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UCSP **Socialization** is learning on how our society and specific communities or group works, so we can be a part of them. It's a process of working together in developing responsibility in our community. Individual learns to conform to the norms and values in a group and develops his own self by...

UCSP **Socialization** is learning on how our society and specific communities or group works, so we can be a part of them. It's a process of working together in developing responsibility in our community. Individual learns to conform to the norms and values in a group and develops his own self by learning and knowing about his/her own self from others.\ \ Socialization focuses on the following:\ 1.Acquisition of knowledge\ 2.Language\ 3.Values\ 4.Habits\ 5.Skills in the Society\ \ Types of Socialization\ \ 1. **Primary socialization**\ This type of socialization happens when a child learns the values, norms and behaviors that should be displayed in order to live accordingly to a specific culture.\ \ EXAMPLE:\ A child hears his father talk bad words against an old lady. The child would think that this behavior is socially acceptable, so he would start talking bad words against older people.\ \ 2. Secondary socialization\ This type of socialization occurs when a person learns an appropriate behavior to be displayed within a smaller group\ which is still part of a larger society. The changes within the values, attitudes and beliefs of an individual are seen to be less important than the changes made in him as he participates in the larger society.\ \ EXAMPLE\ A high school graduate chooses a career in Business Management after participating in a small group career seminar led by college business majors.\ \ 3. Developmental socialization\ This type of socialization involves a learning process wherein the focus in on developing our social skills.\ \ EXAMPLE:\ A shy senior high school student starts to teach English to new freshmen students in order to develop verbal communication\ \ 4. Anticipatory socialization\ This type of socialization refers to the process wherein person practices or rehearses for future social relationships\ \ EXAMPLE:\ A child anticipates parenthood as he observes his parents perform their daily roles.\ \ 5. Resocialization\ This type of socialization involves rejecting previous behavior patterns and accepting new ones so the individual can shift from one part of his life to another. Resocialization is said to be happening throughout human life cycle.\ \ Consequences of Socialization\ - Establishes self-concepts for role taking\ - Creates the capacity\ - Creates the tendency for people to act in socially acceptable ways.\ - Makes people bearers of culture. Goals of Socialization\ a. Impulse control and development of a conscience.\ b. Roles preparation and performance including occupational rules, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthood.\ c. The cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is  important, values, and to be lived for. Social Group\ \ Members of society belong to the following social groups:\ 1. Primary group\ - a small, intimate, and less specialized group whereby members engaged in emotion-based interaction and interdependence over an extended period of time - refer to social groups that are characterized by intimate, face-to-face, and continuous relationships.\ \ KEY CHARACTERISTICS\ 1. Small groups: Composed of people who know each other closely.\ 2. Usually homogenous: These groups usually include people who have the same or similar social characteristics.\ 3. Intimacy: The relationships between primary group members are personal and intimate.\ 4. Continuity: These relationships are supposed to be continuous or permanent.\ \ EXAMPLES\ Parents\ Husband or wife\ Siblings\ Cousins\ Faith community\ Lifelong friends\ \ 2. Secondary group\ -- a larger, less intimate and more specialized group whereby members engaged in objective-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.\ - secondary group can be defined as any group of people which is impersonal and goal-oriented.\ \ KEY FEATURES\ 1. They are characterized by goal-oriented, and impersonal relationships.\ 2. They are composed by a diverse range of individuals and they are sometimes referred to as professional associations.\ 3. Relationships and interactions between the members of the secondary groups are often temporary\ \ 3. In-group\ - a group to which a person belongs, and with which he or she feels sense of identity.\ -An out-group meanwhile, is a group to which one does not belong and to which he or she may feel hostility.\ - a group that a person identifies with is their \"in-group\".\ People who do not fall within the in-group are the \"out-group\ BIASES\ In-group bias: showing preference for\ people within your group.\ \ 4. Out group- is when one does not identify with similar or another group because of his/her in group.\ \ BIASES\ Out-group bias: automatically disliking people who are not within your group.\ \ 5. Reference group -- a group which has a strong influence on an individual's, beliefs, values, behavior and attitude.\ REFERENCE GROUP (SOCIOLOGY)\ A reference group is a group of people whose norms influence a person\'s behaviors. We use the group as a \'frame of reference\' to make behavioral decisions,.\ \ The concept of reference groups gives Us a lens through which we can understand how group norms influence our behaviors. It demonstrates that we tend to want emulate the behaviors of the groups we identify with or aspire toward (our \"in groups), and avoid behaviors of the groups with which we do not identify (our \'out groups). EXAMPLES\ Membership Reference Groups: Groups with which we feel\ affiliation, so we try to uphold their norms and behaviors.\ Aspirational Reference Groups: Groups we aspire to be part of, so we emulate their behaviors and\ norms.\ Dissociative Reference Groups: Groups a person wants to ensure they are not associated with.\ \ 6. Network group --refers to the structure of relationship which has interconnections, ties, and linkages between people, their groups, and the larger social institutions to which they all belong.\ \ WHAT IS DUCATION?\ Education - is an important issue in one\'s life. It is the key to success in the future, and to have many opportunities in our life\ \ Education - is the most powerful weapon which we can use to change the perspective of the world. An educated person knows how to deal with different types of problems. Through the right education, a person can develop good moral values. It helps individuals to become good human beings.\ \ 3 TYPES OF EDUCATION\ \ 1. FORMAL EDUCATION\ This is-also known as formal- learning which usually takes place within the premises of the school. It refers to the basic academic knowledge that a child learns in a formal manner. This continues from an elementary school to secondary school and further on to colleges\ \ \ 2. INFORMAL EDUCATION\ This is the-type of education wherein a parent is teaching a child things that are beyond academics like preparing a meal or riding a bicycle People can also get informal education through books or educational websites. This is an education\ that is not derived in schools through a proper learning method. It is not pre-planned nor deliberate,\ \ 3. NON-FORMAL EDUCATION\ It refers to adult basic education, adult literacy education, or skill development. It can take different forms of learning, which is consistently and systematically provided in order to develop a particular skill or ability in an individual. This type of education is highly flexible and includes a wide range of activities\ \ Examples are fitness programs, community-based adult education courses, and free courses on different platforms,\ etc.\ \ FUNCTION OF EDUCATION IN SOCIETY\ \ 1. Function of School\ \>To teach basic cognitive skills, to transmit specific knowledge, and to help students acquire Higher order thinking Skills (HOTS)\ \ \>The political Purposes of schooling are to inculcate allegiance to the existing Political Order.\ \ \>The Socia\| Purposes of schooling are to socialize children into the various roles, behaviors, and values of the society\ \ \>The Economic purpose of schooling are to prepare students for their later occupational roles and select train, and allocate individuals into the division of labor.\ \ 2. TECHNICAL/ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS\ They refer to the contributions of schools to the technical or economic development and needs of the individual, the society and the international community. 3\. HUMAN/SOCIAL FUNCTIONS\ They refer to the contribution of schools to human development and social relationships at a different levels of the society. As indicate in nearly all formal education goals, at the individual level schools help develop students to develop themselves psychologically, socially, and physically, and help them develop their potential as fully possible.\ \ 4. POLITICAL FUNCTIONS\ They refer to the contribution of schools to the political development at different evels of society. At the individual levels, schools help students to develop positive civic attitudes and skills to exercise the rights and responsibilities of citizens.\ \ 5. CULTURAL FUNCTIONS\ They refer to the contribution of schools to the development at different levels of ociety. At individual\'s level, schools help students to develop their creativity and aesthetic awareness to be socialized with the successful norms, values and beliefs of society.\ \ 6. EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS\ They refer to the contribution of schools to the development and maintenance of education of the different levels of society. Traditionally, education is often perceived as only a means for achieving the economic, social, political, and cultural values and goals.\ \ IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION IN SOCIETY\ In the modern developed world, education is an important factor that plays a huge role. To be able to succeed in this competitive world, people need good education. In modern society, people focus on achieving a high standard of living and awareness to provide better solutions to their problems.\ \ THERE ARE VARIOUS BENEFITS OF HAVING EDUCATION\ 1. good career,\ 2. good status in society,\ 3. self-confidence.\ \ Education makes us view obstacles as challenges to overcome with no fear; facing new things. It is the main factor behind successful people and the merit of developed countries. Therefore, education is deemed a real success behind any future success.\ \ CONCEPT OF SOCIAL STRATIFICATION\ Categorizing individuals or group of people based on factors such as power, wealth, and prestige.\ Hierarchical arrangement and establishment of social categories that may evolve into social groups together with status.\ \ Upper class:\ 10% of the population which hold 76-87.8% of the wealth\ Middle class:\ 40% of the population which hold 11.6-23% of the wealth\ Lower class\ 50% of the poor population which hold less than 2% of the wealth\ \ UPPER CLASS\ elite individuals or group of people that are the most prolific and successful in their respective areas.\ may be stockholders and investors in very huge well-known companies\ \ MIDDLE CLASS\ individuals are mostly professionals or groups of people like lawyers, doctors, managers, small ;usiness owners, and executives who work in the corporate world\ \ LOWER CLASS\ skilled artisan, farm employees, underemployed, and indigent families. Because of the given status in life, these people lack revenue or income and educational training or background, TYPES OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEM\ \ 1. CASTE\ a hereditary endogamous social group in which a person's rank and its accompanying rights and obligations are ascribed on the basis of his birth into a particular group.\ For example-Brahmins, Indian Caste System\ \ 2. CLASS\ Person's position depends to a very great extent upon achievement and his ability to use to advantage the inborn characteristics and wealth that he may posses\ \ 3. ESTATE\ system of medieval Europe provides another system of stratification which gave much emphasis to birth as well as to wealth and possessions. Each estate\ \ 4. SLAVERY\ In slavery, every slave had his master to whom he was subjected. The master's power over the slave was unlimited.\ \ CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEM\ Social Stratification is Universal\ Stratification is social\ It is ancient\ It is in diverse forms\ Social stratification is Consequential\ \ TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY\ \ IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION THE MOVEMENT OCCURS IN THREE DIRECTIONS.\ (a) From lower to higher\ (b) From higher to lower\ (c) Between two positions at the same level.\ \ A. VERTICAL MOBILITY\ It refers to the movement of people from one stratum to another or from one status to another. It involves movement from lower to higher or higher to lower. Two types of vertical mobility:\ 1. Upward Mobility\ the ability of people to improve their socioeconomic status, or move from a lower to a higher social class\ \ 2. Downward Mobility\ the process of moving from a higher social or economic class to a lower one.\ \ B. HORIZONTAL MOBILITY\ It refers to the movement of people from one social group to another situated on the same level.\ \ TWO OTHER TYPES OF SOCIAL\ stratification in terms of dimension of time\ 1. Inter-generational mobility: When changes in status occur from one generation to another\ 2. Intra-generational mobility: When changes in status occur within one generation\ \ FORMS OF STRATIFICATION SYSTEM\ \ CLOSE SYSTEM STRATIFICATION\ little or no opportunity to advance from one social class to another.\ social status is hereditary.\ stuck at their level, can't marry people from other classes. OPEN SYSTEM OF STRATIFICATION\ not based solely on ascribed status\ combines ascribed status and achieved status\ has mobility SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES\ \ 1. FUNCTIONALISM\ Every social class has its purpose or role to play a part in the society.\ 2. CONFLICT THEORY\ Creation of inequality between the rich and the poor, or the powerful versus the powerless.\ 3. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM\ View Social Stratification on a micro level where individuals affect others whom they have interacted because of their social status.\ \ Social Inequality\ Lack of access to natural and societal resources\ A denial of choices and opportunities\ It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society\ Result of unequal, ineffective, and inefficient allocation of goods and services.\ Problem is that some people have more than enough resources to last their entire lives\ \ POVERTY\ refers to the lack of adequate financial resources such that individuals, households, and entire communities don\'t have the means to subsist or acquire the basic necessities for a flourishing life. Classification of Poverty\ ABSOLUTE OR EXTREME POVERTY\ RELATIVE POVERTY\ \ Absolute or Extreme Poverty\ Severe deprivation of the basic necessities of life.\ There should be a minimum standard of living that no one in the world should be under.\ Inadequate access to goods and services in relation to the standards within a particular country.\ RURAL POVERTY\ Is mainly associated with people living outside the cities and towns\ Agricultural setting\ URBAN POVERTY\ Closed linked with cities and towns with big populations.\ \ PROGRAMS IN ALLEVIATING POVERTY\ Provide Better living Conditions for the poorest segment of society\ Livelihood projects\ Education development\ Feeding Program or medical mission\ Microfinance for small-scale livelihood\ Enterprise projects\ Community driven development initiatives\ Promotion of education, science and technology, population\ development, and natural resources sustainability projects\ \ The government (or any private entity) would provide\ cash to families living in absolute or relative poverty\ given that they meet certain criteria.\ \ The goal is to provide accessible financial assistance to\ families who are struggling to provide for the basic\ necessities of life.\ \ CONDITIONAL FUND TRANSFER PROGRAM\ \ 1. GENDER INEQUALITY\ Still a major issue faced by societies across the world\ Girls and women across the country are experiencing discrimination in areas of health, education, political presentation, labor market and others.\ \ 2. ETHNIC MINORITIES\ An ethnic minority refers to a group of people who have different national or cultural traditions from the main population. It is a term used to describe group of people who: share a common culture, language, history, or other traits that distinguish them from the majority of the population in a particular country or region.\ 3. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES\ 10% of the world\'s population live with disabilities. Persons with disabilities are more likely to be victim of discrimination,\ violence, rape\ \ 4. GLOBAL INEQUALITIES\ Staggering difference between the rich, the middle class, and the poor populations of the world. This is something that demoralizes people Global Inequality poses the extreme differences between the standards of living across the world\ \ Here are eight ways to reduce inequality through economic democracy:\ \ 1. A Check on Illicit Outflows: In developing countries,inadequate resourcing for health, education, sanitation, and investment in the poorest citizens drives extreme inequality.\ \ 2. A Progressive Income Tax: How much the highest income earners should be taxed? This is obviously question to be decided domestically by citizens, and opinions differ. For instance, economist Tony Addison suggests a top rate of 65 percent rate on the top 1 percent of incomes.\ \ 3. A Global Wealth Tax: Because wealth tends to accumulate over generations, fair and well-designed wealth taxes would go a long way towards combating extreme inequality.\ \ 4. A Living Wage: Governments should establish and enforce a national living wage. Corporations should also prioritize a living wage for their own workers and for the suppliers, buyers, and others with whom they do business.\ \ 5. The Right to Organize: The right of workers to organize has always been a cornerstone of more equal societies. and should be prioritized and protected wherever this basic right is violated.\ \ 6. An End to Labor Abuses: Companies worldwide are also replacing what was once permanent and stable employment with temporary and contingent labor.\ \ 7. An Open and Democratic Trade Policy: Negotiating international trade agreements behind closed doors with only bureaucrats and corporate lobbyists present has to end.\ \ 8. A New Economics\ Economists are often imagined as stuff academics who value arcane economic theory above humanitarian values. Thankfully, there\'s a movement among economics grad students and scholars to reimagine the discipline. As they acknowledge, we clearly need a new economics that works to improve the lives of everyone, not just those already well off.\ \ Five reasons why we need more equality\ \ 1. Health\ Life expectancy is shorter and mortality rates are higher in more unequal societies - this applies to both the poor and, perhaps surprisingly, also to the rich in these societies.\ \ 2. Social relationships\ Levels of social cohesion, including trust and social capital, are lower in more unequal societies. More unequal societies have more property crime and violence, especially homicides.\ \ 3. Human capital development\ Scores on the UNICEF index of child well-being are significantly worse in unequal countries and decline as inequality rises. More equal countries tend to have higher rates of innovation, probably because of greater social mobility. 4\. Economic progress and stability\ Poverty reduction is compromised by income inequality. In rich and poor countries, inequality is strongly correlated with shorter spells of economic expansion and less growth over time. Inequality is associated with more frequent and more severe boom-and-bust cycles that make economies more volatile and vulnerable to crisis.\ \ 5. Sustainable economies\ Inequality drives status competition, which drives personal debt and consumerism. More equal societies promote the common good -they recycle more, spend more on foreign aid, score higher on the Global Peace Index. Inequities between countries are impairing cooperation between nations and the development of international environmental agreements on climate change.\ \ NATURAL DISASTERS\ \ EARTHQUAKE caused by volcanic eruptions or by the sudden movement of the tectonic plates underneath the earth\'s crust (Earthquake, 2015) in recent history, the deadliest earthquake happened on April 25, 2015 in Nepal. In the Philippines, the infamous Luzon earthquake that happened on July 16, 1990, which left Baguio city in tatters is considered so far the most destructive.\ \ Ang TSUNAMI nagaganap kapag nagkaroon ng paglindol\ pagguho ng lupa, pagsabog ng bulkan at pagbagsak ng meteo-rites/asteroids sa ilalim ng dagat\ \ Ang STORM SURGE ay nagaganap kapag mayroong malalakas na bagyo. Nagdudulot ito ng pagtaas\ ng tubig sa karagatan.\ \ TYPHOONS\ According to the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) an estimated 20+typhoons enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) every year. Most of the typhoon are formed from the vast Pacific Ocean Each year from May to December, torrential rains, gusty winds and floods have been destructive affecting adversely the lives and properties of many Filipinos. Typhoons disrupts classes, offices work,\ all kinds of transportations and business transaction.\ \ PAGASA\'S NAMES FOR TYPHOONS IN 2024\ \ Aghon    Butcho   Carina  Dindo   Enteng   Ferdie    Gener  Helen    Igme    Julian    Kristine   Leon    Marce   Nika   Ofel   Pepito     Querubin   Romina    Siony   Tonyo   Upang    Vicky   Warren    Yoyong    Zosimo\ \ Other man-made problems\ \ 1. War and aggression\ 2. Graft and corruption\ 3. Pollution\ 4. Overpopulation\ 5. Drug abuse\ 6. Exploitation of the poor and the marginalized\ 7. Abuse against women and children\ \ GLOBAL ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENT GOALS\ \ In 2000, 189 countries signed an agreement called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and pledge to do affirmative actions towards the following global issues\ (Millennium Development Goals, 2013):\ \ GLOBAL ISSUES AND DEVELOPMENT GOALS\ 1. Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty\ 2. Achieve universal primary education\ 3. Promote gender equality and empower women\ 4. Reduce child mortality\ 5. Improve maternal health\ 6. Ensure environmental sustainability\ 7. Develop a global partnership for\ \ Transnational Migration and Overseas Filipino Workers\ phenomena in which people belong to two or more societies at the same time because of intermingle interest existing in several countries rather than in one nation-state alone.