Social Revolution & Rock n' Roll: 1964-1969
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Questions and Answers

Who emerged as a band leader while being a member of the Miles Davis group?

  • Paul McCartney
  • George Benson
  • Bob Dylan
  • John Coltrane (correct)
  • What year was the 8-track tape invented?

  • 1966
  • 1962
  • 1964 (correct)
  • 1968
  • Which album is considered John Coltrane's masterpiece?

  • Giant Steps
  • Blue Train
  • Kind of Blue
  • A Love Supreme (correct)
  • How many parts does Coltrane's through-composed composition consist of?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did playback systems for 8-track tapes become available in Ford cars?

    <p>1965</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the foot-operated filter for guitars/keyboards?

    <p>To produce a 'wah-wah' sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the foot-operated filter, known for its 'wah-wah' sound, originally released?

    <p>1967</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which production method was applied to 'Let It Be' that distinguished it from other Beatles albums?

    <p>Over-production by Phil Spector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company purchased the foot-operated filter in 1982?

    <p>Dunlop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the notable difference between the LA-3A and its predecessor, the LA-2A?

    <p>It is a solid state version</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is known as 'The King of Soul'?

    <p>Sam Cooke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What song by Sam Cooke is considered a civil rights anthem from the 1960s?

    <p>A Change Is Gonna Come</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was Dolby C introduced, and what was its significance?

    <p>1980, reduced tape hiss effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which album marked Bob Dylan's transition to electric rock?

    <p>Highway 61 Revisited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument, invented by Leon Theremin, produces sound without direct contact?

    <p>The Theremin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the composer and producer of the famous 1966 album 'Pet Sounds'?

    <p>Brian Wilson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event did Bob Dylan perform at in 1965 that showcased his electric sound?

    <p>Newport Folk Festival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was notable about the Abbey Road Studios during the early 1960s?

    <p>No musicians were allowed in the control room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which social movement is NOT mentioned as part of the political and social changes of the 1960s?

    <p>Civil Rights Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology did the Studer J37 introduce to the music recording process?

    <p>Multi-track recording with 1-inch tape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant event that occurred in 1968 affecting social movements?

    <p>RFK Assassination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Al Schmitt is best known for his work in which area?

    <p>Music Production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was not one of the bands included in the British Invasion?

    <p>The Beach Boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main function of Dolby Noise Reduction technology?

    <p>To reduce tape hiss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attack time range of the Field Effect Transistor (FET)?

    <p>20-800 microseconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following musicians did Al Schmitt NOT work with?

    <p>Beyoncé</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genre is most associated with Bob Dylan's early work?

    <p>Folk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way did 'Good Vibrations' stand out among recordings of the 1960s?

    <p>It was produced by four different studios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable artist did NOT record at Trident Studios?

    <p>Jimi Hendrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthesizer was popularized by Wendy Carlos?

    <p>Moog Modular Synthesizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation did the Dolby company later introduce after the Dolby Noise Reduction technologies?

    <p>Surround sound and Atmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was 'Ain't That Good News' released?

    <p>1964</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the instrumentation of The Beach Boys' 'Pet Sounds'?

    <p>Classical instrumentation and jazz harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the first 24-track tape machine released?

    <p>1968</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the producer and engineer known for working at Abbey Road and Trident Studios?

    <p>Ken Scott</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What iconic concert took place in August 1969 and had over 400,000 attendees?

    <p>Woodstock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is known as the most popular guitar effect pedal of all time?

    <p>Wah Wah Pedal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was 'Switched on Bach' by Wendy Carlos released?

    <p>1968</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments was NOT a cable-connected module in the Moog Modular Synthesizer?

    <p>Drum machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key feature of the MCI JH-24?

    <p>It was the first 24-track tape machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovative audio production technique was invented by Geoff Emmerick to address The Beatles' requests?

    <p>Tape loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mics is noted for having a fixed cardioid pickup pattern?

    <p>Neumann KM84</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is recognized as the ‘Queen of Soul’?

    <p>Aretha Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the Beatles' mono mixes prior to 'Yellow Submarine'?

    <p>More focused sound balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which album was Jimi Hendrix's debut released in 1967?

    <p>Are You Experienced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which production aspect is NOT attributed to George Martin?

    <p>Inventing audio production techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development occurred in 1967 that changed music production?

    <p>Release of the Ampex MM-1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is NOT typically associated with the Beatles' innovations?

    <p>Glockenspiel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genre does the 'Summer of Love' most closely relate to?

    <p>Hippie counterculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What innovation is the UREI 1176 known for?

    <p>FET compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist's album includes the song 'Respect'?

    <p>Aretha Franklin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did The Beatles generally perceive stereo mixes?

    <p>As not very relevant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the use of various track layering techniques in recording?

    <p>Track bouncing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Political and Social Change of the 1960s

    • JFK Assassination (1963)
    • Malcolm X Assassination (1965)
    • MLK Assassination (1968)
    • RFK Assassination (1968)
    • Environmental Movement
    • Sexual Revolution
    • Counter Culture Movement
    • Second Wave Feminism
    • The Cold War (1945-1990)
    • Vietnam War (1963-1973)
    • The Space Race

    Bob Dylan

    • Born Robert Allen Zimmerman
    • Leading figure in the folk movement of the early/mid-60s
    • Lyrics-first genre with political and social themes

    Sam Cooke

    • "The King of Soul"
    • Crossover star
    • "Ain't That Good News" released 1964

    Al Schmitt

    • Producer (1930-2021)
    • Won 20+ Grammy awards
    • Mentioned by Tom Dowd
    • RCA Studios (LA)
    • Capitol Records (LA)
    • Master of mic selection & placement
    • Used an EQ when recording
    • GOAT engineer
    • Worked with Ray Charles and Sam Cooke

    John Coltrane - "A Love Supreme"

    • Released 1964
    • Impulse Records

    8-Track Tapes

    • Invented in 1964
    • Playback systems available in Ford cars in 1965
    • 4 stereo tracks (programs) per tape
    • Portable music on demand
    • Declined in popularity in the 80s
    • Compact cassette tapes dominated the 80's market

    Dolby Noise Reduction

    • 1965 - Dolby A (for studio use)
    • Up to 15dB reduction
    • 1968 - Dolby B

    The Beach Boys - "Pet Sounds"

    • Released in 1966
    • "Good Vibrations" is the most celebrated recording of the 1960s
    • Showcases Brian Wilson as composer
    • Sophisticated instrumentation and jazz harmony.
    • Recorded at various studios (Gold Star & Columbia LA)
    • Initially received mixed reviews, but later hailed as a masterpiece.

    The Theremin

    • Invented by Leon Theremin in 1919
    • Russian physicist
    • Played without touching; electromagnetic fields
    • Monophonic (one note at a time)

    The British Invasion

    • Importation of British music into the US.
    • The Beatles
    • The Rolling Stones
    • The Yardbirds/Led Zeppelin
    • The Who
    • The Kinks
    • Cream

    Studer J37

    • Released 1964
    • First Studer multi-track recorder
    • Uses 1-inch tape
    • Abbey Road Studios bought four J37s in 1965

    Abbey Road Studios

    • Located in London
    • Formerly EMI Studios
    • Sunken live room
    • Geoff Emmerick, Ken Scott - staff engineers
    • No musicians allowed in the control room

    The Beatles - "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"

    • Released June 1967
    • Made use of Studer J37, Mellotron, Orchestral Sound
    • Experiments reflected in Sgt Peppers

    Geoff Emmerick

    • Producer (1945-2018)
    • Beatles' producer, Revolver, Sgt. Pepper, Abbey Road
    • Encouraged sonic experimentation
    • Invented new audio production techniques

    George Martin

    • Producer (1926-2016)
    • Staff producer for EMI
    • Producer for the Beatles
    • Classically trained Composer & Arranger
    • Conducted music/vibes

    Innovations of the Beatles

    • Experimental microphone techniques
    • Intentional distortion & use of feedback
    • Reverse tape effects
    • Extensive track bouncing
    • Tape loops
    • Non-musical sounds
    • Vocal effects
    • Half-speed recording
    • Mellotron, Fender Rhodes, Moog Synthesizer
    • World instrumentation
    • Classical instrumentations
    • Expanded/experimental song structure
    • Innovative/expanded lyrical approach
    • Concept Albums

    The Beatles in Mono

    • All pre-Yellow Submarine albums best consumed in mono
    • Stereo mixes an afterthought
    • Assistant engineers were tasked with stereo mixes
    • Majority of people listen in mono
    • Mono mixes are superior
    • Mono mixes are now available on Spotify

    Neumann KM84

    • First mic to use 48V phantom power
    • Small diaphragm condenser
    • Very flat frequency response
    • Fixed cardioid pattern
    • Engineered to be small

    Neumann U87

    • Improvement on the U67 design
    • Introduced 48V (phantom power) in 1967
    • Extremely versatile and reliable microphone
    • Possible the most loved LDC of all time

    Other Important Mics of the 60s

    • Coles 4038 (Instruments/drums)
    • AKG D12 (Dynamic Mic)
    • Neumann M49 (Condenser Mic)
    • Electro-Voice RE-20 (Dynamic Mic)

    Aretha Franklin

    • (1942-2018), "Queen of Soul",
    • GOAT R&B singer, From Detroit, Son of CL Franklin

    Jimi Hendrix - "Are You Experienced?"

    • Released 1967
    • Reprise Records (US)
    • Fender Strat + Marshall Amp
    • Jimi changed what's possible technically on an electric guitar

    The Summer of Love

    • Summer of 1967; Peak of the Hippie Era, "Summer of Love"
    • Over 100,000 youth in San Francisco; Haight-Ashbury
    • Bill Graham: important promoter and venue in San Francisco including Fillmore
    • The Grateful Dead, Sly and the Family Stone, Jefferson Airplane, Santana, Steve Miller Band, Big Brother & The Holding Company.
    • Country Joe and the Fish

    Ampex MM-1000

    • Released 1967
    • First 16-track tape machine
    • Preceded by the AG 1000 (1966)
    • 2-inch tape

    UREI 1176

    • Released 1967-68
    • Solid-state transistor-based compressor
    • Field Effect Transistor (FET)
    • 20-800 microseconds attack range
    • Reissued by Bill Putnam Jr. with Universal Audio in 2000

    MCI JH-24

    • Released in 1968
    • First 24-track tape machine
    • Modified Ampex 300
    • 8, 16 and 24-track versions
    • 2-inch tape.
    • Remote control

    Moog Modular Synthesizer

    • Robert Moog (rhymes with Vogue)
    • Moog demos his modular at AES in 1964

    Wendy Carlos - "Switched on Bach"

    • Released 1968
    • Columbia Records (Album)
    • Featured variety of Bach pieces
    • Used Moog Modular synth
    • Sold over one million copies
    • Hugely influential

    Trident Studios

    • Opened in 1968 in London
    • State of the art equipment
    • Notable artists: Queen, David Bowie, Elton John, Rolling Stones

    Ken Scott

    • Engineer and producer
    • Worked at Abbey Road & Trident Studios
    • Worked with: The Beatles, Elton John, Pink Floyd, Jeff Beck, David Bowie, Supertramp, Duran Duran
    • Memoir called “Abbey Road to Ziggy Stardust”

    Woodstock

    • August 1969
    • 400,000+ people attended
    • One of the largest concerts ever
    • Iconic moment for the counter-culture movement
    • Free concert, included Santana and The Grateful Dead

    The Wah Wah Pedal

    • Most popular guitar effect pedal
    • Foot-operated filter for guitars/keyboards
    • Creates "wah-wah" sound
    • Popular in the late 60s and 70s

    The Beatles' Breakup

    • "Let It Be" recorded primarily in 68/69; shelved
    • "Abbey Road" recorded and released in 1969
    • Band broke up in 1970
    • "Let It Be" (with Phil Spector production) released one month after breakup

    LA-3A

    • Released 1969
    • Solid state version of the LA-2A
    • Uses optical cell of LA-2A
    • Fast attack, mid-forward sound

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