Study Notes PDF

Lesson 1: History and Models Pericles- An Anthenian politician, established democracy and built the Acropolis.(Promoted Arts and Literature) Protagoras- Considered the first and one of the most famous sophists. They taught men virtues and how to conduct their daily lives delivering rhetoric. Rhetori...

Lesson 1: History and Models Pericles- An Anthenian politician, established democracy and built the Acropolis.(Promoted Arts and Literature) Protagoras- Considered the first and one of the most famous sophists. They taught men virtues and how to conduct their daily lives delivering rhetoric. Rhetoric- The art of using words effectively. Historically it was used as persuasion. Deductive Reasoning- Using general premises to form a specific conclusion. Inductive Reasoning- Using specific premises to form a general conclusion. Ethos(credibility)- The personal character and perceived credibility of a speaker. Pathos(Emotion)- Putting the audience in a particular frame of mind using words, visuals, and non-verbals to appeal to emotion. Logos(Logic)- To mean facts, statistics, and other ways to appeal to logic and reason. Communication Models One-Way- No feedback loop. Transactional- Dynamic, continuous, circular, unrepeatable, and complex. Simmons Ecosystem- Dynamic and is interdependent with psychographic qualities Four Ears Model Factual- What do I inform about? The Appeal- What do I want you to do? Relational- How do we interrelate? Self-Revelational- What do I reveal about myself? Types of Noise Physical- Environmental sounds Physiological- Physical ailments/barriers Psychological- Mental Impact Semantic- Linguistic/concept issues Cultural- Misinterpretation of behaviors Linguistics Phonology- The study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages; how speech sounds are organized in the mind and used to convey meaning. This area questions what sounds go together and how various languages differ. Phonetics- The branch of linguistics that focuses on the production and classification of the world’s speech sounds. The production of speech looks at the interaction of different vocal organs, for example the lips, tongue, and teeth, to produce particular sounds. Syntax- The study of formation and structure of sentences. Semantics- The study of meanings. Morphology- The study of the formation of words. Pragmatics- The study of the use of language Lesson 2 Metaphor- Two unlike things or ideas that are compared to each other. Hyperbole- Intentional or obvious exaggeration. Parallelism- Similar structure or repetition in words or phrases. Simile- Connecting two different ideas and comparing them using “like” or “as”. Alliteration- Beginning two or more words in a grouping of words with the same consonant sound. Personification- The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman Anaphora- words repeat at the beginning of successive clauses, phrases, or sentence; this is a form of alliteration Enthymemes- A form of reasoning where there is a major and minor premise and the conclusion is not explicitly stated. Syllogism- A form of reasoning where statements are made, and based on those statements a conclusion is made about the topic. Lesson 3 Types of Biases In-Group Bias- Treating people who are a part of your group better than others. Listening to people who are in your social circle and believing they are more credible Ostrich Effect- Ignoring negative information. Peak End Rule- When our recall of past events is not accurate and this is brought up by a speaker, it impacts the way we listen. Confirmation Bias- We will actively listen to a speaker who confirms what we already believe and will not critically assess the information. IllusionaryTruth Effect- Believing misinformation when it is repeated multiple times. Forms of Listening Awe- The type of listening where the audience is ready to receive new information without judgment and without specific expectation. The purest form of listening. Cognitive- The listener will focus on the main ideas, the relation to what the speaker is saying in the greater context of the subject. Empathetic- Heart-focused listening. The listener is concerned with the feelings and emotions of the speaker and their story or life narrative. Entertainment- The listener has an expectation of experiencing joy, sadness, outrage, or other emotions for the purpose of enjoyment. Intuitive- The listener does not tend to actively choose this type of listening. It happens as a physical response (acknowledge or not) to the speaker or the content of the message. This type of listening can sometimes be skewed by prior experiences and conflicting thoughts. This is the gut instinct. This listening is a part of an internal compass. Lesson 4 ABC- Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Rapport- Rapport is the connection between the speaker and the intended audience. It is a nuanced relationship shown by how the audience responds to the speaker verbally and non verbally. Tone- Vocal tone is how you sound when you sing. Pitch- The technical level at which someone sings. You can be on pitch, which means in tune, or off pitch, which means out of tune. Resonance- When your voice is strong and the sound you deliver vibrates. Range- Your voice is classified as soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, and bass. The range depends on multiple factors. Register- Registers are the vibratory patterns that one’s voice has, and an accomplished singer will be able to move from one register (where the sound vibrates in the body) to another. Homographs- Words that are spelled alike but are different in meaning or pronunciation. Homophones- Words like there,their and they’re, sound alike yet have different meanings. Homonym- Term used to refer to both homographs and homophones. Polysemy- Words with one spelling and multiple definitions/meanings. CRAPP- Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose Lesson 5 Voice- How you sound when you sing. Pitch- The technical level at which someone sings. Resonance- When your voice is strong and the sound you deliver vibrates Range- Your voice is classified as soprano, mezzo soprano, alto, tenor, baritone, and bass. The range depends on multiple factors. Register- Registers are the vibratory patterns that one’s voice has, and an accomplished singer will be able to move from one register (where the sound vibrates in the body) to another. Organizational Patterns Cause and Effect- To show impact Chronological- To list time-bound events Classification/Partition- To show subsections of a whole part of one topic/source or thing. Narrative- To tell a personal, cultural, or organizational story Problem-Cause-Solution- To highlight issues, how they developed, and how they can be repaired/fixed. Spatial- To show how a subject is the same or different across geographical regions Monroe’s Motivated Sequence- Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action.