The purposes of introduction IT.pdf

The purposes of introduction IT: 1. a computer system has three main components: -hardware -software -people 2. the equipment associated with a computer system is called hardware. ………………………………………………… What is Computer - an electronic device that manipulates information or data. ………………………………………………… Fi...

The purposes of introduction IT: 1. a computer system has three main components: -hardware -software -people 2. the equipment associated with a computer system is called hardware. ………………………………………………… What is Computer - an electronic device that manipulates information or data. ………………………………………………… First Generation (1940-1956) 1. used vacuum tubes for circuitry, magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. 2. Very expensive, consumed great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunction. ……………………………………………. Second Generation (1965-1963) 1. Transistor replaced vacuum tubes, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-gen. 2. High-level programming languages like: COBOL and FORTRAN were used. …………………………………………… Third generation (1964-1971) 1. Integrated circuit was used, transistor was miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which increased the speed and efficiency of computer. 2. Computer for the first time became accessible to a mass audience, because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. ………………………………………………. Fourth generation (1971-1995) 1. Microprocessor were used, what in the first generation filled and entire room cloud now fit in the palm of the hand. 2. 4th generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and hand-held device. ………………………………………………. 5th generation (1995-until now) AI “Artificial intelligence’’ 1. 5th gen computing device, based on AI, are still in development, through there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. …………………………………………………… Different between (mini & mainframe computer VS Personal computer) mini & mainframe computer Very powerful Used by large organization such as Bank to control the entire business Very expensive Personal computer Easy to use Used as stand-alone computers Or in network Cheap …………………………………………………… Hardware components: 1. Input Devices - A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to interact pc. Input devices such as: • The mouse • The keyboard • Tracker balls • Scanners • Touchpad • Light pens • Joysticks 2. Output Devices - The monitor is how the pc sends information back to you. Output devices such as: • VDU • Printers • Plotter • Speaker • Speech synthesizers • Storage device ……………………………………………………. How pc memory is measured: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bit: all pc work on binary numbering system, they process data in one or zero called bit Byte: consist of 8 bites Kilobyte: consist of 1024 bytes Megabyte: consist of 1024 kilobytes Gigabyte: consist of 1024 megabytes …………………………………………………. Hardware component CPU (central processing unit): • is normally an intel Pentium and it one of the most important components within computer. • 600 MHz is much faster than a 400 MHz …………………………………………………. Some of the factors that impact on a computer’s performance: • CPU speed • RAM size • Hard disk speed and Capacity …………………………………………………. Operating systems software: Is a special type of program that loads automatically when you start your computer. …………………………………………………. Software component: Application software: is the type of program that you use once the operating system has been loaded. Application software such as: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Word processing apps (Microsoft word) Spreadsheets (Microsoft excel) Database (Microsoft access) Payroll (sage software) Presentation tools (Microsoft power point) Desktop publishing (adobe Photoshop) Multimedia apps (Microsoft Encarta “encyclopedias”) …………………………………………………. Information network 1. LAN (local area network) 2. WAN (wide area network) ………………………………………………… Uses of network - It is used for various reasons such as: 1. Information sharing 2. Research 3. Education 4. Online marketing 5. Online gaming 6. Banking …………………………………………………. Computer accessories -Modem: short of Modulate/Demodulate. Is sends information from your computer across the telephone system. ………………………………………………… PC at home 1. 2. 3. 4. Games Working from home Banking from home Connecting to web ………………………………………………. Pc in education - CBT (Computer based training) ………………………………………………. Office apps 1. 2. 3. 4. Automated production system Design systems Stock control Accounts / payroll ……………………………………………….. Computer in daily life: - Accounts – games – education – online banking - -smart id cards – supermarket – internet ………………………………………………………. Health & safety precaution • Repetitive strain injury • Glare from screen • Bad posture ………………………………………………. Value of backup 1. Use passwords 2. Use a UPS 3. Use ‘off-site’ storage ………………………………………………. Computer Viruses: - Are small programs that hide themselves on your disks. ………………………………………………..