Spanish Colonial Architecture AR 3161 PDF

SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE A R 3 1 6 1 1521 Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese Explorer Landed Round Earth Battle of Mactan 1564 Miguel Lopez De Legazpi Brought Christianity Christianized Most Part of the C...

SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE A R 3 1 6 1 1521 Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese Explorer Landed Round Earth Battle of Mactan 1564 Miguel Lopez De Legazpi Brought Christianity Christianized Most Part of the Country Introduced European Institution & Thought Spanish Galleon Trade Economically Linked Manila with Mexico & the Rest of the World Until 1900's Spanish Colony Nationalist Movement: By Jose Rizal Emilio Aguinaldo 1890’s Art Nouveau Spanish Colony Swirling Vines & Flowers for Staircase Balustrades, Etched or Colored Glass Panels Replaced Capiz Emergence of Filipino & Foreign Architects Working In the PH FELIX ROXAS First Filipino Architect; Served As Architect to the Manila Gov’t; Studied In England & Spain SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE REDUCCION – Forced Urbanization & Resettlement ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM – Colony divided into parcels & assigned to an ENCOMENDERO (Spanish Colonist)  SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM OF CITIES & TOWNS – Hierarchal Settlement System CABECERA – City POBLACION – Town CORE OF THE MUNICIPALITY BARRIOS ADJACENT BARANGAYS SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE (Completed 1872) INTRAMUROS – Concept: Europe’s Walled Fortress; - Reserved for the Nobility & the Clergy Seven Gates; Made Of Bricks & Hard Adobe from the Pasig River Quarries  SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE Approximately, walls Are 2.4 meters (8 feet) to 3.6 meters (12 feet) & Rise 25 Ft above the Moat EXTRAMUROS – Living beyond the Walls PUEBLOS – Villages outside the walls PARIAN – Separate Chinese Community DILAO – for the Japanese Community  SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE CUADRICULA – System Grid Patterned Streets & Blocks LAWS OF THE INDIES, 1573 proposed by Vitruvius & Alberti  SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERISTICS – Elevated Location; Orderly Grid Streets; Central Plaza; Defensive Wall; Zones For: Churches, Shops, Government Buildings, Hospitals, & Slaughterhouses  SPANISH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE PLAZA COMPLEX – Grid Street Pattern; w/ the Main Center Plaza; Surrounded by the Church, the Tribunal (Court); Other Government Bldgs.; & Marketplace FORTRESSES – Stone Walls, Moats, Grid Road Layouts, Bastions, Keeps, & Watchtowers built to cover blind spots; Defense (Moro Pirates) REAL FUERZA DE SANTIAGO also called FORT SANTIAGO, Intramuros – “Shrine of Freedom” By: FR. ANTONIO CEDENO, Engr. DIEGO JORDAN Parts of a Fort CORTINAS – Thick Perimeter Walls BASTIONES / BALUARTES – 4-Soded Bulwarks Skirting the CORTINAS on both ends FOSO – Moat CASAMATAS – Stone Embrasures; artilleries propped up here  INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS Monumental Civic AR epitomized the colonial institutions under the Spanish governance MALACANANG PALACE The Summer Residence of the Governor General SCHOOLS UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS, Manila Asia’s Oldest Established University COLEGIO / UNIVERSIDAD – Found In the Urban Areas ESCUELA PRIMARIA – Found In Different PUEBLOS HOSPITALS HOSPITAL REAL – 1st Hospital; Built by Franciscans; Catered Only To the Spaniards HOSPITAL DE SAN GABRIEL – For the Chinese in Binondo HOSPITAL DE SAN LAZARO – For the Lepers OBSERVATORIES MANILA OBSERVATORY Also Called Observatorio Astronomico Y Meteorologico De Manila Established by the Jesuits to Assists in Forecasting Typhoons INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS – Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure & public works BRIDGES – PUENTE DE ESPANA / BRIDGE OF SPAIN COLGANTE SUSPENSION BRIDGE – Only for Pedestrians TUTUBAN STATION – MNL–Dagupan Railway Line LIGHTHOUSES – PASIG FAROLA / SAN NICOLAS LIGHTHOUSE – PH Oldest WATER SYSTEM – CARRIEDO WATERWORKS – Free to Public SARI–SARI / CARINDERIAS HOTELS HOTEL LA PALMA DE MALLORCA; HOTEL DE PARIS; & HOTEL DE ESPANA – Hotels in Intramuros CASA DE HUESPEDES – Boarding Houses; Cheaper Lodgings BANKS BANCO ESPANOL–FILIPINO DE ISABEL II – 1st Bank Built SPANISH COLONIAL CHURCHES Parts of a Church ALTAR MAYOR – Main Altar SAGRARIO – Tabernacle PULPITO – Pulpit RETABLO – Ornamented Altar Screen SACRISTIA – Where Priest & Assistants put on their robes CORO – Choir loft TRIBUNAS – Screened Gallery Luzon SAN IGNACIO, INTRAMUROS – First Church Designed By a Filipino Architect; By: FELIX ROXAS Unfortunately, like many other buildings in Intramuros, San Ignacio Church was heavily damaged during the Battle of Manila in 1945 Luzon Neo Romanesque MANILA CATHEDRAL, Manila Restored in 2012 (Structural Problems) By: Bishop DOMINGO SALAZAR Restored By: FERNANDO CAMPO Luzon BARASOAIN Church, Bulacan 1st PH Congress; Malolos Construction; Inaguration of 1st PH Rep. By: Augustinian JUAN GIRON Rebuilt By MAGPAYO Luzon SAN AGUSTIN Church, INTRAMUROS High Baroque Style Retablo 1st Church Built In Luzon; Oldest Stone Church in Manila UNESCO World Heritage Site “Immaculate Conception of San Agustin Church” By: Fr. JUAN MACIAS Burned down twice in 1500s; Only Structure in Intramuros to Survive WWII Ceiling Paintings in the Trompe L’oeil Style; Chinese Fu Dogs at Entry Luzon, Baroque Church PAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos Norte UNESCO World Heritage Site ST. AUGUSTINE CHURCH 1973 Nat’l. Cultural Treasure; Massive Coral Stone Bell Tower Example Of “Earthquake Baroque” By: ANTONIO ESTAVILLO Volutes of Contrafuertes (Buttresses) & In the Pyramidal Finials of Wall Facades Visayas, Fortress Baroque MIAG–AO Church, IloIlo UNESCO World Heritage Site “STO. TOMAS DE VILLANUEVA CHURCH” Coconut Tree Facade; Towers as lookouts against Muslim Raids By: Fr. FERNANDO COMPOREDONDO & GONZALES Luzon, 18th Cen. Baroque STA. MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos Sur Brick Church on Hill; Circular Buttresses; 85 Steps; Semicircular Pediment Built By: Augustinian BENIGNO FERNANDEZ TAAL BASILICA, Batangas Asia’s Largest Catholic Church; Ionic & Corinthian Columns, 3 Pediments “BASILICA OF ST. MARTIN DE TOURS” By: Fr. MARTIN AGUIRRE & ANTON & OLIVER BACLAYON Church, Bohol Oldest Stone Church in the Country Visayas, Baroque DARAGA CHURCH, Albay Established By People from Cagsawa Who Fled the Eruption of Mt. Mayon Tablet w/o columns & cornices, twisted columns, medallions, statues & reliefs QUIAPO Church, Manila Minor Basilica of the BLACK NAZARENE; Dome & 2nd Belfry Reconstruction Restored By: JUAN NAKPIL & JOSE MARIA ZARAGOSA LAOAG Church, Ilocos Norte Sinking Bell Tower By: Fr. JOSEPH RUIZ Sinking Bell Tower Because of: - Soft ground and unstable. - Weight of materials used for the tower VIGAN CATHEDRAL / Metropolitan Cathedral of the Conversion of St. Paul the Apostle, Ilocos Sur Three Arched Doorways; Chinese Fu Dogs; Urn-Like Finial at Pediment STO. NINO CEBU / BASILICA MINORE DEL STO. NINO, Cebu – PH’s Oldest Church By: Fray DIEGO DE HERRERA Moorish, Romanesque & Neoclassical Elements; Trefoils on Doorways SAN SEBASTIAN Church, Manila 1st All–Steel Church in Asia; By: EIFFEL & Ar. GENARO PALACIOS Its facade with green color is because of oxidation. FIN