Social Revolution & Rock n' Roll Part II (1964-1969) PDF

Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) Political and Social Change of the 1960’s MOMENT JFK Assassination (1963) Malcolm X Assassination (1965) MLK Assassination (1968)...

Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) Political and Social Change of the 1960’s MOMENT JFK Assassination (1963) Malcolm X Assassination (1965) MLK Assassination (1968) RFK Assassination (1968) Environmental Movement Sexual Revolution Counter Culture Movement Second Wave Feminism The Cold War (1945ish - 1990ish) Vietnam War (1963ish - 1973) The Space Race Bob Dylan ARTIST Born Robert Allen Zimmerman Leading figure in the folk movement of the early mid-60’s Lyrics-first genre with political and social themes Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 1  Nobel Prize winner for literature One of the most important figures in 20th century music Most important lyricist in the history of popular music “Highway 61 Revisited” released 1965 https://open.spotify.com/album/6YabPKtZAjxwyWbuO9p4ZD?si=L23kd ozPQGmLITQXf7iJRA Recorded at Columbia Studios A First electric rock album for Dylan 1965 Newport Folk Festival performance “Like a Rolling Stone” https://open.spotify.com/track/3AhXZa8sUQht0UEdBJgpGc?si=139af6 5196cc4289 Expression → song → band → song → magazine Sam Cooke ARTIST “The King of Soul” Crossover star “Ain’t That Good News” released 1964 https://open.spotify.com/album/4JtsHZBPAvCXNaXWOWV08j?si=NZcV GMuVTKayJWVzHSbdmA Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 2  Released on RCA Victor Wrecking Crew plays on album Featuring “A Change Is Gonna Come” https://open.spotify.com/track/0D0NwBMfJPoh1sZ61p5Fot?si=cec616d 3d45a449b 1960’s civil rights anthem #3 on Rolling Stone list of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time Cooke murdered at age 33 (Dec. 1964) Al Schmitt PRODUCER 1930 - 2021 Won 20+ Grammy awards Mentioned by Tom Dowd RCA Studios (LA) Capitol Records (LA) Your favourite engineer’s favourite engineer Master of mic selection and placement Used an EQ when recording GOAT engineer Check out his book On the Record Worked with: Ray Charles Sam Cooke Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 3  Frank Sinatra Natalie Cole Neil Young Steely Dan Diana Krall Henry Mancini Elvis Toto Jackson Browne Bing Crosby Sammy Davis Jr. Tony Bennett Bob Dylan Jefferson Airplane George Benson Madonna Paul McCartney John Coltrane - “A Love Supreme” RELEASE https://open.spotify.com/album/7Eoz7hJvaX1eFkbpQxC5PA?si=umYOww43 RMmM9HCnOQJVtQ Released 1964 Impulse Records Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 4  Recorded at Van Gelder Studios Recorded in a single day Coltrane’s masterpiece Through-composed 4 part composition Featured: Jimmy Garrison - bass Elvin Jones - drums McCoy Tyner - piano Coltrane emerges as a band leader as a member of the Miles Davis group 8-Track Tapes TECHNOLOGY Invented in 1964 Playback systems available in Ford cars in 1965 4 stereo tracks (programs) per tape Changed consumption method Portable music on demand! Declines in popularity in the 80’s Compact cassette tapes dominate 80’s market Dolby Noise Reduction TECHNOLOGY 1965 - Dolby A For studio use Up to 15dB reduction 1968 - Dolby B Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 5  Consumer product 1980 - Dolby C 1986 - Dolby SR Up to 25 dB reduction Invented by Ray Dolby Reduces tape hiss Becomes the industry standard for reducing tape hiss Surround sound and Atmos are later inventions of the Dolby company The Beach Boys - “Pet Sounds” RELEASE https://open.spotify.com/album/2CNEkSE8TADXRT2AzcEt1b?si=k5d-wWuy QWuGj0My_asB-Q Released in 1966 “Good Vibrations” is the single (recorded at 4 different studios) Possibly the most celebrated recording of the 1960’s Showcases Brian Wilson (age 23) as composer and producer Sophisticated instrumentation and arrangements Draws on classical instrumentation and jazz harmony Featuring The Wrecking Crew Recorded at Western Recorders, Gold Star and Columbia (LA) Luke-warm reviews initially (later hailed as a masterpiece) The Theremin TECHNOLOGY Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 6  Invented by Leon Theremin 1919 Russian physicist Played without touching the instrument Instrument creates electromagnetic fields Waving hands through fields controls pitch and amplitude Very difficult to play Monophonic (one note at a time) The British Invasion MOMENT Importation of British music (and culture) into the US The Beatles The Rolling Stones The Yardbirds/Led Zeppelin The Who The Kinks Cream Studer J37 TECHNOLOGY Willi Studer Released 1964 The first Studer multi-track recorder Uses 1-inch tape Abbey Road Studios buys four J37’s in 1965 Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 7  Impeccable Swiss engineering One of the most coveted tape machines of all-time Now available as a Waves plugin Abbey Road Studios STUDIO Located in London Formerly EMI Studios Sunken live room Geoff Emmerick - staff engineer Ken Scott - later staff engineer No musicians allowed in the control room in the early 60’s White lab coats, stodgy old blokes Made famous by… The Beatles - “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” RELEASE https://open.spotify.com/album/6QaVfG1pHYl1z15ZxkvVDW?si=Sa8-IeYgQu OOpJpxp-kDQA Released June 1967 Made use of: Studer J37 (multiple) Mellotron Orchestral sound Experiments of Sgt. Pepper’s: Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 8  Studio as an instrument Sort of a concept album Psychedelic New sounds and instruments New lyrical approach Pseudo response to Pet Sounds Geoff Emmerick PRODUCER 1945-2018 Known primarily for his work for the Beatles Works on albums: Revolver, Sgt. Pepper, Abbey Road Encouraged sonic experimentation Invents new audio production techniques to satisfy the increasingly unusual requests from The Beatles George Martin PRODUCER 1926-2016 Staff producer for EMI Producer for the Beatles Classically trained: Composer Arranger Conductor Schoolmaster vibes Founded AIR Studios in London and Montserrat (Caribbean) Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 9  Innovations of the Beatles STYLE Sonics: Experimental microphone techniques Intentional use of distortion Intentional use of feedback (I Feel Fine) Reverse tape effects Ribbon mic (figure 8 by default) Extensive track bouncing Extensive tape editing Tape loops Non-musical sounds (musique concrete) Vocal effects ADT (artificial/automatic double tracking) Half-speed recording Instrumentation: Mellotron Fender Rhodes Moog synth World instrumentation Classical instrumentation Structural: Expanded/experimental song structure Innovative and expended lyrical approach Concept albums Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 10  The Beatles in Mono STYLE All Beatles pre-Yellow Submarine is best consumed in mono Stereo mixes were an afterthought Beatles weren’t even in the room for the stereo mixes Assistant engineers were tasked with creating stereo mixes because main engineers didn’t view the technology as important Majority of people only listened to music in mono The balance in the mono mixes is superior There are now mono mixes available on Spotify Neumann KM84 TECHNOLOGY First mic to ever use 48V (phantom power) Small diaphragm condenser Very flat frequency response Fixed cardioid pickup pattern Engineered to be as small as possible KM - Kleine Mikrofon - small microphone Neumann U87 TECHNOLOGY Improvement on design of U67 Introduced 1967 with invention of 48V (phantom power) Possible the most loved LDC of all-time Works on basically everything Extremely versatile and reliable mic: Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 11  Cardioid, Figure 8 and Omni pick-up patterns HPF 10dB pad Other Important Mics of the 60’s TECHNOLOGY Coles 4038 Instruments/drums AKG D12 Dynamic mic Bass/kick Neumann M49 Condenser mic Vocals Electro Voice RE-20 Dynamic mic Vocals/bass/kick Used for broadcast Aretha Franklin ARTIST 1942-2018 The “Queen of Soul” GOAT R&B singer From Detroit Son of famous singing minister CL Franklin Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 12  “I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You” released 1967 https://open.spotify.com/album/5WndWfzGwCkHzAbQXVkg2V?si=7wy 3imekTE-DrMNvN1CQiQ Atlantic Records (first album) Produced by Jerry Wexler (Atlantic) Engineered by Tom Dowd The Swampers (Muscle Shoals house band) Contains the song “Respect” https://open.spotify.com/track/7s25THrKz86DM225dOYwnr?si=e09 1b23092f84cf6 Written by Otis Redding Jimi Hendrix - “Are You Experienced” RELEASE https://open.spotify.com/album/719ELjvRzp0lHiLyAuAGj3?si=kse55SWvRP S9ALrrJHjlWw 1967 Reprise Records (US) Debut album for The Jimi Hendrix Experience Fender Strat + Marshall Amp Jimi changes what’s possible technically and sonically on an electric guitar Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 13  Jimi starts careers as a hired gun for Little Richard and The Isley Brothers Achieved no solo success until visit to UK in 1966 The Summer of Love MOMENT Summer of 1967 - Peak of the Hippie Era Known as the “Summer of Love” Over 100,000 youth descend on San Francisco Haight and Ashbury neighborhood Bill Graham and the Fillmore Most important promoter and venue in San Francisco The San Francisco sound: The Grateful Dead Sly and the Family Stone Jefferson Airplane Santana Steve Miller Band Big Brother & The Holding Company Country Joe and the Fish Ampex MM-1000 TECHNOLOGY Released 1967 The first 16-track tape machine Preceded by the AG 1000 (1966) 2-inch tape Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 14  Reliable Sounds great 16 tracks becomes the minimum standard in the 70’s UREI 1176 TECHNOLOGY Released 1967/68 Designed by Bill Putnam Sr. Solid state - transistor based (no tubes) Field Effect Transistor (FET) offers super fast attack times 20-800 microseconds attack range Reissued by Bill Putnam Jr. with Universal Audio in 2000 GOAT Compressor? MCI JH-24 TECHNOLOGY Released in 1968 First 24-track tape machine Modified Ampex 300 8, 16 and 24-track versions 2-inch tape Remote control for operating Moog Modular Synthesizer TECHNOLOGY Robert Moog (rhymes with Vogue) Moog demos his modular at AES in 1964 Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 15  Released for sale in 1965 Uses cable connected modules each with a specific function Popularized by Wendy Carlos Not portable or inexpensive! The Minimoog is right around the corner First retail synth, 1970 Wendy Carlos - “Switched on Bach” RELEASE Released 1968 Columbia Records Featured a variety of Bach pieces Used Moog Modular synth Sold over 1 million copies Hugely influential Trident Studios STUDIO Opened in 1968 in London State of the art equipment Sound Techniques A Range Console Notable artists: Queen David Bowie Elton John The Rolling Stones Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 16  Ken Scott PRODUCER Engineer and producer Worked at Abbey Road & Trident Studios Worked with: The Beatles Elton John Pink Floyd Jeff Beck David Bowie Supertramp Duran Duran Memoir called “Abbey Road to Ziggy Stardust” Woodstock MOMENT August 1969 400,000+ people One of the largest concerts ever Iconic moment for the counter-culture movement Put together by 4 people under 30 Became a free concert Performers included: Santana The Grateful Dead Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 17  The Who Jimi Hendrix Sly & The Family Stone Creedence Clearwater Revival Janis Joplin Jefferson Airplane The Band Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young Joe Cocker The Wah Wah Pedal TECHNOLOGY Most popular guitar effect pedal of all time? A foot-operated filter for guitars/keyboards Creates a “wah-wah” sounds similar to a baby crying Rocking foot back and forth on pedal sweeps filter Extremely popular in the late 60’s and through the 70’s Released by Thomas Organ Company in 1967 Purchased by Dunlop in 1982 The Beatles Break Up MOMENT “Let It Be” recorded primarily in 68/69 and then shelved “Abbey Road” album is recorded and releases in 1969 Band breaks up in 1970 Let It Be (with Phil Spector production) released one month after breakup Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 18  Produced by George Martin, over-produced by Phil Spector “Let It Be Naked” (2003) LA-3A TECHNOLOGY Released 1969 Solid state version of the LA-2A Still uses optical cell of LA-2A but merged with the transistor circuitry of the 1176 Fast attack, mid-forward sound Previous Next Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: The Golden Age of Tape: Part I Part I (1960-1963) (1970-1973) Social Revolution & Rock n’ Roll: Part II (1964-1969) 19