Summary

This document provides a guide on the space unit, containing quick facts, video links, activities, and explanations of concepts related to the solar system, planets, and celestial bodies. It appears to be a worksheet or lesson plan for secondary school students.

Full Transcript

‭Space Unit‬ ‭‬ ‭Discussed the photo of the sun on the cover page‬ ‭‬ ‭Examined pages 4 and 5 and discussed what the astronaut was‬ ‭wearing, who it might be, and the parts of the space suit.‬ ‭Quick Facts:‬ ‭★‬ ‭The sun is 150 million km away‬ ‭○‬ ‭It would take 1...

‭Space Unit‬ ‭‬ ‭Discussed the photo of the sun on the cover page‬ ‭‬ ‭Examined pages 4 and 5 and discussed what the astronaut was‬ ‭wearing, who it might be, and the parts of the space suit.‬ ‭Quick Facts:‬ ‭★‬ ‭The sun is 150 million km away‬ ‭○‬ ‭It would take 19 years to reach the sun on a jumbo jet‬ ‭★‬ ‭The nearest stars are 40 trillion km away‬ ‭★‬ ‭One Light year is 9 trillion km away‬ ‭★‬ ‭It would take 300 days to get to mars, only possible every 2‬ ‭years‬ ‭★‬ ‭Astronauts stay in space for approximately 215 days‬ ‭★‬ ‭Space is completely silent‬ ‭★‬ ‭Tears do not fall in space (no gravity)‬ ‭Video Link showing the size of space:‬ ‭○‬ ‭https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=198&v=gIb‬ ‭fYsQfNWs‬ ‭○‬ ‭‬ ‭Begin discussion of the solar system.‬ ‭‬ ‭Why is it important to question the evidence we have about the solar‬ ‭system?‬ ‭○‬ ‭If we never did, we wouldn’t know that the planets orbit the sun,‬ ‭that the planets are round, wouldn’t have satellites, etc.‬ ‭‬ ‭Orbit‬‭: Revolve around / a path‬ ‭‬ ‭What is the‬‭solar system‬‭?‬ ‭○‬ ‭The solar system is made up of a star and the objects that orbit‬ ‭around it.‬ ‭○‬ ‭Our solar system:‬‭Sun, Planets, moons, rings, comets,‬ ‭asteroids, meteoroids, and dust.‬ ‭‬ ‭A‬‭Star‬‭is a ball of hot gas that produces light‬ ‭‬ ‭What is a‬‭Planet‬‭?‬ ‭○‬ ‭A planet is a natural object that orbits the sun and has its own‬ ‭orbit.‬ ‭○‬ ‭Ask students: How many planets are there?‬ ‭‬ ‭There are 8 planets:‬‭4 Terrestrial and 4 gas giants‬ ‭‬ ‭Terrestrial in order from the sun:‬ ‭○‬ ‭Mercury‬ ‭○‬ ‭Venus‬ ‭○‬ ‭Earth‬ ‭○‬ ‭Mars‬ ‭‬ ‭Gas Giants:‬ ‭○‬ ‭Jupiter‬ ‭○‬ ‭Saturn‬ ‭○‬ ‭Uranus‬ ‭○‬ ‭Neptune‬ ‭‬ ‭Dwarf Planets‬‭: Planets that do not have their own‬‭orbit‬ ‭‬ ‭What is‬‭Pluto‬‭?‬ ‭○‬ ‭Pluto is a dwarf planet‬ ‭‬ ‭Are there any other dwarf planets in our solar system?‬ ‭○‬ ‭Yes, there are.‬ ‭○‬ ‭Pluto, Eris, and Ceres‬ ‭○‬ ‭Probably more that haven’t been discovered yet‬ ‭‬ ‭Show image on solar system‬ ‭○‬ ‭Science 6 google drive‬ ‭○‬ ‭Get students to refer to page 8-9 on text‬ ‭‬ ‭The ancient Greeks believed that the Earth was the centre of the‬ ‭universe and that the stars revolved around it.‬ ‭‬ ‭Activity 1:‬‭Assignment 1, answer the following questions‬ ‭○‬ ‭Why is it important to question the evidence we have about the‬ ‭solar system?‬ ‭○‬ ‭Why does the sun look different than the other stars?‬ ‭○‬ ‭Why is the sun so important?‬ ‭○‬ ‭Using your textbook, list all of the planets in our solar system in‬ ‭the correct order.‬ ‭○‬ ‭List three things that you want to learn about Space, in this‬ ‭course.‬ ‭‬ ‭Activity Two:‬‭Students will draw a diagram depicting‬‭the planets in‬ ‭our solar system. Planets must be drawn in the correct order and as‬ ‭close as possible to the correct size. Students should label all‬ ‭aspects of the solar system (names of stars, planets, earth’s moon)‬ ‭○‬ ‭Bring white paper for students to use‬ ‭○‬ ‭Bring colored pencils‬ ‭○‬ ‭Tell students they will be graded and posted on the wall‬ ‭What Causes Day, Night, and Seasons?‬ ‭Bring in a flashlight and a medium sized-ball to demonstrate the following‬ ‭‬ ‭Earth’s day and night are caused by the rotation of Earth on its axis.‬ ‭‬ ‭A complete Earth rotation takes almost exactly 24 h.‬ ‭‬ ‭During “‬‭daylight hours‬‭,” sunlight strikes the surface of Earth that is‬ ‭“facing” the Sun.‬ ‭‬ ‭During “‬‭nighttime hours‬‭,” that surface is facing‬‭away‬‭from the sun‬ ‭‬ ‭A complete orbit around the sun takes 365.25 days‬ ‭‬ ‭Earth is tilted on its axis at about 23.5° to its orbital path‬ ‭‬ ‭Causes the‬‭northern‬‭and‬‭southern hemispheres‬‭to be‬‭tilted more‬ ‭or less toward or away from the Sun at different times of year‬ ‭‬ ‭During‬‭summer‬‭, a particular hemisphere is pointed‬‭towards‬‭the sun.‬ ‭○‬ ‭The sun’s rays strike the earth more directly‬ ‭○‬ ‭When the Sun shines‬‭directly on us‬‭, the light is more‬‭intense‬ ‭and we have summer.‬ ‭‬ ‭During‬‭winter‬‭, the hemisphere is tilted‬‭away‬‭from‬‭the sun‬ ‭○‬ ‭The sun’s rays strike the earth more indirectly‬ ‭○‬ ‭When the Sun shines on us at an‬‭angle‬‭, the light is‬‭less intense‬ ‭and we have winter.‬ ‭‬ ‭The sun’s rays strike equally during‬‭spring‬‭and‬‭fall‬ ‭‬ ‭A given location in Newfoundland and Labrador receives more than‬ ‭five times as much solar energy during the longest days of summer‬ ‭as during the shortest days of winter.‬ ‭Video Links:‬ ‭‬ ‭https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l64YwNl1wr0‬ ‭What Causes the Phases of the Moon?‬ ‭‬ ‭The appearance of the Moon changes as it orbits Earth.‬ ‭‬ ‭It takes 29 days for the moon to orbit around the earth (month)‬ ‭‬ ‭The moon is on a lunar cycle‬ ‭‬ ‭At any given time, we are only able to see easily the portion of the‬ ‭Moon that is‬‭both facing us and being illuminated‬‭by the Sun‬‭.‬ ‭‬ ‭An unusual aspect of the Moon–Earth relationship is the fact that the‬ ‭same side of the Moon is always facing Earth‬ ‭‬ ‭The Moon is rotating on its axis at the same rate that it is orbiting‬ ‭Earth‬ ‭‬ ‭Crescent:‬‭Less than half of the moon is illuminated‬ ‭‬ ‭Gibbous:‬‭More than half of the moon is illuminated‬ ‭‬ ‭Video link:‬ ‭https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/news/2013-moon-phases.‬ ‭html‬ ‭What Causes Eclipses?‬ ‭‬ ‭Eclipses can occur when:‬ ‭○‬ ‭The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon‬ ‭○‬ ‭The Moon is between Earth and the Sun‬ ‭‬ ‭Lunar eclipse‬‭: all or part of the Moon passes through‬‭the shadow‬ ‭cast by Earth‬ ‭‬ ‭A lunar eclipse can only occur when the Moon is on the opposite‬ ‭side of Earth from the Sun during the full Moon phase.‬ ‭‬ ‭When any object blocks light from an extended (non-point) light‬ ‭source, such as the Sun, it creates both a complete shadow and a‬ ‭partial shadow‬ ‭‬ ‭As the Moon moves completely behind Earth, it enters the complete‬ ‭shadow: this is a‬‭total lunar eclipse‬‭. No sunlight‬‭can strike the Moon‬ ‭directly‬ ‭‬ ‭During a‬‭partial lunar eclipse‬‭, part of the Moon passes‬‭through the‬ ‭complete shadow.‬ ‭‬ ‭Why do solar eclipses look red?‬ ‭○‬ ‭Scattering of the sun’s rays in our atmosphere, same effect that‬ ‭causes the appearance of sunrises and sunsets‬ ‭‬ ‭During a‬‭solar eclipse‬‭, the Moon casts a shadow on‬‭Earth. A solar‬ ‭eclipse can only occur when the Moon is on the same side of Earth‬ ‭as the Sun during the new Moon phase. Because the Moon is so‬ ‭much smaller than Earth, its shadow only‬‭covers and‬‭moves across a‬ ‭portion of Earth’s surface.‬ ‭‬ ‭The Moon’s orbit is elliptical, if the solar eclipse happens when the‬ ‭moon is‬‭farthest‬‭away from Earth, the moon does not‬‭completely‬ ‭cover the sun. This results in a ‘ring’ of light surrounding the moon.‬ ‭○‬ ‭Most common‬ ‭‬ ‭If a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is‬‭closer‬‭to Earth in its orbit,‬ ‭the complete shadow does reach Earth, resulting in a total solar‬ ‭eclipse‬ ‭‬ ‭Use flashlight example (brig ball closer and further away from the‬ ‭flashlight)‬ ‭‬ ‭A total solar eclipse only occurs, on average, about once every 500‬ ‭years for any given location.‬ ‭‬ ‭There are four to seven eclipses each year‬ ‭‬ ‭Although both are about equal in frequency,‬‭every‬‭lunar eclipse‬‭can‬ ‭potentially be seen by people on the‬‭one entire side‬‭of Earth‬‭(Day vs‬ ‭Night), while every solar eclipse can only be viewed by the people in‬ ‭the path of the shadow moving across Earth’s surface (average of 7.5‬ ‭minutes)‬ ‭What Causes Tides?‬ ‭https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlWpFLfLFBI‬ ‭https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnDJ6_XpGfo‬‭(hopewell‬‭rocks)‬ ‭‬ ‭Gravity is a fundamental force exerted by all masses on each other‬ ‭‬ ‭Gravity weakens with distance‬ ‭‬ ‭Gravity ‘pulls’ from its center of mass (middle) not its surface‬ ‭‬ ‭In spite of its distance, the enormous mass of the Sun exerts a‬ ‭gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and Earth that is 179‬ ‭times greater than the gravitational force of attraction between Earth‬ ‭and the Moon.‬ ‭○‬ ‭Causes it to orbit‬ ‭‬ ‭Tides are caused by interactions of the rotational and orbital motions‬ ‭of Earth with the effects of the gravitational forces of the Moon and‬ ‭the Sun on Earth.‬ ‭‬ ‭The moon has a greater impact on the tides because it is much closer‬ ‭to Earth than the Sun.‬ ‭‬ ‭There is a greater difference in the Moon’s gravitational force from‬ ‭one side of Earth to the other‬ ‭‬ ‭There are two high tides and two low tides each day. Alternating‬ ‭every 8 hours‬ ‭‬ ‭The bulge on the side closest to the Moon is accounted for by the‬ ‭greater force of attraction being nearer the Moon, while the bulge on‬ ‭the opposite side of Earth is a result of a significantly weaker force of‬ ‭attraction by the Moon.‬ ‭‬ ‭The moon pulls the oceans nearest it, towards it, Causing a high tide‬ ‭on that side‬ ‭‬ ‭The earth is also pulled towards the moon‬ ‭‬ ‭The ocean on the opposite side is also pulled towards the moon, but‬ ‭just not as much due to distance‬ ‭‬ ‭Picture it as being an oval (football shape)‬ ‭What are Meteoroids and Asteroids?‬ ‭‬ ‭Student text: Page 24-25‬ ‭‬ ‭Asteroids and meteoroids are solid rock or metallic objects in the‬ ‭inner solar system‬ ‭‬ ‭They are irregular in shape‬ ‭‬ ‭They are distinguished from each other based on size, with‬ ‭meteoroids being less than 1 m across‬ ‭‬ ‭There are millions of asteroids. Most orbit the sun in the region‬ ‭between Mars and Jupiter, in the asteroid belt‬ ‭‬ ‭Thousands of meteoroids, most the size of sand grains or smaller, hit‬ ‭Earth’s upper atmosphere each day‬ ‭‬ ‭When a meteoroid or asteroid (or very rarely a comet) enters Earth’s‬ ‭atmosphere at high speed, it begins to get extremely hot and give off‬ ‭light as it burns up. This visual display is called a meteor‬ ‭‬ ‭A meteorite is any part of a meteoroid or asteroid that reaches the‬ ‭ground before burning up.‬ ‭‬ ‭Fun Fact:‬‭An asteroid estimated to be 10 km across‬‭and travelling at‬ ‭tens of thousands of kilometres per hour hit Earth about 65 million‬ ‭years ago. Evidence suggests it caused catastrophic climate change‬ ‭and the extinction of the non-bird dinosaurs‬ ‭○‬ ‭What do you think killed the dinosaurs?‬ ‭‬ ‭Shooting stars are actually small lumps of space rock falling to Earth.‬ ‭As they pass through Earth’s atmosphere,‬ ‭What are Comets?‬ ‭‬ ‭Comets are relatively small objects that orbit the Sun and are‬ ‭composed of rock, dust, ice, and frozen gases‬ ‭‬ ‭As they approach the Sun, their surface warms, and gases and dust‬ ‭lift off their surface and form a cloud, or coma.‬ ‭‬ ‭Radiation pressure from the Sun and the solar wind can “push” the‬ ‭gases and dust off the comet, forming a gas tail and a dust tail‬ ‭pointing away from the Sun. Tails happen when a comet gets close‬ ‭enough to the Sun to heat up.‬ ‭‬ T ‭ he gas tail is made of ionized (charged) particles. The dust tail is‬ ‭made of rock and dust particles, which reflect sunlight, making it look‬ ‭whitish‬ ‭‬ ‭Although the solid portion of a comet (called a nucleus) is small (most‬ ‭are less than 20 km in diameter), some comas can exceed 1 million‬ ‭kilometres in diameter, and their tails can reach over 100 million‬ ‭kilometres in length.‬ ‭‬ ‭Comets with large tails can occasionally be seen with the unaided‬ ‭eye; however, most comets are too small or faint to be seen, even‬ ‭with a powerful telescope.‬ ‭‬ ‭Student Text:‬‭Page 28-29‬ ‭End of Big Idea One‬ ‭Review the Scientific process‬ ‭Big Idea Two: We Use Technology to Explore Space‬ ‭ hat Can We See When We Look at the Night Sky?‬ W ‭Pages 34-37‬ ‭‬ ‭Constellations are the arbitrary and recognizable patterns of stars‬ ‭that have been given a name, often associated with a human or‬ ‭animal figure.‬ ‭‬ ‭Which constellations are visible in the night sky depends on the time‬ ‭of year and the viewer’s location on Earth. As Earth orbits the Sun,‬ ‭the view of space that is visible from the side of Earth experiencing‬ ‭night changes.‬ ‭‬ ‭Due to Earth’s curvature, people in the northern hemisphere are not‬ ‭able to see the same regions of space as people in the southern‬ ‭hemisphere and vice versa‬ ‭‬ ‭On very clear nights, it is also possible to see the faint glow of the‬ ‭Milky Way Galaxy. A galaxy is a group of stars, planets, gas, dust,‬ ‭dark matter, and other objects that form an orbiting system. Galaxies‬ ‭typically consist of billions of stars. Only a few thousand stars out of‬ ‭ n estimated 100 billion stars in the Milky Way are close enough for‬ a ‭us to see as distinct stars with the unaided eye.‬ ‭ ‬ ‭There are perhaps 200 billion galaxies in the universe.‬ ‭‬ ‭Astrology is the unscientific belief that the movements and relative‬ ‭positions of certain constellations, planets, the Sun, and the Moon‬ ‭influence, and can be used to predict and infer information about,‬ ‭people and events on Earth.‬

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