UCSP Reviewer 2nd Periodical Past Paper PDF

UCSP I. HUMAN EVOLUTION 1. HOMINIDS / HOMO - “Manlike Primates” - Homo Rudolfensis, the first homonids - Travel and may use stone tools 2. HOMO HABILIS - “Handy Man” - The name was given because this species represents the first maker of stone tools as weapo...

UCSP I. HUMAN EVOLUTION 1. HOMINIDS / HOMO - “Manlike Primates” - Homo Rudolfensis, the first homonids - Travel and may use stone tools 2. HOMO HABILIS - “Handy Man” - The name was given because this species represents the first maker of stone tools as weapons and protection. - They are recognized as the first true human. 3. HOMO ERECTUS - “The Upright Man” - This manlike specie could walk straight with almost the same brain with modern man. - Associated with the earliest hand axes, the first major innovation in stone tool technology. 4. HOMO SAPIENS - “The Thinking Man” - They were the first to produce art in cave paintings and crafting decorated tools and accessories. - Believed to be the first species to alter their environment and utilize their resources. II. CIVILIZATION A. PALEOLITHIC PERIOD (Old Stone Age) - “Food-collecting cultures” - They lived in groups of 20 -30, and spent most of their time hunting and gathering. People during this period has only 20-25 years life span B. NEOLITHIC AGE (New Stone) - “Food-producing cultures” - Settlement in permanent villages. - Appearance of such crafts as pottery and weaving. - Dependence on domesticated plants or animals. What are tools created to hunt? C. METAL AGE - The civilization which defines to a more developed social, cultural, political and economic system III. SOCIETY Pertains to a group of individuals involved in social interaction or sharing the same geographical or social territory Types of Society: a. HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES - The people survived daily through hunting larger animals, collecting shellfish and vegetable gathering. Their tools were made of stones, wood and bones. b. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES - The people planted seeds as a means of production for subsistence - This allows then to build permanent of semi-permanent homes. c. PASTORAL SOCIETY - Most of the people are nomadic who follow their herds in quest of animals for food and clothing to satisfy their needs. d. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES - Used plow to till the fields and irrigation farming which resulted to a larger yield of production that feed large number of people who did not know how to produce food by themselves. e. INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES - This period is characterized by the use of machines as means of food production. f. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES - Science and technology Information and communication technology is the hallmark of these modern societies. - Characterized as by economy that is dependent on tangible goods and the people must pursue greater education IV. SOCIAL GROUP Defined as two or more people who regularly interact with one another and who share common outlook concerning behavior, a sense of common identity and who do things together with a common goal and interest. Classification of Groups 1. Primary Group – are small “face-to-face” groups in which the interaction is direct and personal. 2. Secondary Group - refers to formal and impersonal group wherein members have little social intimacy or mutual understanding. Boundaries of the Groups 1. In-Groups - A group with which the individual identifies and which gives him sense of belonging, solidarity, camaraderie, esprit de corps, and a protective attitude toward the other members. There is such a high regard for each member that collective terms like “We”, “Us”. 1  2. Out-Groups - Members of the in-group have feelings of strangeness, dislikes, avoidance, antagonism, indifference and even hatred toward the out-group. 3. Reference Group - A person can be a member of many groups which are all influential in how he/she perceives and views social realities. 4. Network - the structure of connection of an individual with oneself, with another individuals, and groups V. KINSHIP Kinship is relations formed between members of society in terms of sharing of characteristics or origin. Types of Kinship 1. CONSANGUINEAL - The relationship is achieved by birth or blood affinity. 2. AFFINAL - This type of kinship is based by MARRIAGE. MARRIAGE It is a Legal foundation of the family that exist in all culture. It is a Legal Contract between two people committing themselves in a permanent affinal kinship. Forms of Marriage a. MONOGAMY - Permits a man to take only one spouse at a time. b. POLYGAMY - The practice of multiple marriage. It is a marriage pattern in which an individual is married to more than one person at a time Forms of Polygamy b.1 POLYGYNY - The marriage of one man to two or more women at the same time. b.2 POLYANDRY - The marriage of a women to two or more men at the same time. Selection of Marriage Partners 1. ENDOGAMY - norms which dictates that one should marry within one’s clan or ethnic group. 2. EXOGAMY -prescribes that one marries outside one’s clan or ethnic group. 3. LEVIRATE - prescribes that a widow marries the brother or nearest kin of the deceased husband. 4. SORORATE - prescribes that a widower marries the sister or nearest kin of the deceased wife. LEGAL SEPARATION - A husband and wife separated on their own arrangement without the sanction of the court, legally separated husband and wife cannot remarry. ANNULMENT - it nullifies a marriage completely as if it has never existed. DIVORCE - a court decree that terminates or dissolves a marriage. Divorce is given back their single status and may again remarry. Review the grounds for Legal Separation and Annulment FAMILY A small institution that unites individuals into cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising of children. It is built on kinship based on blood, marriage, and adoption. Classification: a. Nuclear Family - consist of two parents and their children. b. Single Parent - consist of one parent with one or more kids which the parent either never married, is widowed, or divorced. c. Extended Family - families with two or more adults who are related through blood or marriage along with children and other relatives living under the same roof. d. Blended Family - A reconstituted family, it is the constitution of two adults who have children from previous relationships. Types of Families A. By Descent: a. Patrilineal - Descent traced through the male line. b. Matrilineal - Descent traced through the female line. c. Bilateral - Two lines of descent serve different purposes. B. By Residence: a. PATRILOCAL - A couple lives near or with husband's family of origin. b. MATRILOCAL - A couple lives near or with wife's family of origin. c. AVUNCULOCAL - A couple with the husband’s mother’s brother or a relative other than a parent. d. NEOLOCAL - A couple establishes their own household with no obligation to or dependence on either family of origin. e. BILOCAL/AMBILOCAL - A couple chooses to live with or near either family of origin, sometimes moving between the two. 2