Lecture 1 - General Concepts and Historical Developments of Science Technology and Society PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 COURSE LEA...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVE Differentiate the concepts of science, technology, and society. As well as to share insights about its historical developments and impacts or contributions to human and societal progress.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES Topics: Objectives: 1. Understanding Science and Scientific Revolution 1. Differentiate the concepts of science, technology, and society; and cite the contribution of the scientific revolution. 2. Discuss how the ideas of Copernicus, Darwin, and 2. Intellectual revolutions and defined Society Freud added to inspire the advancement of scientific revolution. 3. Cradles of Early Science 3. Analyze what revolutions in science occurred in several parts of the world like in Latin America, East Asia, Middle East, and Africa.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES Topics: Objectives: 1. Understanding Science and Scientific Revolution 1. Differentiate the concepts of science, technology, and society; and cite the contribution of the scientific revolution. 2. Discuss how the ideas of Copernicus, Darwin, and 2. Intellectual revolutions and defined Society Freud added to inspire the advancement of scientific revolution. 3. Cradles of Early Science 3. Analyze what revolutions in science occurred in several parts of the world like in Latin American, East Asia, middle East and Africa.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION PRE-ACTIVITY 1 1. What is your definition of Science? 2. What do you know about the scientific revolution? Share your answer with the class 4. Write the common characterization of science  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Lesson 1: Understanding Science and Scientific Revolution SCIENCE an organized body of knowledge, wisdom, and experiences concerning the natural and physical world that cane be based on in the attitudes, processes and skills as the body of knowledge is formed (Pawilen, 2006). Gribbin (2003) as historical perspective An intellectual as well as a social activity carried out by humans in their pursuit to have a better understanding of the natural world.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science can be defined as: It is an idea - it comprises ideas, beliefs, theories and all systematic reasons and observations on the natural and physical world.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science can be defined as: It is a personal and social activity - it includes activities of human beings to acquire better understanding of the world.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science can be defined as: It is a courser or field of study - it is a subject in basic education, discipline or a field of study in higher education that deals with the process of teaching and learning about the natural and physical world. This is what we call as science.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Science can be defined as: It is an intellectual activity - it incorporates a methodical and applied study of the natural and physical world that involves observation and experimentation.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Scientific Revolution (1543–1687) Started early 16th century to 18th century in Europe. Started with the invention of printing machines that allows to the mass production of reading materials and flourished the intellects from different places. Era of enlightenment and intellectualization that nurtured the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry. It modernized the understanding and practices of science and gave birth to scientific processes and experimentations. GUTENBERG PRINTING PRESS  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Scientific Revolution Major: Scientific Developments Astronomy: Shift from geocentrism to heliocentrism; development of telescopes and improved observational techniques. Physics: Introduction of the scientific method; exploration of motion, forces, and gravity. Biology: Advances in understanding human anatomy through dissection, notably by Andreas Vesalius, and the study of microorganisms initiated by Robert Hooke and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. Chemistry: Transition from alchemy to modern chemistry, including the identification of elements and the study of chemical reactions.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION What are the contributions of the Scientific Revolution?  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Technology is a body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing actions, and extracting materials. is human knowledge that involves tools, materials, and systems. The application of technology typically results in products. is machinery and equipment developed from the application of scientific knowledge. is dynamic; it keeps on improving because our needs and demands for technology keep on changing.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Reference: https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1231705 TECHNOLOGY UPDATES IN THE PHILIPPINES  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Society Is a kind of collective entity, as is a nation, a state, an organization, and a family. is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Any group of people who have lived and worked together long enough to get themselves organized and to think of themselves as a social unit with well defined limits.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION What are the differences between SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, and SOCIETY?  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES Topics: Objectives: 1. Understanding Science and Scientific Revolution 1. Differentiate the concepts of science, technology, and society; and cite the contribution of the scientific revolution. 2. Discuss how the ideas of Copernicus, Darwin, and 2. Intellectual revolutions and defined Society Freud added to inspire the advancement of scientific revolution. 3. Cradles of Early Science 3. Analyze what revolutions in science occurred in several parts of the world like in Latin American, East Asia, Middle East and Africa.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND DEFINED SOCIETY Pre -Activity 2 Share your insights/thoughts about the “Transforming the Society through Science: Lessons from the Scientific Revolution” in the class.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND DEFINED SOCIETY Lesson 2: Intellectual revolutions and defined Society Scientist that has notable contributions: Nicolaus Copernicus “thought experiment” appointed as a canon at From Bork Cathedral in Poland after a Doctorate degree. influenced by the book Epitome published by a German Johannesburg Mueller in 1946 containing the observations of the heavens and some commentary on earlier works.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND DEFINED SOCIETY Lesson 2: Intellectual revolutions and defined Society Scientist that has notable contributions: Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus orbiting coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) 1543. Presented a model of the universe everything moved around a particular center at consistent rate, the sun to be centerpiece of the universe while all the planets are orbiting the sun every year. The moon would be seen orbiting the Earth. He positioned the planets in order of increasing distance from the sun. Roman Catholic Christ church prohibited and ignored the publication of the Copernican model for the rest of the 16th century.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND DEFINED SOCIETY Charles Darwin A genius who came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy family. Johnson (2012) Student of Shrewsbury School Endorsed by his professor to join a five-year expedition through HMS Beagle on the island of Galapagos Published the book “The Origin of Species” which presented pieces of evidence on how species evolved over time. Presented pieces of evidence on the traits and adaptations that are unique for different species. The Descent of Man - made a major contributions on evolutionary biology and physics of science. That adds value to evidence-based science.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND DEFINED SOCIETY  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND DEFINED SOCIETY Sigmund Freud famous in the field of psychology exploring the complexities of the human mind. Psychoanalysis an excellent method to study the human mind and neurotic illness scientifically. Proposed that human behavior is influenced by irrational forces, desires, and conflicts. Suggesting that human beings are not fully aware of the motivations behind their actions.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND DEFINED SOCIETY So, can you now tell how the ideas of Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud were added to inspire the advancement of the scientific revolution?  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES Topics: Objectives: 1. Understanding Science and Scientific Revolution 1. Differentiate the concepts of science, technology, and society; and cite the contribution of the scientific revolution. 2. Discuss how the ideas of Copernicus, Darwin, and 2. Intellectual revolutions and defined Society Freud added to inspire the advancement of scientific revolution. 3. Cradles of Early Science 3. Analyze what revolutions in science occurred in several parts of the world like in Latin American, East Asia, middle East and Africa.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Mayan Civilization Incan Civilization Aztec Civilization Egyptian Civilization  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Lesson 3: Cradles of Early Science Development of Science in Mesoamerica Mesoamerica - refers to the entire area of Central America from southern Mexico up to the boarder of South America. Rich culture and indigenous knowledge system.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE LATIN AMERICA: MAYAN CIVILIZATION Is one of the prominent civilizations during the ancient period that lasted for approximately 2000 years. Known for their works in astronomy Advanced knowledge of astronomy in the design of their temples and other religious structures allowing them to use these temples for conducting astronomical observation. Ex.: Chichen Itza (Mexico) - positioned to the spot of the sun during the spring and fall equinoxes.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE LATIN AMERICA: MAYAN CIVILIZATION Two Mayan Calendar Systems Developed technology for growing different crops and for building elegant cities using ordinary machineries and tools Hydraulic system with complex waterways to supply water to different communities Built looms for weaving clothes. Tzolkin Calendar Haab Calendar  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Mica LATIN AMERICA: MAYAN CIVILIZATION Devised a rainbow of glittery paints made from a mineral called MICA. First people to produce rubber products First civilization to use writing system known as Mayan Heiroglyphics Known in mathematics created a number Mayan Hieroglyphics system based on the numeral 20 and developed the concept of zero and positional value.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE LATIN AMERICA: INCAN CIVILIZATION 1. Building roads covered with stones 2. Constructing stone structures that could survive earthquakes and other natural calamities 3. Developing QUIPU, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret. 4. Inventing a calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare them for planting season. 5. Developing irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to grow in all types of land. 6. Creating Inca textiles.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Quipu Calendar with 12 months Irrigation System Incan Textiles  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE LATIN AMERICA: AZTEC CIVILIZATION Contributions to science and technology 1. Mandatory Education - the Aztec puts value on education. Their children are mandated to get education regardless of their social class, gender or age. 2. Antispasmodic medication - they used a type of antispasmodic medication that could prevent muscle spaces and relax muscles, which could help during surgery. 3. Chinampa - it is a form of Aztec technology for agriculture in which the land was divided into rectangular areas surrounded by canals Chinampa  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE LATIN AMERICA: AZTEC CIVILIZATION Contributions to science and technology 4. Invention of the canoe - it is a light narrow boat used for traveling in water systems 5. Chocolates - the Aztec in Mexico developed chocolates. The Aztec valued the cacao beans as part of their offerings to the Gods 6. Aztec Calendar - this calendar enabled them to plan their activities, rituals and planting season.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION Writing and Literature - Invention of the hieroglyphic writing system - Development of papyrus as a writing material - Creation of extensive literature including religious texts, legends, and scientific writings  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION Iconic architectural achievements like the pyramids and temples Significant progress in mathematics, geometry, and astronomy Accurate mapping of the Earth's surface Establishment of a 365-day solar calendar Innovations in medicine and surgery Advancements in agriculture and irrigation techniques Belief in the afterlife and mummification of the dead Establishment of a highly organized society and government  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE Development of Science in Asia Asia - largest continent in the world the home of several ancient civilization  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE ASIA: INDIA Concept of Zero: Ancient Indian mathematicians, particularly Aryabhata, were instrumental in developing the concept of zero, revolutionizing mathematics. Decimal System: The place value system and decimal notation were formalized in ancient India, providing a foundation for modern arithmetic. Astronomy: Aryabhata calculated the length of the solar year and proposed heliocentric theories long before they were recognized in the West.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE ASIA: INDIA Ayurveda: This ancient system of medicine, documented by Charaka and Sushruta, includes surgical techniques and holistic health practices that are still relevant today. Surgery: Sushruta is often referred to as the "father of surgery," having performed complex procedures including cataract surgery and plastic surgery. Sanskrit Literature: The Vedas, Upanishads, and epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana have had a profound impact on literature and philosophy globally.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE ASIA:CHINA Papermaking: The invention of paper during the Han dynasty revolutionized record-keeping and education. Silk Road: This network of trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture between East and West, shaping global commerce. Cultural Influence: China's civilization has significantly influenced neighboring countries, spreading its language, governance, and cultural practices. Printing: Development of woodblock and movable type printing facilitated the spread of literature and knowledge.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE ASIA:CHINA Compass and Gunpowder: These inventions greatly influenced navigation and warfare, respectively, impacting global history. Confucianism and Daoism: These philosophical systems have shaped social structures, ethics, and governance in East Asia and beyond. Buddhism: The spread of Buddhism from India through China influenced spiritual practices and cultural exchanges across Asia.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES Abrahamic Religions: The Middle East is the birthplace of major world religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, which have shaped moral and ethical frameworks globally. Philosophical Thought: The region contributed significantly to philosophical discourse, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age, which preserved and expanded upon ancient Greek and Roman knowledge.  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE AFRICAN COUNTRIES Trans-Saharan Trade: This network facilitated the exchange of goods, such as gold and salt, and contributed to the rise of powerful empires like Mali and Songhai. Nubia and Kush: These civilizations contributed to trade, cultural exchanges, and the spread of ironworking technology. Trans-Saharan Trade  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE In your point of view which of the civilizations contributes the most to the development of Science and technology?  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 THINK ABOUT THIS… WATCH THIS VIDEO A. Problem: https://youtu.be/5wJnMFRW1wM?t=50 https://youtu.be/nh3vLr9DG1g?t=83 B. Possible Solution: https://youtu.be/mX_67wVBDCs?t=166 How will the science and technology help to solve the problem?  SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY – FIRST SEMESTER: A.Y. 2024-2025 REFERENCE Ilagan, Y.A. et al. Science, Technology & Society. Muntinlupa City. 2018. Tabotabo, C.V. et al. Science, Technology & Society. Mindshapers Co. Manila, 2023.