Theory of Nationalism PDF

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – MAIN CAMPUS M.J. Cuenco Ave, Cor R. Palma Street, Cebu City 6000, Philippines GEC-LWR Life and Works of Rizal THEORY OF NATIONALISM Submitted by: Carao, Vera Mae S....

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – MAIN CAMPUS M.J. Cuenco Ave, Cor R. Palma Street, Cebu City 6000, Philippines GEC-LWR Life and Works of Rizal THEORY OF NATIONALISM Submitted by: Carao, Vera Mae S. Ranas, Christina Rhuela Submitted to: Ms. Carmel S. Berame, LPT Submission Date: October 4, 2024  Table of Contents Learning Objectives...………………………………………….…….…. 2 What is a Nation? …..………………………………………….…….…. 2 Benedict Anderson's Definition of Nation……………………….…….…. 2 Nationalism Vs. Patriotism. …………………………………….…….…. 2 Dr. Jose Rizal ………………………………………….…….…. 2 Rizal's Nationalism as Traced by its Cultural Roots …………….…….…. 3 Five Determining Factors in the Early Development of Rizal's Nationalism …. 3 Nationalism During the Time of Rizal..….…………………….…….…. 4 Rizal's Concept of Nationalism ……………………………….…….…. 4 Rizal's works ……….……………………………………….…….…. 5 References..…..………………………………………….…….…. 6 1 Learning Objectives: Differentiate “nation” from the concept of nationalism. Discuss the foundation of nationalism as traced by the cultural roots of Rizal. Discuss nationalism during the time of Rizal. Know how the works of Rizal relate to Philippine nationalism. Value the significant role of nationalism in the context of Rizal’s ideals. What is a Nation? - Nation is a community of people formed on the basis of a combination of shared features, such as language, history, culture, ethnicity, or society. Benedict Anderson's Definition of Nation - Benedict Anderson is a prominent historian and political scientist who explores the origin of nationalism. - Nation is an imagined community and is imagined as both limited and sovereign. - It is an imagined community because members of a nation with a shared identity may never meet each other but still feel the connection. Nationalism Vs. Patriotism Patriotism - A positive sentiment of pride and love for one’s country. Nationalism - A more intense form of loyalty that may lead to aggressive attitudes towards other groups or nations. It is the identification with one’s own nation and advocacy, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations. Dr. Jose Rizal - He is commonly known as the “Father of Nationalism”. 2 Rizal's Nationalism as Traced by its Cultural Roots - It is believed that 13,000 to 10,000 years ago, Negritos arrived in the Philippines and were considered as the first people who arrived here. - They are known to be hunters who taught their skills to the native Filipinos. - Studies show that Malays migrated around 2,300 years ago. They are believed to be the second group who arrived in the Philippines. - Malays brought a more advanced culture like iron melting and the production of iron tools, pottery techniques, and the system of sawahs (rice field). - The second wave of Malay immigrants brought with them the syllabary system. - The Muslim Malays, the last group of Malays to migrate to the Philippines, came and it marked the foundation and development of Islam in Mindanao and Sulu. The settlers already had established a certain culture and traditions on their own even before the Spaniards came. However, despite the similarities between Filipino tribes and inhabitants, unity was hard to attain in the country. The country was then divided into small independent political groups called Barangay. This lack of unity and identity between early settlers and native Filipinos made it easier for the colonizers to conquer the Philippines. Five Determining Factors in the Early Development of Rizal's Nationalism. 1. Rizal emphasized the importance of the Filipino language and its impact in the Philippines. 2. Rizal was openly critical of the friars. 3. Rizal defended Filipino civil rights. 4. Rizal discovered the power of a pen. 5. Rizal conceived a form of gradual nationalism. 3 Nationalism During the Time of Rizal In the 19th century, Filipinos fought for independence from Spain and it is said that nationalism was behind this event. Nationalism became a driving force behind the movement for independence because of the following: 1. Colonial Oppression and Social Inequality 2. Secularization Controversy 3. Education and Propaganda Movement 4. Economic Changes 5. Formation of National Identity Rizal's Concept of Nationalism Rizal wrote a letter to his close friend Ferdinand Blumentritt discussing the need for the young Filipinos to promote local nationalism. In his letter, he said, “Our youth should not devote themselves to love or to static speculative sciences as do the youth of fortunate nations. All of us have to sacrifice something on the altar of politics though we might not wish to do so.” However, nationalism as a concept was still vague from its humble beginning in 1872, particularly for the poor people in the Philippines. Jose Rizal and other reformers had but a scant idea of what it was all about. In his essay entitled “Indolence of the Filipino” he said, “The reasons that originate in the lack of national sentiment are still more lamentable and more transcendental. The lack of national sentiment brings another evil, moreover, which is the absence of all opposition to measures prejudicial to the people and the absence of any initiative in whatever in whatever may redound to its good. A man in the Philippines is only an individual; he is not a member of a nation. He is forbidden and denied the right of association, and is, therefore, weak and sluggish.” This motivated him to initiate and ignite the heart of nationalism of the Filipinos with the use of his pen. 4 Rizal's Work Noli Me Tangere - A symbol of unity, and a call for social reform and national consciousness El Filibusterismo - A call for unity, empowerment, and radical change. These works of Rizal are where he exposed the evilness of Spaniards. Through his writings, he was able to express his nationalism for our country. Most importantly, he knew exposing the Spaniards would put his life at risk but still, he didn't hesitate. He was willing to die for our country as long as it is so his beloved country could attain the freedom she deserved. When Rizal was in London, he wrote a letter with a note “To be opened after my death” before he went back to the Philippines only to be exiled. He said, “I have always loved my poor country and I am sure that I shall love her until my last moment, should men prove unjust to me. I shall die happy, satisfied with the thought that all I have suffered, my past, my present, and my future, my life, my loves, my joys, everything, I have sacrificed for love of her. Whatever my fate may be, I shall die blessing her and wishing her the dawn of her redemption.” Here, it reflects how great of a nationalist Rizal was. He was the catalyst for Filipinos’ nationalism which led to Philippine freedom. Because of his nationalism, he was able to help Filipinos form their national identity and motivated them to fight for their freedom in a peaceful manner. However, when Rizal was unjustly executed in Bagumbayan, this enraged Filipinos, and they opted for an aggressive fight for their freedom. In the end, Rizal's view of nationalism was attained by the Filipinos through his works and reform/propaganda movement. 5 References: A, S. (2021). *Rizal and the theory of nationalism*. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/presentation/475837425/RIZAL-AND-THE-THEORY-OF -NATIONALISM#:~:text=through%20his%20writings.-,He%20believed%20natio nalism%20sprang%20from%20a%20shared%20national%20identity%20and,indep endence%20from%20Spanish%20colonial%20rule. R., N. (n.d.). *Module 2: Rizal and the theory of nationalism*. Course Hero. https://www.coursehero.com/file/99130321/Module-2-Rizal-and-the-Theory-of-Na tionalismdocx/ A, S. (2021). *Rizal and the theory of nationalism*. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/presentation/475837425/RIZAL-AND-THE-THEORY-OF -NATIONALISM#:~:text=through%20his%20writings.-,He%20believed%20natio nalism%20sprang%20from%20a%20shared%20national%20identity%20and,indep endence%20from%20Spanish%20colonial%20rule. D., J. (2020). *Rizal and the propaganda movement*. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/rizal-and-the-propaganda-movementpptx/261 807372 Facts and Details. (n.d.). *The arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines*. Facts and Details. https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Philippines/sub5_6a/entry-3832.html#:~: text=It%20is%20believed%20that%20around,Philippines%E2%80%94arrived%20 in%20the%20Philippines. Travels of Rizal. (n.d.). *Rizal’s travels*. Weebly. https://travels-of-rizal.weebly.com/ 6