Spanish Colonial Architecture - Bahay Na Bato PDF

by Ar. Mike Francis Arias, uap  History of Architecture Ar Mike Francis Arias Introduction History of Architecture 1 History of Architecture 2 History of Architecture 3 Hi...

by Ar. Mike Francis Arias, uap  History of Architecture Ar Mike Francis Arias Introduction History of Architecture 1 History of Architecture 2 History of Architecture 3 History of Architecture 4 Pre-history Western Architecture Islamic Architecture Philippine Architecture Arabian Egyptian Architecture Church Architecture Vernacular Mortuary and Cult Moorish Architecture Temples Medieval Saracenic Persian Pre-colonial West Asiatic Arch Romanesque Architecture Moghul Persian Cordillera - Luzon Gothic Ottoman Assyrian Architecture of Asia Lumad – Visayas and Baroque Mindanao Summerian Indian Rococo Moro Arch of Muslim Greek Architecture Malaysia Mindanao Mycenaean Renaissance Himalayas The Bahay Kubo Khmer Dark Age Revival Indonesia Spanish Colonial Period Archaic Age Thailand Religious Architecture Classical Age Burma Domestic and Secular Modern Architecture Arch Hellenistic Period China Functionalism Korea Bahay na Bato Roman Architecture Founding Expressionism Japan American Colonial Pre-Columbian Arch Period Periods of Kings International Style Mayan, Aztec, Inca Domestic and Secular Republican Rome Contemporary Subsaharan Africa Modernism Imperial Rome Oceana and Austronesia Search for National History of Architecture 4 Ar Mike Francis Arias Course Timeline Spanish Colonial Period Religious Architecture Domestic and Secular Architecture Architecture of Bahay na Bato American Colonial Period PRELIMS MIDTERMS FINALS Precolonial Period Modernism in the Philippines Cordillera in Luzon Lumad in the Visayas and 21st Century Architecture Mindanao in the Philippines Moro Architecture of The State of Heritage Muslim Mindanao Architecture and Historic The Bahay Kubo and its Preservation in the divergent manifestations Philippines  Bahay na Bato Bahay na Bato was derived by the Spaniards from Bahay Kubo. Its design evolved throughout the ages but maintained its Nipa hut architectural roots. Considered to be the residence of the wealthy people during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. Resembles houses in the Antilles or West Indies, hence, the name Antillean House. Epitome of elegance and graceful living, most owners of the Antillean houses had traveled to Europe and/ or their children studied in Spain, Germany or France. Rizal Shrine in Calamba – is a reproduction of the original two-story, Spanish-colonial style house in Calamba, Laguna where Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861.  Bahay na Bato General Characteristics: -The Ground floor of the Bahay na Bato was made of mortared bricks and stones, while the upper floor is made of Wood – Timber -Large sliding windows made of Capiz Shells -High pitched roof Quema House, ancestral home of the Quema Family in Vigan built in the 1820’s. Design Contrast: Bahay Na Bato vis-à-vis Bahay Kubo contrasting floor plan Parts of Bahay na Bato (Ground Floor) ZAGUAN Where wine carriages and Saint’s float are usually kept. Basically, a passageway or parking space for the “kalesa” and “karo” (Carrozas). Usually paved with stones. CUADRA Horse stable Parts of Bahay na Bato (Ground Floor) ENTRESUELO BODEGA DESPACHO A Mezzanine elevated 1.0 meter A storage room for keeping Home office, Opisina (Oficina) above the ground usually located old furniture and palay bins. on the floor of the master bedroom right underneath his bed. Parts of Bahay na Bato (Second Floor) CAIDA Receiving room, th is is an ar ea where the owner of the house welcomes their guests. Also called an “Ante-sala” because it is usually adjacent to the main living room. Also used for dancing, sewing etc. SALA MAYOR Main living room, SALA MENOR – secondary living room Parts of Bahay na Bato (Second Floor) COMEDOR AZOTEA Open terrace open to the toilet, used Dining room for laundry drying space. Also used as a service area. Parts of Bahay na Bato (Second Floor) COCINA Cocina or the Kitchen sometimes are built separately but connected to the house (usually on the Ground floor – dirty kitchen) DAPUGAN – kitchen counter DISPENSA Used as a food storage adjacent to the Kitchen. A Pantry. Parts of Bahay na Bato (Second Floor) BANGGERA A wooden dish rack that extends outside the kitchen window. After the dishes are washed, they are placed here to be air-dried. The inverted cups are placed on the ends of the wooden sticks and the plates are placed in between or above the slats. On the far left is a tapayan/banga, an earthenware jar that keeps water cool. Parts of Bahay na Bato (Second Floor) BAÑO or PALIGUAN B ath r oo m, bu ilt s e p ar at e l y b u t adjacent to the toilet room. BAÑERA - bathtub COMUN or LATRINA From the word itself Latrine, meaning toilet. Parts of Bahay na Bato (Second Floor) CUARTO Sleeping area BALCON Overhang balcony, overlooking the streets, used to watch the procession. Parts of Bahay na Bato (Second Floor) ALJIBE Cistern for rain water collection Also acts as a treasure vault, to hide them from bandits Notable parts of Bahay na Bato ORATORIO Prayer room where the statues of the Saints and an altar are kept MEDIA AGUA / TAPANGCOS Canopy Notable parts of Bahay na Bato PIEDRA CHINA First three steps made of stone or concrete, succeeding steps made of wood Ceremonial stairs Notable parts of Bahay na Bato PERSIANA BIOMBOS Part of windows that acts as a screen Used as a divider between the dining area to lessen the heat and natural light and the Volada (cantilevered walkway) to to enter while also allowing air to hide the servants pulling the rope that acts enter. Also called Louvers as a mechanism to move the “Punak” (Pamaypay) from the outside. Notable parts of Bahay na Bato VOLADA ESPEJO Cantilevered walkway, part of the Transom windows, found on top of the windows to second floor that projects outward to allow natural light to enter. provide cover below. Notable parts of Bahay na Bato AZULEJO Patterned hand-painted tiles used as a decorative element on the stair landings MACHUCA – (trademark “Encaustic Tile” DESCANSO Stair landings Notable parts of Bahay na Bato CONCHA Large sliding windows made of wood lattice work and Capiz shells COLUMNILLA Small post on the middle of a large span of window for support. Notable parts of Bahay na Bato VENTANILLA Small operable windows below the main windows used for additional ventilation. BARANDILLAS Balustrade usually associated with the Ventanilla made of wood or metal to act as a barrier. Notable parts of Bahay na Bato COQUINA MIRADOR Stones from under the sea used as small room on top of a turret like part of the alternative to Adobe blocks house used for security purposes. (Limestone) for the Ground floor walls Notable parts of Bahay na Bato POSTIGO CALADO Small door carved into a large main Screen-like de c o r atio n s o n to p o f th e d o or door (for the users), large door for openings inside the house. the carriages. PUERTA – main entrance door Furnitures APARADOR DE TRES LUNAS ESCRITORIONG TINIPAKLONG 3-door cabinet, used as storage for Usually found on women’s room, used for things usually found on the bedroom stitching or bed side table. with detailed carvings and with mirrors Furnitures GALLINERA KULOMPYO Long bench usually made of “Patpat”. Rocking chair or “Tumba-tumba” Des ign to u s e f or s eatin g w h ile underneath acts as a cage for their chicken. Furnitures PAMINGGALAN VITRINA A cabinet used to store leftover food. Wall shelves for display purposes Furnitures BASTONERO BATIBOT CHAIR Usually found on the Caida, used as Metal chair with curve designs, Batibot means a hat, umbrella and baton rack “pang matagalan” or “matatag”  Bahay na Bato Styles Different styles depend on each house's individual appearance. For example, some Bahay na bato do not have ventanillas, some do not have Capiz windows, and some lack both. Some have galvanized roofs, some have tiled roofs, and some have nipa or cogon roofs. First-level walls may be made of bricks, adobe stones, or coral stones; more modern structures uses concrete or wood. Metro Manila Northern Luzon Calabarzon Central Luzon Visayas and Mindanao B ah ay n a b a t o i n L u n e t a , w i t h a T h a t c h r o o f reminiscent of its Bahay kubo architectural basis  Bahay na Bato Styles Metro Manila Style Most of the buildings in Manila and Central Luzon were of adobe, a volcanic tuff quarried from the hills which is entirely different from the material of the same name f ou n d in L atin America (adobe in those Hispanic countries refers to mud and straw formed into rectangular blocks which are then dried in the sun). Streets of Manila painting by José Honorato Lozano with its Bahay na bato houses  Bahay na Bato Styles Northern Luzon Style Particularly in Vigan, capital of Ilocos Sur, many home owners chose to build both stories in brick, which was available in large quantities. With the massive walls, the volada disappeared in many residences and the kitchen became an extension in stone, with vents piercing the walls to let out smoke. Bahay na Bato Styles Calabarzon Style Calabarzon is one of the regions of The Philippines that has some of the best preserve heritage houses. Towns along the coasts of Luzon, especially to Batangas, used roughly hewn blocks of coral stone Marcella Agoncillo house Casa Comunidad de Tayabas Bahay na Bato Styles Central Luzon Style The Bahay na bato in Bulacan and many in the Central Luzon are famous for their carvings. The most famous ones are in the Malolos, in its heritage core where ancestral houses are located. Since adobe lends itself to sculpture, houses in Bulacan had facades decorated with carved flowers, leaves, and religious symbols Bustos, Bulacan  Bahay na Bato Styles Visayas and Mindanao Style Most Bahay na bato's foundations in Visayas are coral stone material though many are still adobe and bricks. Cebu, Bohol, Negros and Iloilo are famous for their Bahay na bato houses. Throughout the Visayas, the craft of cutting stone or coral was virtually elevated into a fine art, with blocks fitting so precisely into each other that not even a razor blade could be inserted between blocks. Vega Ancestral House Spanish colonial-era nipa mansion, a "1st transition bahay na bato style" house in Poblacion, Balingasag, Misamis Oriental, Mindanao, known for its sculpted wooden Atlases. REVIEW End of