STS Questions PDF

What is Science? Science is the systematic inquiry into nature and human nature to explain, predict, and control phenomena. What is Technology? Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge to meet human needs through tools, methods, and systems. What is Science, T...

What is Science? Science is the systematic inquiry into nature and human nature to explain, predict, and control phenomena. What is Technology? Technology is the practical application of scientific knowledge to meet human needs through tools, methods, and systems. What is Science, Technology, and Society (STS)? STS is an interdisciplinary field that studies the interaction between science, technology, and societal values. It examines how societal values influence scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, shape society and culture. How do societal values influence technology? Societal behaviors, needs, and values dictate the type of technology that is developed. For example, the design of jeepneys in the Philippines reflects the cultural preference for open and flexible public transport. How does technology shape culture? Technology impacts values, behaviors, and lifestyles. For instance, advancements in IT influence how people communicate and access information, shaping a digitally connected society. What is the role of Science and Technology in policy-making? Science and technology provide data, tools, and innovations that inform policies on health, security, environment, and education, helping to address societal challenges effectively. Why is bioethics important in science and technology? Bioethics ensures that research and innovation adhere to ethical standards, fostering global collaboration and equitable productivity among scientists How does Hiroyuki Yoshikawa view the relationship between humankind and technology? He emphasizes that science and technology should serve humankind rather than control it. What are paradigm shifts, and why are they important in STS? Paradigm shifts are major changes in scientific thought or technological practice that significantly impact society. They are important because they alter how people live, think, and interact. Who is known for inventing papyrus, which became the first material used for writing in ancient Egypt? Egyptians Which substance derived from poppy seeds is used for pain relief? Morphine Which philosopher is known for proposing that everything originated from water? Answer: Thales  What concept did Anaximander introduce about the origin of human beings? Humans evolved from fish-like creatures. Who first proposed the idea that all matter is composed of atoms? Leucippus Who is known as the "father of the life sciences" due to his contributions to biology and classification? Aristotle Which scientist is best known for his principle of buoyancy, stating that an object will displace its weight in fluid? Archimedes Who accurately predicted the solar eclipse, marking the first significant advancement in understanding celestial events? Thales Who is credited with the theory of spontaneous generation, stating that life could come from non-living matter? Aristotle Which philosopher is credited with formulating the scientific method that emphasizes experiments and logical reasoning? Robert Grosseteste Who is recognized for proposing the heliocentric theory, suggesting that the Earth orbits around the Sun? Nicolaus Copernicus Who discovered the fundamental laws related to fluids and pressure, now known as Pascal’s Law? Blaise Pascal Which scientist developed the theory of universal gravitation, which explained how objects are attracted to each other? Isaac Newton Which scientific law did Isaac Newton outline in his work “Principia”? The laws of motion and universal gravitation Which scientist developed the first atomic theory and worked on the concept of chemical reactions? John Dalton Who discovered the Law of Mass Conservation, stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed? Antoine Lavoisier Who is known as the father of modern chemistry for his work on chemical reactions and matter? Antoine Lavoisier Which scientist invented the microscope and discovered microscopic life forms? Antoni van Leeuwenhoek  Who is credited with formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation? Isaac Newton Which philosopher is known for his work on logic, philosophy, and natural sciences, despite errors such as spontaneous generation? Aristotle Which philosopher theorized that the basic element of the universe was air, and all things come from it? Anaximenes Who first stated that the Earth is not flat, but rather a sphere? Pythagoras Which scientist introduced the concept that energy exists in small packets, now called quanta? Max Planck Who is known for the classification of all living organisms into two main categories: plants and animals? Aristotle Who contributed significantly to the atomic theory and gas laws in the 19th century? John Dalton Who proposed that the Sun is at the center of the universe, rather than the Earth? Copernicus What did Blaise Pascal discover regarding pressure and fluids? Pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. Which ancient Greek philosopher is associated with the idea of spontaneous generation? Aristotle Who is credited with developing the concept of energy conservation, showing that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed? James Joule Who is regarded as the first to develop the modern atomic theory, emphasizing that matter is composed of indivisible atoms? Leucippus Which scientist's work contributed to the development of the first scientific method, emphasizing experimental validation? Robert Grosseteste Who first discovered that water displacement can be used to calculate the volume of irregular objects? Archimedes Which philosopher believed that everything was made from water, air, and fire? Empedocles  Who formulated the laws that describe the behavior of gases under various conditions of temperature and pressure? Robert Boyle Which philosopher proposed that the universe is made up of tiny indivisible particles called atoms? Democritus Who is known for his work on the laws of motion and is credited with forming the basis for classical mechanics? Isaac Newton Who was the first to identify and work with the concept of force, motion, and gravity in a scientific context? Isaac Newton Who is known for his work on the theory of fluid dynamics and the principle of buoyancy? Archimedes Who introduced the concept of the atom and the void in ancient Greek philosophy? Democritus Which philosopher is best known for his work on the classification of animals and the theory of spontaneous generation? Aristotle The Nature of Revolution 1. What is a revolution described as in this context? a. A gradual improvement in society b. A fundamental change of perspective or view c. A violent overthrow of a government d. A transformation of economic systems Answer: b. A fundamental change of perspective or view Network Externality Effect 2. What describes the network externality effect? a. The value of a service decreases as users increase b. The value of a service increases with more users c. The value of a service is constant regardless of users d. The value of a service decreases when it becomes indispensable Answer: b. The value of a service increases with more users 3. Which example best explains the network externality effect? a. "The more users it has, the less useful it becomes." b. "If nobody has one, it’s useless. If everyone has one, it’s indispensable." c. "Services lose value over time as more people use them." d. "The network effect is independent of user numbers." Answer: b. "If nobody has one, it’s useless. If everyone has one, it’s indispensable." Mass Media Development 4. Which medium was mass-produced before 220 AD using woodblock printing? a. Radio b. Print media c. Cinema d. Television Answer: b. Print media 5. Who invented the movable type in 1040 AD? a. Bi Sheng b. Johannes Gutenberg c. Heinrich Hertz d. Guglielmo Marconi Answer: a. Bi Sheng 6. What medium became the primary tool for influencing public opinion in the 1950s? a. Radio b. Cinema c. Television d. Internet Answer: c. Television 7. What was ARPANET’s role in media development? a. Inventing movie cameras b. Connecting academic and military networks c. Introducing commercial television d. Replacing the radio Answer: b. Connecting academic and military networks Internet and Digital Communication 8. What is a key feature of the Information Age? a. Decreased access to information b. Rapid advancements in digital communication c. Reduction of globalization d. Focus on traditional industries Answer: b. Rapid advancements in digital communication 9. What technologies replaced traditional communication methods during the Information Age? a. Landline telephones and postal mail b. Email, messaging apps, and social media platforms c. Television and radio broadcasting d. Smoke signals and fire beacons Answer: b. Email, messaging apps, and social media platforms 10. What is a significant benefit of the internet in the Information Age? a. Limited access to niche knowledge b. Instant access to vast amounts of information c. Reduced need for collaboration d. Eliminated the use of print media Answer: b. Instant access to vast amounts of information 11. Which feature is NOT associated with digital communication? a. Faster global connections b. Privacy concerns c. Reduced use of data d. Social media interactions Answer: c. Reduced use of data Education in the Information Age 12. How has the internet transformed education in the Information Age? a. It replaced traditional schools entirely. b. It made learning resources more accessible. c. It eliminated the need for teachers. d. It decreased collaboration between students. Answer: b. It made learning resources more accessible. 13. What educational tools emerged due to the Information Age? a. Online learning platforms and digital resources b. Printed textbooks and chalkboards c. Lecture halls and in-person tutorials d. Typewriters and manual filing systems Answer: a. Online learning platforms and digital resources 14. Which is NOT an educational benefit of the Information Age? a. Accessibility to vast knowledge b. Enhanced collaboration through online tools c. Limited educational resources d. Ability to learn from anywhere Answer: c. Limited educational resources 15. What is a major drawback of the Information Age in education? a. Over-reliance on technology b. Reduced diversity in learning methods c. Decline in knowledge sharing d. Inaccessibility of digital tools Answer: a. Over-reliance on technology History of Communication and Computing 16. What is an early communication method mentioned? a. Fire beacons b. Morse code c. Smoke signals d. Semaphore flags Answer: a. Fire beacons 17. Which computing aid involved rods inscribed with numbers to perform calculations? a. Counting board b. Abacus c. Napier’s Bones d. Punch cards Answer: c. Napier’s Bones Evolution of Computers 18. Who is known as the "Father of the Computer"? a. Ada Lovelace b. George Boole c. Charles Babbage d. Herman Hollerith Answer: c. Charles Babbage 19. What was the first computer to store a program in memory? a. ENIAC b. EDSAC c. ABC d. UNIVAC Answer: b. EDSAC 20. What invention in the 1970s is attributed to Marcian "Ted" Hoff? a. Microprocessors b. GUI interface c. Floppy disk d. ARPANET Answer: a. Microprocessors Computer Generations and Innovations 21. What does Moore’s Law predict? a. Transistors double every two years, reducing costs b. Computers will become outdated every two years c. CPU speed increases every year d. Software complexity doubles every five years Answer: a. Transistors double every two years, reducing costs 22. What was the first popular microcomputer? a. Xerox Alto b. Altair 8800 c. Apple I d. IBM PC Answer: b. Altair 8800 Impact of the Information Age 23. What period preceded the Information Age? a. Agricultural Age b. Industrial Age c. Scientific Revolution d. Digital Age Answer: b. Industrial Age 24. What environmental concern is tied to the Information Age? a. Lack of electronic device manufacturing b. Decreased energy consumption by digital technologies c. Disposal of electronic devices d. Reduced carbon footprint Answer: c. Disposal of electronic devices