Thirty Years' War PDF

Central European Monarchs Clash  The Thirty Years’War Rising Tension Tension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central Europe. Bohemian Protestants Revolt In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II). Results in Thirt...

Central European Monarchs Clash  The Thirty Years’War Rising Tension Tension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central Europe. Bohemian Protestants Revolt In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II). Results in Thirty Years’ War— a conflict over religion, land and power.  Thirty Years’ War (continued) - Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes spelled “Habsburg”) - From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies had many victories. - Troops plunder many German villages. -Hapsburg Defeats The Protestant, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and his disciplined army drove the Hapsburg armies out of northern Germany. However, Gustavus Adolphus was killed in the battle.  Thirty Years’ War (continued) Remember Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin of France? They began to fear growing Habsburg power more than Protestants, so they sent French (Catholic) troops to join the German and Swedish Protestants in their struggle against the Habsburg armies. House of Hapsburg at its height  End of theThirty Years’ War This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Important consequences: The war ruins German economy and greatly decreases its population (from about 20 million to 16 million). It took a long time for Germany to recover from the devastation. This is one of the reasons it took so long for it to become a unified country (1871). Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends the war: The treaty recognizes Europe as a group of independent states. The treaty weakens the Hapsburgs and strengthens France. It ended the religious wars of Europe. The treaty introduces the idea of negotiating terms of peace. The beginning of Modern States-the idea of a united Catholic European empire is abandoned.  States Form inCentral Europe Economic Contrasts with the West: The economy in central Europe still relied on serfs and agriculture. It was strictly controlled by the landowning nobility (unlike western Europe, where cities/towns became centers of commerce and you saw a growing middle class). Several Weak Empires: The landowning nobles in central Europe block the growth of the kings’ power. The Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires are also weak.  Rise of the Austrian Empire Austria Grows Stronger: The Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands and rule a large empire. It is difficult to rule, however, because there were many different ethnic groups within the empire. Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian Throne: Emperor Charles VI worked hard to see that his daughter inherited his throne (Pragmatic Sanction). Maria Theresa becomes the Empress of Austria but faces years of war. Sanction This document, The Pragmatic Sanction, declared that Maria Theresa would inherit the Austrian throne. Maria Theresa of Austria -Known for her famous daughter,Marie Antoinette. -Decreased the power of thenobility. -Worked to help theserfs.  Prussia Challenges Austria The Rise of Prussia Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia built Europe’s best army. They called themselves kings and became absolute monarchs. Frederick William introduced permanent taxation. Prussian nobles (the Junkers) resisted royal power, but the king bought their loyalty-they got the exclusive right to be officers in the army. Frederick the Great Frederick the Great becomes the king of Prussia. He enforces his father’s military policies but softens some of his laws. Frederick II (The Great) of Prussia. He was nicknamed “Old Fritz”.  What makes FrederickGreat? He encouraged religious tolerance and legal reform. He believed a ruler should be like a father to his people. History refers to him as an “Enlightened Despot” Prussia ChallengesAustria The War of Austrian Succession In 1740, Frederick starts a war against Austria to gain Silesia (which was rich in iron ore, textiles and food products). Maria Theresa resists Prussian power but loses Silesia in a treaty. As a result of the war, Prussia becomes a major power in Europe. Prussia ChallengesAustria The Seven Years’ War Austria allies with France against Britain and Prussia. In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, launching a Seven Years’ War (called the French and Indian War in America). France loses colonies in North America and Britain gains India. There are no real territorial changes in Europe as a result of the war.