grade-9-science-astronomy-questions-answers.pdf

Grade 9 Science Space Grade 9 Science Astronomy Questions and Answers Which object has such a strong surface gravity that light cannot escape it? a. black hole b. b. black dwarf c. c. red giant d. white dwarf What is a sup...

Grade 9 Science Space Grade 9 Science Astronomy Questions and Answers Which object has such a strong surface gravity that light cannot escape it? a. black hole b. b. black dwarf c. c. red giant d. white dwarf What is a supernova? A brilliant explosion tht marks the end of a massive star. What is the first stage in the formation of a star? A nebula or cloud of dust and gases. Which star below blows up in a supernova explosion. a. low mass star b. b. medium mass star c. massive star Binary stars can be used to establish what property of stars? Binary stars can be used to establish a star's mass. What is the last stage in the formation of a star? A black dwarf. All stars eventually run out of fuel and collapse due to gravity. a. True b. False What is apparent magnitude? The brightness of a star as seen from Earth. Name the eight stages in the life span of a star starting with its birth and ending with its death. Dust and gases, protostar, main sequence, red giant, variable KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 1  Grade 9 Science Space stage, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf An average star spends 90 percent of its life as a helium-burning main- sequence star. a. True b. False Which color stars have the highest surface temperature? a. red b. b. orange c. c. yellow d. blue Distances to stars are usually expressed in units called a. miles b. b. kilometers c. c. light-years d. astronomical units What is a light year? The distance that light travels in one year. The Solar System is defined as: a. The family of stars in our galaxy a. b. The family of the sun, planets, and their moons b. c. The family of the planets and moons c. d. The family of the sun, stars, moons, and planets The measure of a star's brightness is called its a. color index b. b. visual binary c. c. magnitude d. d. parallax Which type of star is the sun? a. black hole KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 2  Grade 9 Science Space b. b. black dwarf c. c. main sequence d. red giant List three factors that control the apparent brightness of a star as seen from Earth. how big it is, how hot it is, how far away it is A star's color can tell you what its approximate temperature is. a. True b. False What does a Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram show. a. the location of stars in the sky b. b. the absolute magnitude and temperature of the stars c. the apparent magnitude and temperature of the stars c. the absolute magnitude and mass of stars The sun produces energy by nuclear fission. a. True b. False What is the name of the dark region on the surface of the photosphere? sunspot What is the name of the relatively thin layer of the sun's atmosphere? Chromosphere When a wave source is moving toward or away from an object, the wavelength changes, a phenomenon known as the Doppler Effect. Astronomers usually study an object by looking directly through a telescope. a. True b. False KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 3  Grade 9 Science Space Distances to nearby stars can be determined from a. fluorescence b. b. stellar parallax c. c. stellar mass d. emission nebulae What can astronomers learn by studying a star's color? Astronomers can learn about a star's temperature by studying its color. What are binary stars? Pairs of stars, pulled toward each other by gravity. Spectroscopy is the study of the properties of light that depend on Wavelength. Refracting telescopes got their name because they refract, or bend , light. Early astronomers were confused because the following planets sometimes reversed their direction: a. Mars b. b. Jupiter c. c. Saturn d. All of the above Astronomers have calculated the parallax angles of millions of stars. a. True b. False Which waves have the highest frequency? a. gamma rays b. b. ultraviolet rays c. c. infrared rays d. radio waves KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 4  Grade 9 Science Space What lies at the center of our solar system? a. the sun b. b. Mars c. c. Earth d. the moon Circle the letter of the two main motions of the Earth. a. rotation and precession b. b. rotation and revolution c. c. revolution and precession d. rotation and aphelion Name three types of energy that make up the electromagnetic spectrum? gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves. List the four main parts of the sun. Solar interior, photosphere, chromosphere,corona What is the name of the huge cloudlike structure of chromospheric gases? prominence All stars have measurable parallax angles. a. True b. False What is the approximate time that it takes Earth to rotate on its axis? a. 24 hours b. B. 30 days c. 365 days What is the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere? a. chromosphere b. b. photosphere c. corona KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 5  Grade 9 Science Space Different parts of the sun rotate at different speeds. a. True b. False The main difference between a reflecting telescope and a refracting telescope is that a reflecting telescope uses a(n) mirror to focus the incoming light. Nearby stars have large parallax angles. a. True b. False What is rotation? The turning, or spinning, of a body on its axis. Approximately how long does it take for the moon to go through all of its phases? a. 24 hours b. b. 12 hours c. c. 30 days d. 365 days The arrangement of electromagnetic waves according to their wavelengths and frequencies is called the electromagnetic spectrum. How does distance affect parallax? The nearest stars have the largest parallax angles, while the parallax angles of distant stars are too small to measure. What is the name of the layer that radiates most of the sunlight we can see? photosphere What is the solar wind? Streams of protons and electrons that boil from the corona KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 6  Grade 9 Science Space What is the gas that makes up most of the Martian atmosphere? a. nitrogen b. b. oxygen c. c. carbon dioxide d. water vapor Which is the best description of the nature of light. a. Light always behaves like waves. b. b. Light always behaves like particles. c. C. Light sometimes behaves like waves and at other times like particles. d. Light never behaves like either waves or particles. Day and night are caused by Earth's revolution on its axis. a. True b. False What must happen in order for an eclipse to take place? The earth or the moon must block out the sun. What is the substance that most likely makes up Neptune's upper cloud layer? a. water droplets b. b. ice crystals c. c. frozen carbon dioxide d. frozen methane What is the name of the brief outburst associated with sunspot cluster? solar flare Is Mercury a terrestrial planet or a Jovian planet? terrestrial The terrestrial planets are relatively small and rocky. What year was Uranus discovered? KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 7  Grade 9 Science Space a. 1992 b. b. 1543 c. c. 1781 d. 1654 Almost all of the mass of the solar system is within the Sun. A(n) Nebula is a cloud of dust and gas in space. Circle the letter of the planet(s) that have ring systems. a. Saturn only b. b. Saturn and Jupiter only c. c. all four Jovian planets d. all nine planets Most large optical telescopes are reflectors. a. True b. False What is solar wind? Streams of protons and electrons that boil from the corona. When a light source approaches an observer its a. pitch becomes lower b. b. pitch becomes higher c. c. light becomes bluer d. light becomes redder What is the name of the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere called? corona List the main three forms of radiation in which which solar flares release energy. ultraviolet, radio, and X-ray KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 8  Grade 9 Science Space Who was the first test pilot to successfully fly the X-1? Chuck Yeager The geocentric model was created by Aristotle who said that all planets revolved around the Earth. Why is it unlikely that life as we know it exists on Mercury? The temperatures are too extreme. Too cold and too hot. What is the shape of a planet's orbit? a. circular b. b. irregular c. c. elliptical d. constantly changing Color changes on Mars's surface observed from Earth may be caused by Extensive dust storms in Mars's atmosphere. Copernicus placed the sun at the center of the solar system, with the planets orbiting around it. List the types of energy that make up the electromagnetic spectrum. gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves. Particles of light are called Photons. Most of Venus's surface consists of plains covered by lava flows. a. True b. False Lunar phases are caused by motions of the Moon and the sunlight that is reflected from its surface. Nicholas Copernicus proposed a new model KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 9  Grade 9 Science Space that said the sun was fixed and a rotating earth travelled westward around it. Mars's atmosphere is 90 times the density of Earth's. a. True b. False The idea that the moon, sun, and known planets orbit Earth is called the geocentric model of the universe. An uninterrupted band of color is called a(n) Continuous spectrum. Why do the auroral displays vary with the 11-year sunspot cycle? Auroral displays are caused by sunspot activity. What are the two main motions of the Earth? rotation and revolution The Earth Centered Model was useful for predicting dates and times at which celestial bodies rose and set. Why do sunspots appear dark? Their temperature is about 1500K less than that of the surrounding solar surface. An eclipse can only occur during a new moon or full moon when the moon's orbit crosses the plane of the eliptic. The largest volcano on Mars is over two and one half times higher than Mount Everest. a. True b. False Neptune has winds exceeding 1000km per hour. KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 10  Grade 9 Science Space a. True b. False In Aristotle's geocentric model of our solar system, the was considered to be the center of the universe. a. sun b. b. earth c. c. asteroid belt d. North Star Is Uranus a terrestrial planet or a Jovian planet? Jovian Name the eight planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Which astronomer formulated and tested the law of universal gravitation? Isaac Newton List four reasons Venus is referred to as Earth's twin. Size, density, mass, and location in the solar system. What is the function of the objective lens of a refracting telescope? Produces an image by bending light from a distant object so that the light converges at an area called the focus. Circle the letter of the answer that correctly describes Jupiter's mass. a. 800 times as massive as the sun b. b. the same mass as the sun c. c. 2 and one half times greater than the mass of all of the other planets and moons combined d. the same mass as all of the other planets and moons combined Lunar phases are a result of the motion of the moon and the sunlight that is reflected from its surface. KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 11  Grade 9 Science Space Pluto's orbit is highly highly eccentric , causing it to sometimes travel inside the orbit of Neptune. A radio telescope works in a similar way to a radio antenna. a. True b. False Different space telescopes collect the same information about an object in space. a. True b. False List two advantages of radio telescopes over optical telescopes. Less affected by turbulence in the atmosphere, no protective dome is required, viewing is possible 24 hours a day, can see through interstellar dust clouds, can detect clouds of gases too cold to emit visible light. What can a star's spectrum tell astronomers about the star? It identifies the elements present and the star's chemical composition. When a light source moves away from an observer its a. pitch becomes lower b. b. pitch becomes higher c. c. light becomes bluer d. light becomes redder Why do space telescopes produce clearer images than telescopes on Earth? They do not have to go through the Earth's atmosphere. Is Neptune a terrestrial or Jovian planet? Jovian Circle the letter of Mercury's position in the solar system. a. innermost terrestrial planet KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 12  Grade 9 Science Space b. b. innermost Jovian planet c. c. outermost terrestrial planet d. outermost Jovian planet described the behavior of moving objects. a. Galileo b. b. Newton c. c. Copernicus d. Aristotle Jupiter's surface is thought to be a giant ocean of liquid water. a. True b. False Is Venus a terrestrial or Jovian planet? Terrestrial What is unique about Uranus's axis of rotation? It lies nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit. Explain the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the universe In the geocentric model, th sun and the planets revolve around Earth. In the heliocentric model, Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. Is Jupiter a terrestrial or Jovian planet? Jovian One of Jupiter's moons, Io , is one of only three volcanically active bodies in the solar system. What is Saturn's most prominent feature? a. moon system b. b. ring system c. c. giant storm KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 13  Grade 9 Science Space d. liquid oceans Name one test that the astronauts had to undergo. Varies List the planets whose orbital planes lie more than 3 degrees from the plane of the sun's equator. Mercury and Pluto Refracting telescopes suffer from an optical defect called chromatic aberration. a. True b. False What is the type of invisible radiation from space that can be detected from Earth's surface? a. gamma rays b. b. X-rays c. c. infrared radiation d. radio waves Is Saturn a terrestrial or Jovian planet? Jovian Refracting telescopes suffer from an optical defect called chromatic aberration. a. True b. False The Jovian planets are huge, rocky giants. a. True b. False When a sound source approaches an observer the a. pitch become lower b. b. pitch becomes higher KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 14  Grade 9 Science Space c. c. light becomes bluer d. light becomes redder Why was John Glenn such an appealing candidate? America loved him and his personality. Venus's topography has been maped from space and Earth, using radar pulses. Mercury has the greatest Temperature extremes of any planet. Using Brahe's precise observations, discovered three laws of planetary motion. a. Aristotle b. b. Kepler c. c. Hipparchus d. Copernicus Mars's polar caps are made of Water ice covered with a think layer of frozen Uranus's moon Miranda has a greater variety of Landforms than any solar system body yet examined. Uranus's rings were discovered when Uranus passed in front of a distant star and blocked its view. a. True b. False Brahe's observations, especially of , were far more precise than any made previously. a. Earth b. b. Mercury c. c. Mars d. Venus KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 15  Grade 9 Science Space When is the moon nearest to Earth during its orbit? a. at apogee b. b. at perihelion c. c. during an eclipse d. during perigee List the four main differences between the terrestrial and Jovian planets. Size, Density, Chemical Makeup, Rate of rotation To escape from a planet's gravity, an object must reach a speed called the escape velocity. Copernicus developed a model of the solar system with the sun at the center. What are the outermost group of planets called? Jovian Chuck Yeager wasn't chosen to be an astronaut. Why not? He didn't go to college. One piece of evidence that there was once water on Mars is that some areas have drainage patterns similar to those made by Streams on Earth. How can you show that visible light is made up of many different wavelengths? A spectrum is produced when sunlight or visible light is passed through a prism, which bends each wavelength at different angles. Different electromagnetic waves travel through vacuum at different speeds. a. True b. False Why is an understanding of light important to astronomers? KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 16  Grade 9 Science Space Scientists can better understand the nature of more distant objects in space. What unusual feature does Saturn's moon Titan share with Neptune's moon Triton? They both have substantial atmospheres. What does the retrograde motion of Neptune's moon Triton indicate about its origin? Triton formed independently of Neptune and was gravitationally captured. Describe the heliocentric model of the universe. The sun is at the center of the solar system and the planets orbit the sun. What are Jupiter's rings made up of? Fine, dark particles, similar in size to smoke particles. Why is it unlikely that life as we know it exists on Venus? High temperatures, Atmosphere 97 percent Carbon Dioxide, Atmospheric pressure 90 times that of Earth. What was the most important accomplishment of the Apollo moon missions? Landing on the moon and collecting data and samples from the moon's surface. How would geometry and trigonometry have been useful to early astronomers? These would have provided a method of approximating sizes and distances. Describe how Eratosthenes measured the size of Earth. He observed and calculated the difference between the angles of the noonday sun in two cities. KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 17  Grade 9 Science Space List three accomplishments of Hipparchus. Star catalog, measured length of year, developed method for predicting lunar eclipses. Why do auroras occur near the polar regions instead of other locations on Earth? The ionized particles in the solar flares are attracted to the north and south magnetic poles of Earth's magnetic field.The ions follow the magnetic field lines because a force is generated when they move with some component perpendicular to the lines, and the field lines mostly reach Earth at the magnetic poles. Is Mars a terrestrial planet or a Jovian planet? terrestrial What is an orbiting observatory? An orbiting observatory is research satellite, designed for the study or observation of distant stars, planets, galaxies or similar objects. What are the groups of substances that make up the planets? Minerals, Metals, Gases Saturn has large cyclonic storms similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot. a. True b. False What will happen to the Sun before it dies and how does it affect Mercury and Venus? Before the sun dies it will expand, when this happens it will consume Mercury and Venus. List the four main parts of the sun. solar interior, photosphere, chromosphere, corona A series of bright lines of particular wavelengths is called KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 18  Grade 9 Science Space a(n) emission spectrum. A band of color with a series of dark lines running through it is called a(n) Absorption spectrum. How long did Alan Shepherd's flight, the first manned U.S. spacecraft, last? 15 minutes Give two reasons why the Jovian planets have much thicker atmospheres than the terrestrial planets. greater escape velocities, cooler temperature How did the United States react when they found out that the Russians put a man in space before they did. Angry, Jealous, Inspired Who believed he was the best pilot you ever saw? Gordon Cooper How were the large canyons on Mars thought to have formed? Slippage of material along huge faults in the crustal layer. What were the spacecraft modifications the astronauts demanded? A hatch with explosive bolts and a window. What did a pilot have to do to be memorialized on Pancho's wall? He had to die. Describe the forces responsible for keeping the planets in orbit around the sun. Make sure to appropriately use the words: inertia, angular momentum, and gravity. What scientist is responsible for developing the ideas and models to explain this? Planetary orbits are created by a balance between angular centripetal forces and the gravitational pull of the moon. Inertia is the force of an object in motion that keeps it in motion unless acted upon by another force. KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 19  Grade 9 Science Space Name four ways in which Mercury is similar to the moon and two ways in which it is different. It absorbs most of the sunlight that strikes it and reflects only 6 percent back into space. It has cratered highlands and smooth terrains that resemble maria. It is about the same size as the moon. Differences are Mercury is much denser than the moon and has very long scarps that cut across the plains and craters alike. Source: http://www.testdesigner.com KaySungPark.WordPress.Com 20