L10- Medical Terminology.pptx.pdf

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 1 Presented by Dr/ Hoda Khalifa Professor of Histology and cell biology Vice dean of students’ affairs Dear students & Objectives Identify the medical words’ building system Identify the commonly used medical prefixes and suffixes Differentiate compou...

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 1 Presented by Dr/ Hoda Khalifa Professor of Histology and cell biology Vice dean of students’ affairs Dear students & Objectives Identify the medical words’ building system Identify the commonly used medical prefixes and suffixes Differentiate compound medical words and terms List prefixes of position, color, directions, numerical....... Discuss different body planes  The Word-Building System Word Roots Suffixes Prefixes  Word roots of major organs in the human body Stomato Mouth Dento Teeth Gingiva Gums Glosso/linguo Tongue Nephro/reno Kidney  Word roots of major organs in the human body Encephalo Brain hepato Liver Gastro Stomach Entero Intestine  Compound Word Word root + word root = Compound word Chicken + Pox = Chickenpox Examples: underage, shorthand, download, brainstem  Compound Term: Word root/combining vowel/word root Gastr /o + scope Gastroscope Neur/o + surgery Neurosurgery Micr/o + meter Micrometer Hydr/o + phobia Hydrophobia Hydr/o + therapy Hydrotherapy  Prefixes and Suffixes A Prefix: comes at the beginning of a word A Suffix: comes at the end of a word  Suffixes Word root + Suffix = Noun dent -ist dentist Word root + Suffix = Adjective Anem -ic Anemic  Suffix: Singular vs. Plural Singular: Plural: Sarcoma Sarcomata Diagnosis Diagnoses Phalanx Phalanges Coccus Cocci Vertex Vertices Cervix Cervices PREFIXES of position circum-=around Peri-=around Meta-= beyond, after Retro-=behind Ultra-=beyond, in excess Meso-=middle Body planes  Body planes Coron/al Cut plain running from up downwards and divides the body into anterior and posterior halves Sagitt/al: a vertical cut made in an anteroposterior direction, divides the body into equal right and left halves  Towards the middle….medial medi/o o n s re cti D i Towards the side………lateral later/o Medial  Front: anterior………..anter/o o n s re cti Back posterior………..poster/o D i anterior posterior  Directional terms-combined Front and side anter/o/lateral Front and middle anter/o/medial Front and top anter/o/superior Back and side poster/o/lateral Back and outside of the body poster/o/external Back and inside of the body Poster/o/internal  Distance and directions Elbow is ….. to the hand (proximal) Ankle is ….to the hip (distal) Middle and side medi/o/lateral Above and to the side super/o/lateral  Numerical Prefixes GREEK LATIN hemi- semi- o Half mono- uni- o One prot- prim- o First di(plo)- bi- o Two tri- tri- o Three tetra- quadr- o Four penta- quint- o Five  Prefixes of colors Leuko = leukocyte Erythro = erythrocyte Cyano = cyanosis Melano = melanoma Xantho = xanthoma Chloro = chloroplast Chromo = chromocyte  Anti- = Against ❑ Anti/pyretic: An agent that works against fever ❑ Anti/toxin: An agent that works against a toxin ❑ Anti/depressant. ❑ Anti/coagulant ❑ Anti/convulsant  Contra- = Against ❑ Contra/indication 🡪 Against indication ❑ Contra/ceptive 🡪 Against conception ❑ Contra/lateral 🡪 Opposite side  Dys- = Painful, Faulty Prefix for painful, faulty, diseased, bad, difficult, abnormal ❑Dys/phag/ia: difficult swallowing ❑Dys/pepsia: indigestion ❑Dys/pnea: difficult breathing ❑Dys/uria: difficult urination  Pseudo- = False Pseud/o/cyesis, Pseud/o/pregnancy: A false pregnancy Pseud/o/cyst: A false cyst  Auto = Self ❑Auto/lysis: Self-destroying ❑Auto/immunity: Reaction of immune response to one’s own tissues  Word parts: roots related to disease Alg, algi: pain, myalgia, analgesia Carcin: cancer, carcinogen Onc/o: tumor, oncogene Lith: stone, lithiasis  Word parts: roots related to disease Path/o: disease, pathogen Py/o: pus, pyogenic Pyr/o: fever, fire, pyretic Scler/o: hard, sclerosis Tox/o: poison, exotoxin  Prefixes & Suffixes related to disease Mal-: bad: malabsorption Xero-: dry, xerosis Pachy-: thick, pachyemia -oma: tumor, blastoma -rhage: flow, hemorrhage -rhea: flow, rhinorrhea  Roots used as suffixes related to disease Edema: swelling, lymphedema Lysis: dissolving, destruction, hemolysis Malacia: softening, tracheomalacia Necrosis: death of, osteonecrosis  Roots used as suffixes related to disease Spasm: cramp, sudden contraction, bronchospasm Stasis: stoppage, hemostasis Stenosis: narrowing, arteriostenosis  PPT of prof. Basma ElSabah. Faculty of Medicine. Alexandria University Medical terminology, https://globalrph.com/medterm/a/ https://openmd.com/guide/medical-terminology