culture should be evaluated based on its own context* and values** **- *"No culture is superior to other culture"*** **EXAMPLE: Understanding and respecting the Indigenous tribes' rituals in the Philippines, even if they're different from mainstream Filipino culture.** **2. Ethnocentrism -- The *belief that one's own culture is superior* and others are inferior.** **EXAMPLE: A Filipino thinking that Filipino food is the best and all other cuisines are inferior.** **3. Culture shock -- The *surprise and confusion* felt when encountering a culture that is *different from one's own.* Disorganization and frustration one experience when he *encounters cultural patterns or practices which are different from his.*** **EXAMPLE: Sir Nico has a foreign blood and was surprised and confused when he saw that Filipinos eat with their bare hands.** **4. Xenocentrism -- also known as *"Colonial Mentality"*. It is the *preference of foreign products*, styles, or ideas *over the local* ones.** **EXAMPLE: Filipinos preferring to use American brands of clothing over Filipino brands.** **WHAT IS SOCIETY?** **Society -- a large gathering of people living according to a *shared culture*.** **SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYING SOCIETY** **1. Representation of our identity** **2. Characterize the totality of a territory** **3. Symbol of political independence** **4. Avenue for economic interdependence** **WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?** **Sociology** - **Latin word *"socius"* (society)** - **Greek word *"logos"* (study)** **A branch of social studies that deals with the *STUDY OF SOCIETY.* It also studies *HUMAN INTERACTION* (nonmaterial culture)** **WHY STUDY SOCIOLOGY?** - **Helps us gain a better understanding of ourselves and our social world.** - **Helps us see how behavior is shaped by the groups to which we belong and our society.** - **Promotes understanding and tolerance by helping us look beyond personal experiences and gain insight into the larger world order.** - **Helps us understanding how and why our individual personalities change depending on the group we are in.** - **Is the study of individual as they behave in groups.** **WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY** **Anthropology -- *study of humans* and human behavior and societies in the past and present. *Fossil remains*, *artifacts* from past culture. *HUMAN REMAINS.***