Termology.pdf

Chapter 1 Concepts, Suffixes, and Prefixes of Medical Terminology Cohen FIGURE 01.F001: Gastroduodenostomy. A communication (-stomy) between the stomach (gastr) and the first part of the small intestine, or duodenum (duoden). FIGURE 01.F002: Structures named...

Chapter 1 Concepts, Suffixes, and Prefixes of Medical Terminology Cohen FIGURE 01.F001: Gastroduodenostomy. A communication (-stomy) between the stomach (gastr) and the first part of the small intestine, or duodenum (duoden). FIGURE 01.F002: Structures named with more than one word root. Medical terminology uses both the Greek root nephr and the Latin root ren for the kidney, an organ of the urinary system.  FIGURE 01.F003: Word derivations. The coccyx of the spine is named by its resemblance to a cuckoo's bill. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2019. TABLE 01.T001: Suffixes That Mean “Condition of”  FIGURE 01.F004: Thrombosis. This term refers to having a blood clot (thrombus) in a vessel. The word thrombosis has the noun suffix -sis, meaning “condition of.” Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2019.  FIGURE 01.F005: Injection sites for anesthesia. The word anesthesia uses the noun suffix -ia, meaning “condition of. ” The dura is a layer of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. One who administers anesthesia is an anesthetist or anesthesiologist. Smeltzer SC, et al. Medical-Surgical Nursing. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2010.  FIGURE 01.F006: Pediatrics is the care and treatment of children. The ending -ics indicates a medical specialty. In this photo, a pediatrician, one who practices pediatrics, is testing an infant's reflexes. The root ped/o means “child.” Taylor C, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. TABLE 01.T002: Suffixes for Medical Specialties FIGURE 01.F007: Geriatrics is the care and treatment of the aged. A specialist in this field, a geriatrician, is shown. Taylor C, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. TABLE 01.T003: Suffixes That Mean “Pertaining to,” “Like,” or “Resembling” FIGURE 01.F008: The anatomic position. This posture is standard in the study of anatomy. A person in this position is facing forward with arms at the side and palms forward (anterior). The adjective suffix -ic means “pertaining to.” Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.  FIGURE 01.F009: A neuron is a nerve cell. The adjective form of neuron is neuronal. Cormack DH. Essential Histology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.  FIGURE 01.F010: The pelvis is the bony hip girdle. The adjective form of pelvis is pelvic. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019. TABLE 01.T004: Suffixes for Medical Specialties FIGURE 01.F011a: Bones of the spine. A. Each bone of the spine is a vertebra. FIGURE 01.F011b: Bones of the spine. B. The spinal column is made of 26 vertebrae.  FIGURE 01.F012: A lumen is the central opening of an organ or vessel. Two blood vessels are shown, an artery and a vein. The plural of lumen is lumina. Cormack DH. Essential Histology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.  FIGURE 01.F013: Bones of the right hand (anterior view). Each bone of a finger or toe is a phalanx. Each hand has 15 phalanges. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019. TABLE 01.T005: Prefixes for Numbersa  FIGURE 01.F014: Brain hemispheres. Each half of the brain is a hemisphere. The prefix hemi- means half or one side. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.  FIGURE 01.F015: Heart valves. The valve on the heart's right side, the tricuspid, has three cusps (flaps); the valve on the heart's left side, the bicuspid, has two cusps. The prefixes bi - and tri- indicate number. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.  FIGURE 01.F016: A multicellular organism. This fungus has more than one cell. It is a simple multicellular organism. Koneman EW, et al. Diagnostic Microbiology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. TABLE 01.T006: Prefixes for Colors  FIGURE 01.F017: Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration. This abnormal coloration is seen in the toenails and toes, as compared to the normal coloration of the fingertips. The prefix cyan/o - means “blue.” Bickley LS. Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ; 2009. TABLE 01.T007: Negative Prefixes TABLE 01.T008: Prefixes for Direction FIGURE 01.F018: Abduction and adduction. The prefix ab- means “away from”; the leg is moved away from the body in abduction. The prefix ad- means “toward”; the leg is moved toward the body in adduction. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019. TABLE 01.T009: Prefixes for Degree TABLE 01.T010: Prefixes for Size and Comparison  FIGURE 01.F019: A neonate or newborn. The prefix neo- means “new.” Taylor C, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. TABLE 01.T011: Prefixes for Time and/or Position TABLE 01.T012: Prefixes for Position  FIGURE 01.F020: A synapse. Nerve cells come together at a synapse, as shown by the prefix syn -. The presynaptic cell is located before (prefix pre-) the synapse; the postsynaptic cell is located after (prefix post- ) the synapse. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.  FIGURE 01.F021: The right femur (thigh bone). The femoral neck is the fracture site in Case Study 1-3. Cohen B, Hull K. Memmler's The Human Body in Health and Disease. 14th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2019.