Science, Technology & Society Finals Reviewer PDF

**STS101** **SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY** **FINALS REVIEWER** **WEEK 13** - **Information Society** is based on Science and technology applied to everyday life. - **Social media** also poses certain risks especially in the dissemination of false information. - **Technology**...

**STS101** **SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY** **FINALS REVIEWER** **WEEK 13** - **Information Society** is based on Science and technology applied to everyday life. - **Social media** also poses certain risks especially in the dissemination of false information. - **Technology** in the Information Society can be a source of Noise and misinformation - **Printing press** in the 15th century is significant because it Allowed for the preservation of words - **Information Age** this era brought about a time period in which people could access information and knowledge easily. - **WORL WIDE WEB**(WWW) is combination of all resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - Before the Industrial Revolution, almost all commodities were created by Hand - With an increase in productivity, a surge in unemployment since many factory workers were replaced by machines. - **Industrialization**- advancement in technology to produce goods on a larger scale and a reliance on manufacturing process. - **Industrial revolution 1.0-** marked by a transition from hand production methods to machines through the use of steam power and water power. - **Industrial Revolution 2.0-** period saw significant economic expansion, a rise in productivity, and a spike in unemployment as a result of the machine replacement of many factory workers - **Industrial Revolution 3.0-**slowdown of industrialization and technological advancement with extensive use of computer and communication technologies in the production process. - **Industrial revolution 4.0-** the trend towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes. - The content in the combination of sounds makes words distinct from any other vocal utterance. - **Cuneiform**- First known form of written language. - **The relationship of words and meaning**: Words are informed with meaning given by the speaker and intended for the listener. - **Information-** Facts about a situation, person, or event - **Words** -To carry information - The primary function of language is to convey information/message. - The relationship between commodity production and the information society: In the information age, production has shifted from material goods to knowledge and information. - Main reason why individuals use the Internet in a social virtual community is **socialization**. - **Mathematics** is fundamental to the physical and biological sciences, economics, engineering, information technology, and increasingly the social sciences. Also, math helps us understand the laws and patterns of nature **WEEK 14** - **Gene theory** is a fundamental concept in biology that explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring - **Genes** are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making proteins - **RNA (ribonucleic acid**) is a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to proteins - **Biodiversity (biological diversity)** the total variety of life on Earth - Carolus Linnaeus a Swedish botanist - Systema Naturae: a classification scheme that used morphology - The broadest, most inclusive, taxonomic category is the Domain **All living things can be categorized into one of three Domains:** - Bacteria - Archaea - Eukarya - **Evolution**, by the mechanism of natural selection, provides a logical explanation for how populations change over time. It is also the process by which populations change overtime due to variations in traits and environmental pressures. - Evolutionary theory was co-discovered by **Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace**. - **Biotechnology** is a broad area of biology, involving the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products. BIOTECHNOLOGY the process of manipulating DNA in plants and animals for millennia. - **Genetic engineering** (also called genetic modification), is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome to alter the genetic makeup of an organism - **GMO genetically modified organism**: organisms whose genetic characteristics have been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. - Humans have modified crops and animals for thousands of years using traditional breeding practices which is **selective breeding** or artificial selection) - Experts say **60% to 70%** of processed foods on U.S. grocery shelves have genetically modified ingredients **Benefits of Genetic Engineering** - Enhanced nutrition - Increased food supply (cheaper production cost) - Increased pest and disease resistance (reduced pesticides) - Grow food in harsh climate - Make drugs **Scientific Consensus on GE Crops** - No evidence of ecological harm from genetic transfer to wild species - No evidence of harm to human health compared to traditionally-breed crops. **Week 16&17** - **Weathe**r refers to short term atmospheric conditions while **climate** is the weather of a specific region averaged over a long period of time. - **Weather** refers to day-to-day temperature, precipitation, and other atmospheric conditions - Temporary behavior of atmosphere - Small geographic area - Can change rapidly - **Climate** is the long-term weather pattern in an area, typically averaged over 30 years. - Long-term behavior of atmosphere (100+ years) - Large geographic area - Very slow to change - **CLIMATE CHANGE** is the long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation. - **GLOBAL WARMING** is the increase of the Earth's average surface temperature due to a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. - **Volcanic eruptions** affect climate by releasing particles that temporarily cool the Earth\'s surface. The particles and gases typically dissipate after about 1 to 2 years, but the effect is nearly global - **Tectonic plate** movements influence climate by shifting the location of continents and altering ocean currents over millions of years - The **greenhouse effect** is the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth\'s surface by "greenhouse gases." - Carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), fluorinated gasses, ozone (O3) and water vapor (H2O) are greenhouse gases that are found in the atmosphere - **Evidence of climate change-**Glaciers are melting - **Climate projection** refer to Models used to predict future climatic conditions based on emissions scenario - Consequence of rising sea levels due to climate change-Loss of coastal land due to flooding - The projected sea level rise in the Philippines by 2100 under a high emission scenario 20-30 cm - '**net zero' by 2050** means that any carbon emissions will need to be balanced by removing carbon dioxide from the air - **climate adaptation strategy**- Installing seawalls to protect coastal areas from rising sea levels - **climate emergency** a situation where immediate action is needed to address severe climate impact