Science and Technology Module (PDF)

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Cabanatuan City ISO 9001:2015 Certified College of Arts and Sciences Mathematics and Science Department Module in...

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Cabanatuan City ISO 9001:2015 Certified College of Arts and Sciences Mathematics and Science Department Module in SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY UNIT III. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN NATION BUILDING Danny O. Alfonso Cristo Mark D. Ancheta Roel S. Ang Leonardo M. Aquino Bryan Joshua V. Bacani Joseph R. Del Carmen Jaynelle G. Domingo Angel Joyce C. Fajardo Gian Carlo S. Gaetos Alpha B. Gumayagay Jewell Ann P. Manabat Darwin U. Ong Olympia O. Riogelon Julius Jay N. Rodriguez Janina C. Sercenia Glenda R. Tandingan Diwata Y. Villaflor This module is a property of the Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Overview This module gives you an idea about the general concepts of Science and technology and its importance in building the nation. Having a strong science and technology foundation will help to achieve significant breakthroughs. Various significant changes that happened in the society are brought about by Science and its technology. But what does happen to Science and technology in the Philippine setting? Let us look at it very carefully. Learning Objectives: At the end of the unit, I am able to: 1. discuss the role of Science and technology in Philippine nation-building; 2. evaluate government policies on Science and technology in terms of their contributions to nation- building; 3. identify the government's actual science and technology policies and appraise their impact on the Filipino nation; and 4. cite the importance of science-related programs and projects in the development of the Philippines economy. Setting Up Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Directions: Science and technology plays an integral part in human development and society. With this stance, answer the following questions on spaces provided. 1. Why is science and technology important in nation building? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How can science and technology help build our nation? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson Proper Importance of Science and Technology in Building the Nation Science and Technology (S&T) are fundamental for social and economic progress in developing countries. It is a well-established fact that Science and technology impact all aspects of our lives and the planet we live in. The Science and technology-induced changes have, for the most part, benefited humankind. However, science and technology-based innovations have been overused and misused that may harm humanity, pursued wealth and power, or both, which is the responsibility of all concerned to ensure that science and technology are used responsibly for the good of humankind. (Ratnasiri, 2006). In the Philippines, the critical role of Science and Technology is recognized: (1) In the 1987 Philippine constitution, Science and technology are given priority to "foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development."; (2) In section 10, Article XIV, it is stated that "Science and technology are essential for national development and progress." Philippine Government Science and Technology Agenda How the Philippine Government manages and develops Science and technology through its policies and program? The government mandates an "increase use of scientific and technological breakthroughs." The government aims to do this by "promoting and accelerating technology adoption" and stimulating innovation." It is based on the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022. The Philippine Department of Science and Technology (DOST; Kagawaran ng Agham at Teknolohiya) is the Philippine government's executive agency responsible for organizing science and technology-related programs, Philippines, and for formulating science and technology policies and initiatives to promote national growth. This agency established to "provide central guidance, leadership, and coordination of research and technical activities and ensure that the findings from such activities are directed and used in areas of full economic and social benefits for the people." DOST is composed of three (3) sectoral planning councils, seven (7) research, and development institutes, two (2) collegial bodies, six (6) service institutes, and several regional and provincial offices (Department of Science and Technology, 2014) Each of DOST 's programs, projects, and activities aims to produce the following outcomes. 1. Stimulation and innovation 2. Promotion and acceleration of technology adoption 3. Development of critical mass of globally competitive human resources on Science and Technology 4. Increased productivity and efficiency of micro, small, and medium entrepreneurs (MSMEs) 5. Ensure resiliency to disaster risks and climate change 6. Reduced inequality in science and technology capacities and opportunities 7. Achieve practical science and technology governance Major Development Programs and Personalities in Science and Technology in the Philippines Balik Scientist Program Our Science and Technology workers' continued migration abroad has led to brain drain in our country. The Department of Science and Technology has improved the Balik Scientist Program (BSP) to reverse the brain drain. The Balik Scientist Act of 2018 or RA 11035 signed by the President last June 2018. This program aims to sustain and make the program more attractive to Philippine scientists working and residing abroad. The Balik Scientist Program encourages scientists, technologists, and experts from the Philippines to return to our country, to share their expertise for the country's technological, agro- industrial, and economic growth, including building human resources in science, technology, and innovation. As of December 2017, 497 scientists served under the program. Most of our National Artists came from Asia, North America and, a few from Europe, Australia, and Africa (Dimailig, 2019)  The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARD), Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD), and Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) are the three DOST councils responsible for the engagements of the BSP awardees. Order of National Scientist The award Order of National Scientists is the highest distinction for a Filipino by the President of the Republic of the Philippines, with exceptional scientific and technical achievements. The difference instituted in 1976 through Presidential Decree 1003-A, which created the National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) as the country's highest recognition and advisory body in Science and technology. NAST recognizes national scientists annually for outstanding individual or joint accomplishments in Science or technology and gives the President the rank and title. Executive Order 236 lifted the status of National Scientists into the Order of National Scientists in 2003. (University of the Philippines Diliman, 2020) As of 2018, there are 41 National Scientists. Two of them are engineer agriculturist Ramon Barba and biologist Angel Alcala. Small and Medium Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SETUP) SETUP stands for Small and Medium Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program is one of the flagship programs of DOST. SETUP is a national strategy aimed at encouraging and assisting small and medium-sized enterprises in adopting technology innovations to improve their operations, thus boosting their productivity and competitiveness. The program helps businesses to tackle their technological challenges through technology transfer and development interventions. According to DOST, in 2018, the companies supported by SETUP produced: 42,853 jobs, P 8.344 billion cumulative gross sales, and 41% productivity increase, a total of 20635 technology inventions, and There 773 projects funded. Grants-In-Aid Program The Grants-In-Aid (GIA) is one of the programs of the Department of Science and Technology that aims to harness the country's scientific and technical capacities to promote sustainable economic growth and development. The GIA program is structured by funding related science and technology (S&T) undertakings to contribute to Filipinos' productivity and quality of life through the generation and promotion of appropriate technologies. It also aims to reinforce participation, transfer, use of technology, human resources development, dissemination of information, advocacy, and linkages. The GIA program offers grants for implementing programs/projects defined in the current DOST priorities and thrusts and supports S&T activities classified under the General Appropriations Act (GAA). Forest Products Research and Development Institute The Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI) researches forest products from wood and non-wood. It is the center of applied technologies in the country for the utilization of forest products. Legal Basis: Executive Order No. 257 (1957). The transferred the Forest Products Research Institute (FPRI) from the Bureau of Forestry of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources to the University of the Philippines (as Forest Products Laboratory). Republic Act No. 5526 (June 21, 1969) created the Forest Products Research and Development Commission (FORPRIDECOM) under the National Science Development Board (NSDB). Executive Order No. 784 (March 17, 1982) renamed the NSDB to the National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA), and the FORPRIDECOM became the Forest Products Research and Development Institute (FPRDI). Executive Order No. 128 (January 30, 1987) reorganized the NSTA into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), with the FPRDI being retained under it.  Philippine Nuclear Research Institute The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI), formerly the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), was founded on June 13, 1958. It is one of the research institutes within the Department of Science and Technology. It is authorized to perform research and development activities on the peaceful use of nuclear energy, aiming to lay down regulations on these uses and enforce those regulations. This will help protect the health and safety of workers and the general public. Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) Project NOAH was an integrated disaster prevention and mitigation program of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). This project designed to employ Science and technology to produce reliable data and meet the conditions required by national government agencies, private sector stakeholders, and academy to make informed decisions on disaster risk management activities. Project NOAH aims to fulfill its vision of disaster-free and empowered communities by providing open access to accurate, reliable, and timely hazard and risk information that has been updated and enhanced using advanced technology. This also undertakes research projects to develop technology and resources that further strengthen government capacity and help the public plan for and respond to disasters. In March 2017, study, development, and extension services on natural hazards, disaster risk management, and climate change actions developed at the University of the Philippines as the UP NOAH Centre. Philippine-California Advanced Research Institutes (PCARI) Project The Philippine-California Advanced Research Institutes (PCARI) project is a new approach to enhance the skills and abilities of Philippine universities and colleges' faculty and staff through scholarships, training and research collaborations with leading research universities in California, USA, in the priority areas of information infrastructure development (IID) and health innovation and translational medicine (HITM). Philippine Space Program The Philippines' space program is technically decentralized and managed under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) by different agencies. It aims to set the foundation for the establishment of a Philippine Space Agency. The Philippine government passed the "Philippine Space Act" (Republic Act 11363) in 2019. It is under the newly formed Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) to see the integration and centralization of space research and development. The development of the space program is essential for national security, agricultural development, environmental management, and climate change mitigation. The program aims to develop technologies such as uncrewed aerial vehicles, microsatellites, and communication satellites. Science Education in the Philippines Science is part of the K to 12 curriculum, which focuses on improving student scientific literacy skills, beliefs, and attitudes, such as objectivity, curiosity, integrity, and habits of mind, including critical and logical thinking skills. Science stimulates learners' interest and knowledge of phenomena and events of the world around them. In general, all these skills, values, attitudes, and dispositions are likewise relevant to the individual student for his personal development, future career, and life. Science is relevant because of its links to technology and industry, which, from a national perspective, are areas of high development priority. Scientific research provides a systematic way to make sense of the world. DOST Scholarship Programs The DOST-SEI Merit Scholarship Program mandated under the Republic Act 7687 or the Science and Technology Act of 1994. The program is awarded to highly qualified students in Science and mathematics and can pursue careers in science and technology. Most Filipino scientists, inventors, innovators, engineers, and professionals have benefited from DOST scholarship programs.  Philippine Science High School The Philippine Science High School System (PSHS) is a highly specialized public high school system in the Philippines that operates as an attached DOST agency. It is considered the top high school in the Philippines and ranked among the highest in the ASEAN region in 2016. It has 16 campuses located in the following areas nationwide. Regional Science High School Union The Regional Science High School Union (RSHS-Union) established in the Philippines during the 1994-1995 school year. It is a specialized system of public secondary schools managed and regulated by the Department of Education, with a curriculum that focuses heavily on Math and Science. The DOST established several programs to improve science education in the country, such the following: (1) Project HOTS; (2) VISSER; (3) STAR BOOKS; and (4) InnoBox Project. Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines The indigenous Science and technology in the Philippines are rich in cultural diversity. Our country has more than 100 tribes or groups, and each has a different but interconnected indigenous science and technology. Many herbal medicines that we are currently using to treat some diseases have an indigenous origin. Many indigenous practices in resource management have been documented, like the muyong system in Ifugao and the lapat system in Apayao. References Braan-Imai, R. (2018, October 2). Watershed Sentinel. Retrieved from Indigenous Science and Technology: https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/indigenous-science-technology/ Bueno, D. C. (2019). Science, Technology and Society. Mandaluyong City: Books Atbp. Publishing Corp. Commission on Higher Education. (2019). Retrieved from Philippine-California Advanced Research Institutes: https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-california-advanced-research-institute-pcari/ Department of Science and Technology. (2014, April 26). Retrieved from The DOST in Brief: http://www.dost.gov.ph/transparency/about-dost/history-and-logo.html Dimailig, C. J. (2019, June 25). Philippine Council for Health Research and Development. Retrieved from Balik Scientist Program (BSP): Balik Puso, Balik Pilipinas: http://www.pchrd.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/6455-balik-scientist-program-bsp-balik-puso-balik- pilipinas DOST Region 9. (2016, September). Retrieved from Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program: http://www.region9.dost.gov.ph/products-and-services Giacomin, N. (2019, November 18). Space Legal Issues. Retrieved from The Philippine Space Act: https://www.spacelegalissues.com/the-philippine-space-act/ Ilagan, Y. A. (2018). Science Technology and Society. Muntinlupa City: Panday-Lahi Publishing House Inc. Ratnasiri, N. (2006). The role of Science and Technology in Nation Building. J. Natn. Sci. Foundation, 113. Science Education Institute (SEI)-Department of Science and Technology (DOST). (2019). Retrieved from http://www.sei.dost.gov.ph/index.php/programs-and-projects SEI-DOST Region 8. (2005). Retrieved from Grants in Aid Program: http://region8.dost.gov.ph/programs- services University of the Philippines Diliman. (2020). Retrieved from National Scientists: https://upd.edu.ph/national-scientists Assessing Learning Activity 8 Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Score: _______________________ Directions: Answer the following questions by writing on spaces provided. 1. Discuss the important role of science and technology in the following field/sector: a. Health _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Social Services _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Agriculture _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Economy _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ e. Natural disasters _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ f. Environment _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Among the research agenda, which do you think is most appropriate to your community? Evaluate your answer. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain how the following programs/projects were able to contribute to nation building. a. Balik Scientist Program _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Small and Medium Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SETUP) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Grants-in-Aid Program _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Project NOAH _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ e. Philippine Space Program _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________  Activity 9 Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Score: _______________________ Directions: Answer the following questions by writing on spaces provided. 1. Discuss the important role of science education in the development of the country. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. As a student, what problems have you experienced in Philippine science education? What solution/s can you recommend to address these problems? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. If you were given a chance to talk with the President of your university, what aspects of science education would you suggest to change, and why? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How do you differentiate the science courses in high school under K12 curriculum and the science courses before its implementation? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  Activity 10 Name: _____________________________________________ Date: ________________________ Course/Year/Section: ___________________________ Score: _______________________ Directions: Answer the following questions by writing on spaces provided. 1. Provide specific examples to differentiate indigenous science from indigenous technology. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the role of indigenous science in the development of science and technology in the Philippines? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________