Medical Terminology - Foundation of Medicine (2024-2025) PDF

College of Medicine University of Mosul /Department of: community medicine Subject: Foundation of Medicine Stage: first 2024-2025 Objectives Define a prefix and state the rule for using prefixes in words Correctly identify common prefixes r...

College of Medicine University of Mosul /Department of: community medicine Subject: Foundation of Medicine Stage: first 2024-2025 Objectives Define a prefix and state the rule for using prefixes in words Correctly identify common prefixes relating to numbers, color, measurements negatives position, and direction. Demonstrate the ability to create words using prefixes. Prefixes A word part is attached to the beginning of the word While EVERY medical word has a root and EVERY medical word has an ending, a suffix, not every medical word has a prefix. The meaning of a prefix will not change from word to word For example, The prefix hyper-will always means "excessive or more than normal.“ Hyperglycemia ,hypertension ,hyperactive' On the other hand words with the same root can be altered by the addition of a Prefix. Example Word Prefix Definition Dyspnea Dys Difficult breathing Apnea A Absence of breathing Bradypnea Brady Slow breathing A / an- (No, not, without) Anaerobic Asymptomatic Anesthesia Lecturer: 3 Date: 12-2021 No.3 College of Medicine University of Mosul /Department of: community medicine Subject: Foundation of Medicine Stage: first 2024-2025 Esthes: sensation Loss of sensation Asthenia Sthen: Strength Loss of strength Numbers Mono- means one. Monocyte: A type of white blood cell that has only one nucleus. 1:Mono- Uni - Uni- (1). Also means one 2: Bi-, Di-. Unicycle 3. Tri-. Uninuclear 4:Tetra- Bi- (2) 5:Penta-. Bicycle 6. Hexa-. Bi-Biconvex 7: Hepta- Convex: rounded surface 8: Octa- Having 2 convex surfaces, as in lens 9: Nona- Quadri- means 4 10:Deca Quadriplegia Quadriceps ( muscle has 4 points of origin) Tetra- Means 4. Remember that Quadri is also meant 4. Hemi- (means half) Hemiparesis Hemiplegia An individual who has suffered a stroke or brain injury may suffer from hemiplegia. Semi- means half Semiconscious Semilunar =Half moon e.g aortic valve Chromo=color Lecturer: 3 Date: 12-2021 No.3 College of Medicine University of Mosul /Department of: community medicine Subject: Foundation of Medicine Stage: first 2024-2025 Leuko: white Leukocytes: white blood cells Erythro: red Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Chloro: green Cyano: blue Measurements Hyper- Excessive, more than normal (too much) Hypersensitive Hypertension Tension: pressure Increase blood pressure Hypo or hyp- Under, below, beneath less than normal. Hypoglycemia Glyc: sugar Emia. blood dys- Bad, painful, difficult, abnormal Dysentery -dys / enter/ y Dys = bad enter = intestines Y = condition Condition of bad intestines Multi-many: Multivitamin Poly- many, much > Polyarthritis Arthritis: inflammation of joints > Polydactyl - Dact. digit Oligo: few Oligoarthritis (Inflammation of a few joints) Mono: one, single Monoarthritis - Inflammation of one joint Position and/or Direction Abduction- moving away from the midline of the body. Ad - toward, increase ' Adduction - the process of moving toward the midline of the body. Lecturer: 3 Date: 12-2021 No.3 College of Medicine University of Mosul /Department of: community medicine Subject: Foundation of Medicine Stage: first 2024-2025 Ante- before in front Antecubital area Antenatal. Natal: related to birth. Before birth Anti: against Anti-antipyretic -Pyret: fever Drug that reduces fever Ecto- outside Ectopic (outside the normal place) Circum- around Circumoral Oro: mouth Around the mouth Infra- below lnfrared Red: red Lightwave below red Inter = between Intercellular Cellular= cell Situated between cells Intra = within Intracellular Situated within the cell Endo- within Endoscopy Epi = upon, above Epidermis Derm: skin Outer layer of skin Ex= out. Exhale. Hale = to breathe. To expel air from the lung by breathing Supra = above Suprascapular Above the scapula Sub = beneath Subcostal Cost: rib Beneath the rib Retro = behind Retrosternal Behind the sternum Para: beside Paracardiac Cardi: heart Beside heart Endocardia Endo = within Pericardium Peri: around Cardi: heart Membranous sac enclosing the heart Post = after Postprandial, Prandium: breakfast Occurring after the meal Pre = before Precancerous Before the development of cancer Prognosis Gnosis: knowing Prediction of the outcome of a disease Syn = together Syndactly Dact: digit Fusion of two fingers or toes Tachy: rapid Tachycardia cardia: heart Rapid heart rate Brady: slow Bradycardia Cardia: heart Slow heart rate Lecturer: 3 Date: 12-2021 No.3 College of Medicine University of Mosul /Department of: community medicine Subject: Foundation of Medicine Stage: first 2024-2025 Iso =same isomorphic Morph: shape Same shape Aniso: unequal Anisocoria Coro: pupil Unequal pupil size Dia- through Diagnosis from dia + to know Dia- through rrhea = flow or discharge Diagram Dia/gram Dia = complete -gram = record A complete record Shape Steno-: narrow, Stenosis Brachy-: short Brachycephaly Ortho = straight, normal Orthopedics: Branch of surgery dealing with diseases of the bones and joints Homogenous of similar nature Hetro = different Heterogenous SIZE Macro= large Mega Micro =small Microvascular Vascular: blood vessel-related Small blood vessel-related Pan: all Pancytopenia Cyto: cell Penia: deficiency Deficiency of all cells of blood Hydro: water Hydrocele Cele: cyst Cyst of water Con: with Congenital Genit: born Existing at birth Summary Every medical term should have a word root Every medical term should have a suffix References: Basic Medical Language. Medical Language for Modern Health Care. Lecturer: 3 Date: 12-2021 No.3