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Computer and Information PHMS-124 Chapter 1 Computer Basics Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 1 ...

Computer and Information PHMS-124 Chapter 1 Computer Basics Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 1  Reference Book Introduction to Computers & Information Technology, 3rd Edition ISBN-10 : 0135210151 ISBN-13 : 978-0135210154 Publisher : Pearson; 3rd edition (October 1, 2018 Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 2  Content 1. What is a Computer? 2. What is a Computer Hardware? 3. What is a Computer Software? Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 3  1-1 Terminology bit byte computer data hexadecimal value input internet memory output processing program storage 4  1-1 What is a computer? A computer is a machine that changes information from one form to another by performing four basic actions. Chapter 01 1 Computer and Information PHMS-124 5  Information Processing Cycle Input, processing, output, and storage are the four actions of a computer’s information processing cycle. Input is the raw information, or data, that is entered into a computer. It can be simple (such as letters and numbers) or complex (such as photographs). Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 6  Input Data is entered into a computer using code, and that code is made up of bits. “Bit” is short for binary digit. Each bit has two possible values: 0 or 1. Pieces of data are entered into the computer as combinations of bits, or as 0s or 1s. The bits are combined into groups of eight or more. Each group is called a byte. (10110010) Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 7  Computer Components Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 8  Processing Computer instructions depend on the program given to the computer. The instructions are written in binary code, using combinations of 0s and 1s. Computers can process data rapidly, performing millions of operations every second. Speed of processing is one reason why computers are so valuable. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 9  Output and Storage After the computer processes data, output is created. Output can take many forms, such as an image, sound through a speaker, or a document. Once the data has been processed, storage saves the information in a permanent place for continued access. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 10  1-2 Terminology central processing unit (CPU) peripheral circuit random access memory (RAM) circuit board volatile memory cloud storage memory card hardware optical storage device 11  1-2 What is Computer Hardware? Hardware are the computer’s physical parts. The processor is a hardware device that turns raw data into usable information. Most computer hardware is inside the computer case. This hardware is used for processing and storing data. There are other devices, such as a keyboard or mouse, that are only used outside of the computer case. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 12  Central Processing Unit One of the most important processing devices to a computer is the central processing unit, or CPU. The CPU is attached to a circuit board, and is covered in tiny electrical circuits that quickly carry information in specific ways that allow the computer to do arithmetic and compare data quickly. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 13  Storage Near the CPU is the primary data storage area called random access memory, or RAM. RAM is called volatile memory, which means it stores data when the computer is on, but the data is lost when the computer is turned off. Other storage hardware allows storage of data permanently, even when the computer is turned off. These are called secondary storage devices. Examples of secondary storage devices include: 1. Hard drives and flash drives 2. CDs and DVDs 3. Cloud storage is online storage offered through various web sites. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 14  Peripherals Input (such as keyboard and mouse) and output (such as monitors and printers) devices are typically separate from the case for most desktop systems. These are separate pieces of hardware but can be connected to the case. This is called a peripheral. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 15  Device Ports and Connectors Peripherals need to be connected to the computer for data to move back and forth. The connection can be via physical connection or wireless connection. Both require a connector. Some peripherals connect internally, or are built-in. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 16  Device Ports and Connectors There are several main types of connectors, or ports: Serial ports move data one bit at a time. For example, they connect computers to modems for internet access. Multiple device ports connect several peripherals to a computer at one time, and move data faster than serial ports. Examples of multiple device ports include Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI), Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, and Parallel ports. Ethernet ports are the most common networking technology used for local area networks (LANs). Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 17  Device Ports and Connectors Ports are usually labeled, may be color-coded, and labeled with icons Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 18  Device Ports and Connectors There are 3 different types of video ports and connectors: High- Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) - a digital cable standard for standard for audio and video transmission. Digital Visual (or Video) Interface (DVI)- used to connect a monitor or other display device to a computer. Video Graphics Array (VGA)- one of the oldest types of computer ports. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 19  Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Connections Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are wireless technologies you use to connect to devices and the internet. Windows includes a Settings utility for connecting a wireless device to a computer Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 20  1-3 Terminology application software apps operating system (OS) software system software utility software 21  1-3 What is Computer Software? Hardware includes all the physical pieces of a computer, and software includes all the programs that tell a computer what to do and how to do it. There are two main types of software: System software helps the computer work properly. Application software helps with tasks such as writing a paper or making a graph. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 22  System & Application Software Two types of system software include: 1. Operating system (OS): keeps things running smoothly by allowing the hardware devices to communicate with one another. 2. Utility software: does maintenance and repair jobs that the operating system cannot do itself. There are different categories of application software: 1. Graphics software makes it possible to draw, paint, and touch up photos. 2. Communication software allows computers to connect to the Internet and send email. Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 23  Operating systems that run on computers, tablets, and smartphones are examples of system software Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 24  You can download apps from an app store such as Google Play Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 25  THANK YOU Chapter 01 Computer and Information PHMS-124 26