American History Notes CH 8 - CH 10 PDF

American History ================ **NOTES CH 8 - CH 10** ====================== **Bill of rights** is the first ten amendments and gave the rights to citizens of America - - - Hamiltons America 1. ### A child born out of Wedlock in Carribeans, later came to Us 2. ### Entered the army...

American History ================ **NOTES CH 8 - CH 10** ====================== **Bill of rights** is the first ten amendments and gave the rights to citizens of America - - - Hamiltons America 1. ### A child born out of Wedlock in Carribeans, later came to Us 2. ### Entered the army and was Washingtons aide 3. 4. Hamilton\'s Plan **Reports on Public Credit** - Hamilton said that the national govt should assume all state debts during the revolutionary war. He knew the govt needed to get stronger, and the national debt would do that in 2 ways: 1. 2. This plan doesn\'t make everyone happy, many of southern states already paid off debt and didnt want to help northern states. Leading to Compromise of 1790 *Hamilton is secretary of state, Jefferson is the secretary of treasure* **Compromise of 1790**; The federal govt gets the debt, but the permanent national capital would be in the south along the ??????? With all money issues, Hamilton wants a bank that could properly get with governments leads. - - - **Report on Manufactures** - Hamilton wanted a strong manufacturing economy. One using industry rather than farming, for the basis of the nation. - Leading the opposition against Hamilton will be [Jefferson and Madison. ] With this opposition, first two political parties join together - - - [FEDERALISTS:] [REPUBLICANS:] - - **Neutrality Proclamation of 1793:** Both Hamilton and Jefferson like the idea, but differ on how it should be carried out. Which side should we favor? - - - Problems in the Old North West, helping the natives fight. Washington avoids war bc they arent strong enough yet. He sends John Jay to negotiate a treaty with british **Jays Treaty - British Problems** Was a failure, and extremely unpopular in America. British didnt follow it & said theyd only pay debts of impressments and goods after Americans paid their war debts. **Spanish Luck - Pickneys Treaty -** Spain had problem with America\'s bc they denied access to the Mississippi river mouth, and they were helping southern natives. With problems in europe occurring, Spain pays less attention to the Americans leading to Pinckney\'s Treaty. Gave Americans access to the mouth of Mississippi River, and settled disputes ab southern US border. Set it at the 31st parallel - **Whiskey Rebellion 1794 -** Hamilton\'s taxes put a big tax on liquor-- says its a luxury item. It upset many frontiersmen, bc it was a big cash crop. Corn, rye, apples, peaches, grapes are crops that can be used to create alcohol, lasting longer than the actual produce and in some places, using it as a currency. - **CHANGING OF THE GUARDS\ **In 1776 Washington decided he had enough, and did not seek reelection after **[2 terms.]** He returned to hometown. In his farewell address, acknowledges the positives of political parties, but warning of the division it can cause. He also warned ab the problems coming from permanent alliances w foreign govts. In 1796 election, we see division along party lines. Democratic republicans chose Jefferson as their leader, The Federalists went with John Adams instead of Hamilton bc he had upset many people - **John Adams:** Although he is federalist, he walked a fine line between the parties. He\'s open to listening to democratic ideas, even agreeing with some. He is smart and level headed - always believing in justice and the law. One of his biggest successes will also be seen as a big failure. He brought problems to himself bc he kept Washington\'s cabinet. There was no Following Jays treaty, the French are upset bc they say it violates their rights. America wont help them. They decide to start attacking American Ships just like the british did. They said they\'d kill any american found on a british ship. - **XYZ(anonymous people) Affair** - Many Americans are upset and want war, even democratic republicans. But Adams doesn\'t ask for declaration of war - feels it isn\'t justified. He wants to make sure the nation has a reason. Congress decides to act and started an informal war - QUASI **Quasi War 1798-1800:** we stopped trade, authorized capture of french ships, renounced 1778 treaty of alliance. Adams uses this as opportunity to build up the navy. From less than 5 to over 30 ships. French minister, Charles Tallyrand requests Americans to come back and talk. By the time Americans get to Paris, Tallyrand is no longer in power - Napoleon is in power and talks to them. This is the end of the Quasi war and the Treaty of Alliance. #### **PARTIES GONE BAD **Jefferson was greatly upset with John Adams and the federalists. He had someone publish negative pamphlets about Adams and his monarch views. (criticized that Adam was too british). Did all this despite being invited by Adams to work as a... The federalists tried strengthening their politics bc of the problems. With Adams approval(big failure), they pass 3 laws - Alien and Sedition Acts **Alien and Sedition Acts;** **Alien:** They could deport aliens in peace & wartime whenever the president wanted to. **Sedition:** People were fined or arrested if you said/did something bad about or to the government. Couldnt riot or publish negative material about govt. **Naturalization:** Citizenship process went from 5 years to 14 years. Point of these laws were to keep immigrants out. They tend to join Republicans, so the federalists wanted to make it hard to gain any power. Jefferson and Madison are angry - they create the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions **Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions:** Claimed the states created the constitution, so the states should be final judges on whether a law was legal or not. Federalists say it was the people who created it. Therefore the Supreme Court decides if things are legal or not. Was such a big debate, they had fights in congress. Matthew Lyon and Roger Griswold. Lyon is defending himse **REVOLUTION OF 1800** Tons of negatives for the federalists and John Adams, he had little hope. If he declares war, there\'s a chance he could get re-elected. But, he opted out for peace - it was best for nation. Hamilton doesnt support him either. This will be his downfall. **Jeffersons Problems** Jefferson is running again with Aaron Burr as his running mate. Jefferson had his own problems though. This is the first time publicly, stories go out about the relationship between Jefferson and one of his slaves - Sally Hemings.\ We get a tie between Jefferson and Burr. Jefferson wins after house of representatives decide - **THE EARLY REPUBLIC - CH 9** LAST EFFORTS Jefferson is elected - but hasnt taken over yet. Adams and federalists are still in power-- and push for **midnight judges.** They passed Judiciary Act **Judiciary Act 1801 -** Midnight judges Created a plethora of court positions. Adams signed appointments for all the judges just before he left the office. The point was to put a bunch of federalists in power-- **John Marshal** was appointed Chief Justice.... He was there for 30+ years. - **Maubary v Madison:** Maubarys paperwork was not delivered under john adams. It is now James Marshal's job-- who refuses to sign. He declares Maubary was right but it isnt constitutional-- can\'t force the government to appoint him. Supreme court decides whether things should be constitutional. JEFFERSONS PRESIDENCY While in office he didnt get rid of all federalist ideas. - - **Louisiana Purchase 1803--Treaty of San Ildefonso**: Napolean gets Louisiana from Spain, but treaty says if he deosnt want it he must give it back to spain. Jefferson doesnt want Napoloean getting too strong. Napoleon needed Haiti to make Louisiana profitable-- Slave revolts began, and turned towards revolution in Haiti. Napoloean gives up because he cannot take over. Jefferson sends Monroe and Livingston-- says they can spend 10 million dollars on NOLA and land east of MS River. Napoleon is scared of american alliance, or spain/britain getting in the area. He sold all of Louisiana for \$15 million. Jefferson sends Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore-- traveled over 8k miles from St Louis to Pacific. **Burr and Hamilton:** Both from NY. Wants to unite New York with New England. Most including Hamilton thinks its crazy. Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton fires his pistol-- Burr shot at and killed him. **Burr and Louisiana:** burr was indited for killing hamilton. He talks to James Wilkinson about separating Louisiana from the US to make a new nation. But burr was put on trial. MADISONS PRESIDENCY AND INDIAN WARS WAR OF 1812 THEATRES OF THE WAR TREATY OF GHENT BATTLE OF NOLA **CH 10** **NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM** - - - **Nationalism** is having pride in one\'s own nation and making a nation strong **Economic Nationalism** Following the war of 1812, Madison Monroe sought the approval of several key issues-- some of them turned out to be very federalists in nature. But the republicans see the positives in loose interpretation in the govt. John Calhoun of S Carolina, Daniel Webster of New Hampshire, John Q Adams of Massachusetts **Henry Clay** of Kentucky wants an [American System] with 3 parts. 1. 2. 3. - - - **Judicial Nationalism** John Marshall, supreme court of justice, helps play role in major cases. ***Dartmouth College v. Woodward*** New Hampshire legislature wants to break contract of school bc it was chartered by King George 3rd. Say that they arent an english colony, so there is no need for the contract. **Danny Westard** helps college get the case to supreme court. [Marshal] says the contract stands: "if business is to prosper-- men must have assurance that contracts will be enforced." ***McCulloch v Maryland*** Maryland tries to tax the national bank, it reaches the supreme court with 2 questions answered. - - ***Gibbons v Ogden*** New york gave monopoly to a steam boat operator on border of NY and NJ. Marshall said only congress has the right to regulate interstate trade. **DIPLOMATIC NATIONALISM** **Rush Bagot Agreement:** Demilitarizes the **John Quincy Adams:** takes charge-- will be a good name in international affairs and greatly affected secreatry of state. One of the best secretaries in the state the nation ever had. **Treaty of 1818:** set the Northern border of US w/ british Canada at the **49th** parallel. From wisconsin to rocky mountains **Adams-Onis Treaty:** 1819. Need a treaty due to Andrew Jackson\'s unauthorized actions in florida. - From the treaty, the US gained Florida and the western border for Louisiana territory. The Louisiana border was a step up from the Sabine river, to Red river, to Arkansas river, stopping at the **42nd** parallel. This left Oregon territory to be disputed with other European nations. **Russo-american Treaty:** set the russian-alaskan-southern border at the **54-40,** but still left Oregon to be disputed **Monroe Doctrine:** Adams advice-- given several points that all nations were to follow - - He did this because all the European nations still wanted big empires, but central and south American nations were in rebellion. Americans tried to make sure Europe had as little influence as possible. No way to enforce, but still would be influential. **NO MORE GOOD FEELINGS** Era of good feelings won, bad times would be around for a while. **Panic(economy tanks) of 1819:** Starts bc Europe doesn\'t need our goods as much, bc they aren\'t at war. People blame the national bank-- lasting for 3 years. Bank took a big reputation - **Embargo Act 1807:** stopped export of all american goods. It was supposed to hurt British, but it hit america even more because they stopped trade. Businesses plummeted. Smuggling began **Non Intercourse Act:**Repealed embargo act. Opened trade with all countries except brittain and france. It said the US will trade with whoever respects their neutrality first, neither do. **Macons Bill \#2:** reopened trade with british and france. "If one respects our neutrality, we will favor them." -- france agrees to this, but not fully & Britain ignores it. This causes Madison to ask for war--- until the British eventually agree. The US gets the news too late- and already declared war. **Missouri Compromise:** SLAVERY! Equal number of slavery in states. States that no more slaves go to Missouri-- and the ones there get set free.\ Clay calls for missouri to be a slave state & maine be free. **Treaty of Ghent (xmas eve):** British get serious about peace after the defeat of Plattsburg. Ended the war of 1812. No more war. **Battle of New Orleans:** Dec/Jan. Did not know about the treaty of ghent. So Andrew Jackson prepared for war with marshal laws(force). Jackson easily defeats Sir Edward Packenhen. **Results of Battle of NOLA:** Navy got stronger bc British were so strong. Older ships came back-- USS Constitution. America got respect from British. Federalist party falls apart. The Rise of the Future Leaders: Andrew Jackson, Winfied Scott, William Henry Harrison, Henry Clay, John Q Adams. **War of 1812:** Tecumseh (indian, native american) says they need to unite before they lose everything. Americans think British is still helping the natives fight. British were impressing sailors. Many englanders opposed. **Theatres of War of 1812:** Great Lakes and Old Northwest Lake Champlain and Niagara Frontier Washington DC and Baltimore South Terms I don\'t know but need to know: **ELECTION OF 1824**