Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood PDF

**Filipino Grievances against Governor Wood** - A petition and an impeachment request for Gov. Gen. Leonard Wood. - Jose Abad Santos and Jorge Bocobo prepared the draft of the document. - The petition was not acted upon by the US because Gov. Wood died due to surgery failure in 1927...

**Filipino Grievances against Governor Wood** - A petition and an impeachment request for Gov. Gen. Leonard Wood. - Jose Abad Santos and Jorge Bocobo prepared the draft of the document. - The petition was not acted upon by the US because Gov. Wood died due to surgery failure in 1927. **Jose Abad Santos** - Served as Assistant Attorney at the Bureau of Justice after passing the bar examination in 1911 - Appointed Under Secretary of Justice in 1921 - Administered the oath Manuel L. Quezon and Vice President Sergio Osmena on December 30, 1941 - Appointed as Acting President of the Commonwealth Government before Quezon left the Philippines in 1942. - He was arrested by the Japanese on April 11, 1942 and executed on May 7, 1942, in Malabang, Lanao, in the presence of Pipeto his son. **Jorge Bocobo** - Full Professor of Law and Acting dean of the University of the Philippines. - Associate Justice of the Supreme court (1942-1944) - Earned Bachelor of Laws from Indiana University in 1907. - A close associate and speech writer of President Quezon. - Died July 23, 1965. **Leonard Wood** - Governor General of the Philippine Islands by US President Harding. - Secretary Jose P. Laurel sought his removal from service due to immorality and misconduct in office by receiving money and gambling. Executive order No. 37 Declaring the laws creating and defining the powers of the board of control which is authorized to vote the stocks owned by government. **President Corazon Aquino's Speech before US Congress** - 11^th^ President of the Philippines - 1^st^ woman president of the Philippines - Prominent figure of the EDSA People Power Revolution that ended the presidency of President Ferdinand Marcos. - Married to Senator Benigno Aquino. - Aquino secured the presidency on Feb 25, 1986 when defectors from the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the support of Roman Catholic Church resulting in the People Power Revolution. **Luna and Amorsolo's Paintings** **Juan N. Luna** - Born in Badoc, Ilocos Norte, on Oct. 23, 1857. - Obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree at Ateneo de Manila - He earned a seaman's certificate in 1875 at Escuela Nautica de Manila (now Philppine Merchant Marine Academy) at age 17. - He proved that the Indio was intellectually capable and as competent as any foreigner. - He was arrested by the Spaniards on Sept. 16, 1896 with his brother Antonio Luna, and imprisoned at Fort Santiago on suspicion of being with Katipunan. - The Spanis court Pardoned him on May 27, 1897. - He died of heart attack in Hong Kong - His Works exemplified as one of the Prominent examples of Romanticism and Realism. 1. La Muerte de Cleaopatra 2. The spoliarium 3. El Pacto de Sangre 4. La Batalla de Lepanto 5. The Parisian Life **Fernando Amorsolo** - Born in Paco, Manila - Became an apprentice of Fabian de la Rosa in 1905 at age 13 - His 1^st^ commercial success came when water color postcards for ten centavos each - He also won second prize for the painting Levento Priodico at bazar Escolta 1908. - He studied at the Art School of Liceo de manilain 1909 - Attended the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts where Fabian de la Rosa serving as an instructor. - He laso worked as part-time faculty at UP where he work for 38 years - Enrique Zobel de Ayala let him study for seven months at Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, it allowed him to visit New York, where he encourages post war impressionism and cubism. - He was a shy man whose onl real genius was painting - His canvass portrays a timeless, relaxing Philippine countryside - He died of heart failure on August 24, 1972 at the age of 79 - The Grand Old Man of the Philippine Art was honored by President Marcos as the Fist National Artist Painting **Amorsolo's Work** 1. Defense of a Filipina Woman's Honour 2. Antipolo Fiesta 3. The First Baptism 4. Planting RicePalay Maiden 5. Sunday Morning Going to Town. 6. Palay Maiden **Location of the First Mass in the Philippines** - Ferdinand Magellan's discovery of the Phlippines in 1521 was a significant event for Spain. It proved that a westward route to the Moluccas, the spice island, was possible. - 300 men originally joined the voyage in Spain, but only 18 survived. They returned home in the ship Victoria under its captain Sebastian Elcano - One of the survivors are Antonio Pigafetta and Francisco Albo. **People who Payed Roled in the Controversies Surroundings the Site of the First Mass** **Antonio Pigafetta** - They landed in Limasawa, the island they saw the light in the previous night. - Pigafetta related that on the island was held the first mass in the Philippines on March 31, 1521. It was officiated by Fr. Pedro de Valderama in the presence of Raja Kolambu Rajah of Limasawa, and Rajah Siagu Raja of Butuan. **Francisco Collin** - Presented his book the first mass, the Solemn Planting of Cross, ad formal Possesion of the island name of the Crown of Castille. - It became vague when he brought Magellan to Butuan. **Francisco Albo** - He did not mention the first mass. - He suggested the planting of the cross and the formal possession of the Archipelago for the Castillan Crown, which occurred in Butuan. - Although he did not mention the first mass, albo recorded the planting of the cross on a mountaintop visible to the top where three island, to the west and south west that fit the southern end of Limasawa. **Fr. Pablo Pastells** - Rediscovery and more attentive study of Pigaffeta and Albo's log made him realized that the first mass in Butuan was erroneous **Gines de Mafra** - His account completed after his second visit to Limasawa in 1543 as a pilot in the Villalobos expedition mentioned the king of Limasawa - His testimony therefore has more weight than Pigafetta and Albo. - Stated that the first mass held in Butuan and not in Limasawa. **Cavite Mutiny** - The cavite Mutiny of January 20, 1872 happened at the height of the securalization Controversy. - It happened when Gov Gen. rafael Izquuierdo abolished the privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the Cavite arsenal of exemptin from tribute and forced labor. - Cavited Mutiny resulted in the arrest of Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora, they were in jailed in Fort Santiago and tried for rebellion. **Rafael Izquierdo** - Spanish Gov. Gen. and captain general of the Philippines. - Known as an "autocratic Gov. Gen." - His policies contradicted the policies of the liberal minded Gov. Gen De la Torre. - He was the Gov. Gen. during Cavite mutiny. **Jose Vidal** - One of the most knowledgeable Spanish historians, despite his bias against the Filipinos. **Trinidad de Tavera** - Commented that vidal's account was bias. **Sargent la Madrid** - Assassinated the commander of the fort and wounded his wife. **Fernando Rojas** - Dispatch two Spaniard to inform manila authorities of the uprising but they met on way by group of natives. **Retraction of Rizal** - Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alnozo Realonda was boorn in Calamba, Laguna. - Studied at Ateneo Municipal and University of Santo Tomas but went to Europe to continue his medical studies. - Rote Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, Rizal expressed his political ideas and predicted the coming of revolution in El Filibusterismo. - He funded la Liga filipina but was arrested and exiled to Dapitan, Zamboanga - He was allowed to return to Manila to sail for Cuba as a military doctor but arrested in the course of the journey and imprisoned at Fort Santiago on Nov. 3 1896. - Accused of being the principal organizer and living soul of the insurrection of the Philippines - Giv. Gen. Polavieja signed the decree approving the decision of court martial of Rizal's execution at Bagumbayan Field Dec. 30 1896. **Jesuits Who Were with Rizal in the Last Hour of His life**. 1. Fr. Mata 2. Fr. Rosell 3. Fr. Viza 4. Fr. Villaclara 5. Fr. Faura 6. Fr. Balaguer Frank Laubach explained how necessary rizal conversion among the Jesuits in his book "Rizal man and Martyr. He also provided an analysis of Rizal's retraction. Fr. Pio Pi survivor of the Jesuits in the Philippines who claimed that he composed the formula of retraction and profession of faith presented to Rizal. Fr. Balaguer he claimed that he became Gods instrument in the conversion and retraction of Rizal. **Alleged witnesses of Rizal's retraction** 1. Juan del Fresno -- Chief of the picket 2. Ely Moure- adjutant of the plaza. **Two foremost hand writing experts of the Philippines** 1. Beyer 2. Del Rosario Senator Rafael Palma- former president of UP and a prominent Mason, he claimed that a retraction was not in keeping with Rizal's character and mature belief. Austin Coats- a british writer that presented the analysis of Rizal's retraction in his book "Rizal the Nationalist and Martyr" Leon Ma. Guerrero III -- affirmed th authencity of Rizal's retraction in his book "The First Filipino" a biography of Rizal. **THE CRY OF PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION** - President Diosdado Macapagal signed proclamation No.28 in 1962 declaring June 12 as Independence Day of the Philippines. - Katipunan was best remembered for the so called "Cry of Balintawak" - However, the significant event in the Philippne history was changed to the Cry of Pugad Lawin. **Guillermo Masangkay** - He mentioned that the first cry of the Philippine Revolution occurred at Balintawak caloocan. - He was a Katipunan General and a childhood friend of Andres Bonifacio. - Born in Tondo Manila - Became member of the Katipunan when Bonifacio founded it in 1892. - He was responsible for a law that declared Nov. 30 "Bonifacio Day" and the erectin of Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City. **Context of Masangkay's Account** - On August 26, 1896 a big meeting was held in Balintawak at the house of Apolonio Samson, the cabeza of the barrio of Caloocan. - Plata, Pantas, Valenzuela opposed the early start of evolution. **Pio Valenzuela** - Physician general of the supreme council of the Katiounan and close friend of Binifacio - In his memoirs he claimed that the First Cry of the Philippine revolution happened at Pugad Lawin - He took charge of the Katipunan's publication whom he named "Ang Kalayaan" - He was Binifacio's messenger to Rizal task to convince the later join the Katipunan but failed. - He surrenders to Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco. - He died at the age of 86. **Teodoro Agoncillo** - Strengthened Valenzuela's version of the First Cry of Philippine Revolution. **Context of Agoncillo's Account** - It was in Pugad Lawin, where they proceed upon leaving Samson's place in the afternoon of 22^nd^ that more than 1,000 members of the Katipunan met in the yard of Juam ramos, son of Melchora Aquino. - In the morning of August 23^rd^ considerate discussion arose whether the rvolt against the Spanish government should be started on the 29^th^ - Bonifacio asked them to bring out ther cedulas and tear them to pieces to symbolize their determination. **Emilio Aguinaldo's Memoir of Revolution** - The Magdalo council received a secret letter from Supremo Bonifacion in Balintawak - The letter stated that the Katipunan will hold a meeting on the 24^th^ at the said month, and was extremely necessary to send two delegates or representatives - Magdalo only send one representative. - Andres Bonifacio the Supreme Head of the Katipunan gave his first battle cy against tyranny. **Development of the Constitutiion** - Constitution is the supreme law of each state - It lays down rules regarding the organization, powers, and functions of the government. **Types of Constitution** 1. Written Constitution -- Drafted in a book form or a series of documents that form a book. Definite and can be quoted in support or against any power excersied by government. Examples states are UK, USA, Germany, India, Japan, France and Switzerland. 2. Unwritten Constitution -- drafted nor enacted by a constitutional convention nor even written in a form of a book. Example states under this constitution are UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. 3. Flexible Constitution -- amended and passed in a similar way as the passage of ordinary law. Amendment procedure is simple and change easily made. 4. Rigid Constitution -- Complicated method of amendment. Amendments need a particular process, such as requiring the passing of the amendment by two-thirds or three-fourths votes of the member of the legistative body. 5. Evolved Consitution -- not entacted at any time by any assembly of persons or and institution but the result of a slow and gradual process of evolution. 6. Entacted Constitution -- Made passed, and adopted by an assembly or convention called constituent assembly or constitutional convention. **Qualities of Well-Written Constitution** 1. Brief outlined- the objectives of the state to a measurable extent and not an limited scope 2. Broad Covered -- more comprehensive range making the constitution flexible and easily acceptable. 3. Definite Must -- not include vague, unclear words or phrases having two or more possible meanings that may cause conflict of interpretation. **The 1887 "BI-AK NA BATO" Constitution** - It is the basis of the government of the Republic of the Philippines drawn up and proclaimed in Naic, Cavite. - Artacho and Ferrer wrote it by copying the 1815 Cuban constitution of Jimaguayer - The assembly of the prepresentatives of the people of the Philippine Island adopted the constituin on Nov. 15,1897 - Emilio Aguinaldo was the president of the assembly. **The 1899 "MALOLOS" Constitution** - Pedro Paterno is the president of the Malolos congress - Calderon tasked to write the draft of the malolos constitution. - He proposed the Union of the State and the Church with Catholicism as the state Religion. - The French constitution served as the basis but use has been made of the constitution of Belgium, Mexico, Brazil, Nicaragua, Costa rica and Guatemala. - Emilio Aguinaldo signed the Malolos Constitution **THE 1935 CONSTITUTIONS** Tydings -- McDuffie law or Philippine Independence act, it called for the 1934 Constitutional Convention Act 4125 -- known as Convention Bill. Sandiko is the oldest members of the 1934 Con Con Vinson is the youngest member of the 1934 Constitutional Convention. Manuel Quezon formally open the 1934 constitutional convention Laurel is the honorary chairman of the 1934 constituional Convention. Recto elected as the president of the 1934constitutional convention Arguego headed the bicarmeralists group of the convention Romero headed the unicameralist group of the convention **The 1943 Constitution** Tojo -- Japanese premier wo promised to grand Independence to the Filipinos Laurel -- signed the 1943 constitution Kapinsanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI) ratified the 1945 constitution. The constitution became the basis of the Japanese- sponsored government known as the Second Philippine Republic. **The 1973 Constitution** Republic Act No. 6132 known as the Constitutional Convention of 1971. Gordon -- youngest Member of the 1971 Constitution Antonio de las Alas -- the oldest delegate of the constitution. The 1973 constitution was the basis of Marcos administration. De las Alas -- Acting Chairman of the Convention. Liwag -- elected temporary chairman to serve until the election of the president of the convention. Sotero Laurel -- President of the Convention until new president was elected. Diosdado Macapagal -- elected President of the Convention. **The 1986 "FREEDOM" Constitution** President Corazon Aquino issued Proclamation No.3 on March 25, 1898 which embodied the 1986 constitution. **Among the provisions of the Provisional constitution were:** 1. Implementation of reforms and reorganization in the government 2. Adoption of the new constitution 3. The orderly transition of a government under the new constitution **The 1987 Constitution** President Cory Aquino enacted proclamation No.9, Summoning the Constitutonal Comission to draft and propose a new constitution. Jose Gascon -- Youngest member Roberto Conception- Oldest member. President Corazon Aquino signed the 1987 constitution as president.