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Introduction to Computer Systems and Generations
40 Questions
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Introduction to Computer Systems and Generations

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Questions and Answers

What are the three main components of a computer system?

  • Memory, processor, input devices
  • Monitor, keyboard, mouse
  • Hardware, software, people (correct)
  • Operating system, peripherals, network

    • Which generation of computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory?

  • First generation (1940-1956) (correct)
  • Second generation (1965-1963)
  • Fourth generation (1971-present)
  • Third generation (1964-1971)

    • What replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers?

  • Integrated circuit
  • Transistor (correct)
  • Magnetic drums
  • High-level programming languages

    • What was the major advancement in the third generation of computers?

    <p>Integrated circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made computers accessible to a mass audience for the first time?

    <p>Smaller size and cheaper cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What generation of computers saw the development of GUIs, the mouse, and hand-held devices?

    <p>4th generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is considered one of the most important within a computer?

    <p>CPU (central processing unit)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Modem in a computer system?

    <p>To send information across the telephone system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is used for online gaming, online marketing, and information sharing?

    <p>WAN (wide area network)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which software type is used once the operating system has been loaded?

    <p>Application software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 4th generation computers saw the development of GUIs, the mouse, and hand-held devices.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    5th generation computing devices based on AI are fully developed and widely used.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mini & mainframe computers are typically used by small organizations for standalone operations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bit is the smallest unit of measurement for a computer's memory.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CPU (central processing unit) is not considered one of the most important components within a computer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equipment associated with a computer system is known as software.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First-generation computers were inexpensive and energy-efficient.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Third-generation computers were the first to become accessible to a mass audience.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in the first generation of computers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Integrated circuits miniaturized transistors and increased the speed and efficiency of computers in the third generation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components make up a computer system?

    <p>Hardware, software, people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major advancement occurred in the second generation of computers?

    <p>Transistors replaced vacuum tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological development made computers accessible to a mass audience for the first time?

    <p>Integrated circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the primary components used in the first generation of computers for circuitry and memory?

    <p>Vacuum tubes, magnetic drums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What programming languages were commonly used in the second generation of computers?

    <p>COBOL and FORTRAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of input devices for a computer?

    <p>Examples of input devices include the keyboard, mouse, tracker balls, scanners, touchpad, light pens, and joysticks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is computer memory measured, and what is the relationship between them?

    <p>Computer memory is measured in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. Each unit is a multiple of 1024 of the previous unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of application software?

    <p>Examples of application software include word processing apps (e.g., Microsoft Word), spreadsheets (e.g., Microsoft Excel), databases (e.g., Microsoft Access), payroll software (e.g., Sage), presentation tools (e.g., Microsoft PowerPoint), desktop publishing (e.g., Adobe Photoshop), and multimedia apps (e.g., Microsoft Encarta).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are LAN and WAN, and what are their primary differences?

    <p>LAN stands for Local Area Network, and WAN stands for Wide Area Network. The primary difference is that LAN covers a smaller geographical area, typically within a single building or campus, while WAN covers a larger geographical area, often spanning cities, countries, or continents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some reasons for using a network, and how are networks used in daily life?

    <p>Networks are used for information sharing, research, education, online marketing, online gaming, and banking. In daily life, networks are used for activities such as online banking, gaming, working from home, and accessing the web.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The equipment associated with a computer system is called ______.

    <p>hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An electronic device that manipulates information or data is a ______.

    <p>computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    First Generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes for circuitry, magnetic drums for memory, and were often ______, taking up entire rooms.

    <p>enormous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transistor replaced vacuum tubes, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their ______.

    <p>first-gen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Integrated circuit was used, transistor was miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which increased the speed and efficiency of ______.

    <p>computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fourth generation (1971-1995) 1. Microprocessors were used, what in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. 2. 4th generation ______s also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and hand-held device. ………………………………………………. 5th generation (1995-until now) AI “Artificial intelligence’’ 1. 5th gen computing devices, based on AI, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. …………………………………………………… Different between (mini & mainframe ______ VS Personal ______) mini & mainframe ______ Very powerful Used by large organization such as Bank to control the entire business Very expensive Personal ______ Easy to use Used as stand-alone ______s Or in network Cheap …………………………………………………… Hardware components: 1. Input Devices - A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to interact with a PC. Input devices such as: The mouse The keyboard Tracker balls Scanners Touchpad Light pens Joysticks 2. Output Devices - The monitor is how the PC sends information back to you. Output devices such as: VDU Printers Plotter Speaker Speech synthesizers Storage device ……………………………………………………. How PC memory is measured: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bit: all PCs work on a binary numbering system, they process data in one or zero called bit Byte: consist of 8 bites Kilobyte: consist of 1024 bytes Megabyte: consist of 1024 kilobytes Gigabyte: consist of 1024 megabytes …………………………………………………. Hardware component CPU (central processing unit): is normally an Intel Pentium and it is one of the most important components within a ______. 600 MHz is much faster than a 400 MHz …………………………………………………. Some of the factors that impact on a ______’s performance: CPU speed RAM size Hard disk speed and Capacity …………………………………………………. Operating systems software: Is a special type of program that loads automatically when you start your ______. …………………………………………………. Software component: Application software: is the type of program that you use once the operating system has been loaded. Application software such as: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Word processing apps (Microsoft word) Spreadsheets (Microsoft excel) Database (Microsoft access) Payroll (sage software) Presentation tools (Microsoft power point) Desktop publishing (adobe Photoshop) Multimedia apps (Microsoft Encarta “encyclopedias”) …………………………………………………. Information network 1. LAN (local area network) 2. WAN (wide area network) ………………………………………………… Uses of network - It is used for various reasons such as: 1. Information sharing 2. Research 3. Education 4. Online marketing 5. Online gaming 6. Banking ………………………………………………… Computer accessories -Modem: short of Modulate/Demodulate. Is sends information from your ______ across the telephone system. ………………………………………………… PC at home 1. 2. 3. 4. Games Working from home Banking from home Connecting to web ………………………………………………. PC in education - CBT (Computer based training) ………………………………………………. Office apps 1. 2. 3. 4. Automated production system Design systems Stock control Accounts / payroll ………………………………………………. Computer in daily life: - Accounts – games – education – online banking - -smart id cards – supermarket – internet ………………………………………………………. Health & safety precaution Repetitive strain injury Glare from screen Bad posture ………………………………………………. Value of backup 1. Use passwords 2. Use a UPS 3. Use ‘off-site’ storage ………………………………………………. Computer Viruses: - Are small programs that hide themselves on your disks. ……………………………………………….

    <p>computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 5th generation (1995-until now) AI “Artificial intelligence’’ 1. 5th gen ______ devices, based on AI, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. ……………………………………………………

    <p>computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Input Devices - A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to interact with a ______. Input devices such as: The mouse The keyboard Tracker balls Scanners Touchpad Light pens Joysticks 2. Output Devices - The monitor is how the ______ sends information back to you. Output devices such as: VDU Printers Plotter Speaker Speech synthesizers Storage device ……………………………………………………

    <p>PC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bit: all PCs work on a binary numbering system, they process data in one or zero called bit Byte: consist of 8 bites Kilo______: consist of 1024 s Mega: consist of 1024 kilo______s Giga______: consist of 1024 mega______s ………………………………………………….

    <p>byte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hardware component ______ (central processing unit): is normally an Intel Pentium and it is one of the most important components within a computer. 600 MHz is much faster than a 400 MHz ………………………………………………….

    <p>CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

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