Theory Sample Qs.pdf

CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions 1. Inadequate oxygen or inadequate nutrients to an organ may cause which of the following conditions? A. Hyperplasia B. Pathological atrophy C. Physiological hypertrophy D. Apoptosis 2. An example of _____...

CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions 1. Inadequate oxygen or inadequate nutrients to an organ may cause which of the following conditions? A. Hyperplasia B. Pathological atrophy C. Physiological hypertrophy D. Apoptosis 2. An example of _____ is someone working out with weights to increase the mass of their skeletal muscles. A. physiological hypertrophy B. pathological hypertrophy C. apoptosis D. physiological atrophy 3. _____ is the change of one adult cell type to another. A. Metaplasia B. Necrosis C. Hyperplasia D. Dysplasia 4. Which of these structures or substances in the skin helps prevent UV radiation from damaging deep structures of the skin? A. Sebaceous glands B. Melanin C. Keratinocytes D. Keratin 5. The most deadly skin cancer is: A. basal cell carcinoma B. squamous cell carcinoma C. melanoma D. eczema 6. The cause of eczema is: A. allergies B. a virus C. bacteria D. hormonal changes Page | 1  CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions 7. Water is forced out through capillary walls by: A. different concentrations of substances B. low pressure of the blood C. high pressure of the blood D. osmosis 8. The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood is the: A. WBC count B. RBC count C. hematocrit D. differential 9. Parasitic infections can be controlled by which of these WBCs? A. Eosinophils B. Neutrophils C. Basophils D. Lymphocytes 10. Myocardial infarctions result from: A. damaged heart valves B. weakened heart muscle C. obstruction of blood flow to the heart muscle D. low blood pressure 11. If lower chest pain follows a meal and increases when the patient bends over, it is generally due to: A. indigestion B. costochondritis C. pulmonary embolism D. sore muscles 12. The term for an abnormal heartbeat is: A. angioplasty B. dysrhythmia C. angina D. artefact Page | 2  CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions 13. The volume of blood pumped each minute is referred to as: A. cardiac cycle B. cardiac output C. stroke volume D. systole 14. The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the: A. tidal volume B. vital capacity C. inspiratory reserve volume D. residual volume 15. _____ is caused by a blocked artery in the lungs and is frequently the result of immobility. A. Pulmonary oedema B. Pulmonary embolism C. Pneumothorax D. Sinusitis 16. Which of the following is NOT a form of pneumonoconiosis? A. Anthracosis B. Bronchitis C. Asbestosis D. Silicosis 17. The alveolar cells that secrete pulmonary surfactant are the _____. A. alveolar type II cells B. alveolar type I cells C. smooth muscle cells D. capillary endothelial cells 18. When taking a urine sample from a patient for testing, you notice it is cloudy. This could indicate A. cystitis B. renal failure C. renal calculi D. pregnancy Page | 3  CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions 19. What are the two ways substances are removed from the blood and added to the forming urine? A. Glomerular filtration and tubular secretion B. Glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption C. Tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption D. Urinalysis and dialysis 20. Which process of urine formation decreases when the blood pressure decreases and increases when the blood pressure increases? A. Glomerular filtration B. Tubular reabsorption C. Tubular secretion D. Elimination 21. You will instruct your patients who are at risk for cirrhosis of the liver that they can reduce the risk by: A. avoiding the use of alcohol B. washing their hands frequently C. avoiding weight loss D. using only over-the-counter drugs 22. A young woman had her pituitary gland removed. She may now experience: A. hypercortisolism B. hyperadrenalism C. hypothyroidism D. hyperparathyroidism 23. Which hormone increases blood sugar? A. Aldosterone B. Thyroid hormone C. Cortisol D. Glucagon 24. The hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones is: A. cortisol B. calcitonin C. oxytocin D. TSH Page | 4  CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions 25. In _____, too much adrenocorticotropic hormone is produced. A. acromegaly B. cretinism C. Cushing’s syndrome D. diabetes mellitus 26. Which of the following statements about diabetes mellitus (DM) is NOT correct? A. The body produces antibodies that destroy the pancreatic beta cells in type I DM B. Target cells are unresponsive to insulin in type II DM C. Both type I and type II DM are characterised by lack of, or low levels of, insulin D. Diabetic neuropathy is a common long-term effect of DM 27. What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone? A. Chemical properties of the hormone B. Presence of a receptor for that particular hormone C. Location of the gland that secretes the hormone D. Location of the target cells in the body 28. How is it that chronic renal failure can directly contribute to anaemia? A. decreased production of erythropoietin B. increased renin secretion C. increasing albuminuria D. None of the above; renal failure is usually associated with a high blood haemoglobin concentration and rarely with anaemia A 1-day-old infant born at full term by uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery is noted to have cyanosis. The baby otherwise appears comfortable. On examination, respiratory rate is 40 and pulse oximetry (O2 blood saturation) is 80%. A right ventricular lift is palpated, and a harsh grade intensity 3/6 systolic ejection murmur is heard at the left upper sternal border. 29. Pulse oximetry measures O2 within the blood. Low levels of O2 would have signs of A. Peripheral cyanosis only B. Lips and Mucus membranes are blue C. Fingertips are blue but not toes D. Lips and fingertips are not blue Page | 5  CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions A 40-year-old woman presents with unilateral leg pain and a history of pitting oedema for 5 days. There is a history of smoking, hypertension, and recent hospitalisation. She had been recuperating at home, but on beginning to mobilise and walk, the right leg became painful, tender, and swollen. She currently takes the oral contraceptive pill. On examination, the right calf is 4 cm greater in circumference than the left when measured 10 cm below the tibial tuberosity. Superficial veins in the leg are more dilated on the right foot, and the right leg is slightly redder than the left. On palpation, there is some tenderness and slight warmth in the popliteal fossa behind the knee. 30. The most probable cause of this patient’s oedema is due to A. Fluid build-up due to her kidneys not working due to her hospital stay B. Inflammation due to damage to the muscle C. Blood that cannot return to the heart due to a blocked vein D. A previous undiagnosed ankle sprain 31. The most common complication of this condition is A. PE B. Stroke C. MI D. Renal artery blockage A 55-year-old man with a history of HTN (controlled with medication) and tobacco use presents with a 2-day history of back pain and an abdominal pulsating mass. He cannot identify any aggravating factors. 32. If you were to palpate the abdominal aorta, the best place to palpate it would be: A. At the xiphoid B. Above the umbilicus C. At the umbilicus D. Below the umbilicus Page | 6  CHI335 – Sample Theory Questions A 56-year-old male with a history of smoking presents with shortness of breath and cough. His symptoms began 3 days ago. He reports a chronic morning cough, productive with white sputum, which has increased over the past 2 days. He has had similar episodes each winter for the past 4 years. He has smoked 1 to 2 packs of cigarettes per day for 40 years and continues to smoke. He denies haemoptysis, chills, or weight loss and has not received any relief from over-the-counter cough preparations. When auscultating, the chest is silent with little sounds and seems to have a more prolonged expiration than inspiration; percussion is hyperresonant. 33. The reason for longer expiration is because: A. Reduced chest wall elasticity B. The body doesn’t need much air, and hence, it rests during this time and takes longer to expire C. Airways collapse on expiration, and hence, it’s harder to get all the air out, and more time is needed for this air to escape D. It’s a neurological problem, and the ANS is in trouble 34. What is the most probable diagnosis? A. Complicated asthma B. COPD C. Interstitial lung disease D. Lung tumour blocking the airway A 60-year-old woman with long-standing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus presents with feeling pins and needles in her fingers and toes. She also complains of fatigue, blurred vision and pain on urination. You notice some skin discolouration (hyperpigmentation) around her neck and axilla. 35. 45. This patient’s urine tests would show A. Glucose +ve B. Ketones +ve C. Leukocyte +ve D. All above 36. Regarding benign breast masses, which one is not correct? A. They are commonly painful B. They are usually multiple C. Skin changes are noticeable D. They often change in size during the menstrual cycle Page | 7