Vascular Test 1 .pdf

1. How many branches does the internal carotid artery have in the cervical section? a. 0 2. Mr.Smith arrives at your department for a bilateral carotid artery duplex evaluation. The patient complains of dizziness, an episode of bilateral blurred vision, and an unsteady gait. Based...

1. How many branches does the internal carotid artery have in the cervical section? a. 0 2. Mr.Smith arrives at your department for a bilateral carotid artery duplex evaluation. The patient complains of dizziness, an episode of bilateral blurred vision, and an unsteady gait. Based on the non-lateralizing signs/symptoms, which of the following problems do you suspect she may have? a. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency 3. The spectral waveform for CCA is a. Combination of both high and low resistance 4. All vessels except ___________ considered anterior circulation. a. PCA 5. Capillaries have only one layer, called: a. Tunica intima 6. Which type of vessels control the level of resistance within the arterial system by constricting and dilating? a. Arterioles 7. If the blood is flowing toward the transducer, the Doppler shift will be? a. Positive 8. The main purpose and advantage of Circle of Willis? a. Collateralization 9. When one vessel becomes blocked, the body will often create new connection or alternative pathways overtime in order to bypass the blockage and patient remains asymptomatic. The is called ___________ ciriculation. a. Collateral 10. You begin a carotid duplex scan of your next patient and measure PSV of 185 cm/sec in her RT ICA. although this measurement corresponds to a hemodynamically significant lesion, you do not see plaque formation or any other type of destruction. Which of the following conditions can cause accelerated flow? a. Tortuous vessel 11. As you begin the TCD exam, you know that various windows are used to evaluate the intracranial arteries. Which of the following vessels is least likely to be evaluated through the transtemporal window? a. Basilar artery 12. All of the following are risk factors for development of atherosclerosis except: a. Emboli 13. In spectral Doppler displays, the vertical axis (y-axis) normally represents a. Velocity 14. The outer-most layer of a vessel wall is called: a. Tunica adventitia 15. Which are the two most common mechanisms for cerebrovascular insufficiency? a. Ischemia and hemorrhage 16. What units are used to measure blood pressure? a. mmHg 17. Which two factors are directly related to resistance  a. Vessel length and viscosity 18. Where in the vascular system is the lowest energy represents by the lowest pressure located? a. Right atrium 19. Which of the following statement accurately describes the middle cerebral artery? a. The signal is obtained at a depth of 60-80 mm 20. Internal carotid artery distributed blood to all, except a. Thyroid gland 21. The circle of Willis is composed of all of the following, except: a. Ophthalmic artery 22. In the presence of right ICA occlusion, identify how right side of brain will receive blood flow a. Circle of Willis - Anterior communicating artery(ACOA), branches of the ECA, anastomosing to redirect flow to brain and Cirlce of Willis-posterior communicating artery (PCOA) 23. There is a formula used to predict the likelihood of turbulence, and it fices us the Reynauds number. Turbulent flow likely if Reynolds number is greater than _________. What is it called if we hear the turbulent flow with stethoscope? a. 2000; bruit 24. Which of the following is a fleeting neurologic dysfunction without lasting effect and dysfunction lasting from a few minutes to hours? a. Transient ischemic attack 25. The amount of blood ejected from the heart (left or right ventricle) per minute is called? a. Cardiac output 26. The main form of energy present in blood flow is the pressure distending the vessel. What form of energy does this represent? a. Potential energy 27. Patient s/p surgery carotid artery to remove plaque. What is this procedure called? a. Carotid endarectomy 28. Mr.James admitted from the emergency room with left sided facial droop, slurred speech and left sided parentheses the last two days. Carotid duplex is ordered. With this history, which pathology do you expect to find? a. Hemodynamically significant stenosis and/or occlusion right ICA 29. The Doppler Principle states that when sound reflect off an objects which is moving either toward or away from the source (transdcuer): a. There will be a change in received frequency 30. The ICA terminates by branching into all except a. Ophthalmic 31. Poiseulle’s equation gives flow rate if we know the pressure differential, the viscosity of the blood, and the length and radius of the vessel. Which of these is Poisseulle’s equation? a. Q = P x pi x r4/8 x l x n 32. Select best answer to describe reason for blood flow throughout body a. Pressure gradients 33. Which are the two main circulatory pathways in the body? a. Pulmonary and systemic 34. Mr.Bishop presents with two episodes of right eye visual disturbances lasting 5 minutes each. He has a history of smoking for 20 years but quit five years ago. He also has a history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Based on the history and risk factors, you suspect which of the following problems? a. Right ICA plaque formation 35. The best method to positively identify ECA is by a. Identification of branching arteries of ECA 36. Which of the following is the first branch of the ECA? a. Superior thyroid artery 37. Power Doppler mode is good for looking at very small, low-velocity vessels. We can get information about amount of flow, but the disadvantages is that a. Depending on age of equipment, we cannot obtain information about direction of flow 38. Which angle of insonation is assumed when performing a transcranial Doppler exam? a. 0-degree