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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of a blended family?
What is the main characteristic of a blended family?
Which term describes the practice where a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband?
Which term describes the practice where a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband?
In which type of descent is lineage traced through male ancestors?
In which type of descent is lineage traced through male ancestors?
What is the definition of legal separation?
What is the definition of legal separation?
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Which marriage partner selection norm requires individuals to marry within their own ethnic group?
Which marriage partner selection norm requires individuals to marry within their own ethnic group?
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In a nuclear family structure, what are the primary components?
In a nuclear family structure, what are the primary components?
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What does avunculocal residence imply for a couple?
What does avunculocal residence imply for a couple?
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What is the primary distinction of a single parent family?
What is the primary distinction of a single parent family?
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What defines a primary group?
What defines a primary group?
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What is an example of an out-group?
What is an example of an out-group?
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What type of kinship is formed by birth or blood affinity?
What type of kinship is formed by birth or blood affinity?
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Which statement accurately describes monogamy?
Which statement accurately describes monogamy?
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In which type of polygamy does one man marry multiple women?
In which type of polygamy does one man marry multiple women?
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What characterizes a reference group?
What characterizes a reference group?
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What defines a secondary group?
What defines a secondary group?
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What do in-groups provide to their members?
What do in-groups provide to their members?
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Which social group includes people who primarily survive through hunting and gathering?
Which social group includes people who primarily survive through hunting and gathering?
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What defines Horticultural Societies in terms of subsistence?
What defines Horticultural Societies in terms of subsistence?
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What distinguishes Agricultural Societies from others?
What distinguishes Agricultural Societies from others?
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What type of society primarily follows their herds for resources?
What type of society primarily follows their herds for resources?
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What was a key characteristic of Homo Sapiens compared to earlier hominids?
What was a key characteristic of Homo Sapiens compared to earlier hominids?
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Which hominid species is widely recognized as the first maker of stone tools?
Which hominid species is widely recognized as the first maker of stone tools?
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Which age is characterized by the emergence of food-producing cultures?
Which age is characterized by the emergence of food-producing cultures?
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During which period did humans primarily rely on hunting and gathering?
During which period did humans primarily rely on hunting and gathering?
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Study Notes
Human Evolution
- Hominids/Homo are "manlike primates"
- Homo rudolfensis were early hominids
- Homo habilis ("handy man") were the first toolmakers
- Homo erectus ("upright man") developed more sophisticated tools, and had a brain size similar to modern humans
- Homo sapiens ("thinking man") created art and changed their environment
Civilizations
- Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age): Small groups (20-30), food-collecting, 20-25 years average lifespan
- Neolithic Period (New Stone Age): Permanent settlements, food production (farming), pottery and weaving developed
- Metal Age: A more developed social, cultural, political and economic system defined civilization
Types of Societies
- Hunting and Gathering Societies: Survived through hunting, gathering plants and shellfish, using stone, wood, and bone tools
- Horticultural Societies: Cultivated plants for food, allowing permanent or semi-permanent settlements
- Pastoral Societies: Nomadic, followed herds for food and supplies, using tools for raising animals
- Agricultural Societies: Used plows and irrigation, increasing food production enough to support large populations; no longer needed to produce all their own food
- Industrial Societies: Relied on machines for production; manufacturing and large population centers
- Post-Industrial Societies: Relied on information and communication technologies.
Social Groups
- Social groups consist of two or more people, regularly interact, share common outlook & goals
- Primary groups: Small, face-to-face, direct interaction (e.g., family, close friends)
- Secondary groups: Formal, impersonal, little intimacy (e.g., school classes, work teams)
- In-groups: Groups a person identifies with, feelings of belonging and loyalty
- Out-groups: Groups a person does not identify with, often feelings of dislike or difference
- Reference groups: Groups that influence individual's beliefs and behavior, even if not a member.
Kinship
- Kinship refers to social relationships based on characteristics like ancestry or origin.
- Consanguineal kinship: Based on blood relatives
- Affinal kinship: Based on marriage
- Monogamy: Marriage to one person at a time
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Polygamy: Marriage to multiple people at a time
- Polygyny: One man, multiple women
- Polyandry: One woman, multiple men
- Endogamy: Marriage within a specified group (e.g., clan or ethnicity)
- Exogamy: Marriage outside a specified group
- Levirate: A man marries his deceased brother's widow
- Sororate: A woman marries her deceased sister's widower
Families
- Family: A small social unit that typically cares for its younger members
- Nuclear family: Parents and children
- Single-parent family: One parent and children
- Extended family: Multiple generations living together
- Blended family: Two individuals who have children from previous relationships
- Patrilineal: Tracing descent through the male line
- Matrilineal: Tracing descent through the female line
- Bilateral: Descent traced through both male and female lines
- Patrilocal: A couple lives near or with the husband's family
- Matrilocal: A couple lives near or with the wife's family
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Description
Explore the fascinating journey of human evolution from early hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus to the development of complex civilizations in the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages. This quiz covers various types of societies, including hunting and gathering, horticultural, and pastoral societies, highlighting their survival strategies and social structures.
