Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who emerged as a band leader while being a member of the Miles Davis group?
Who emerged as a band leader while being a member of the Miles Davis group?
What year was the 8-track tape invented?
What year was the 8-track tape invented?
Which album is considered John Coltrane's masterpiece?
Which album is considered John Coltrane's masterpiece?
How many parts does Coltrane's through-composed composition consist of?
How many parts does Coltrane's through-composed composition consist of?
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In what year did playback systems for 8-track tapes become available in Ford cars?
In what year did playback systems for 8-track tapes become available in Ford cars?
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What is the primary function of the foot-operated filter for guitars/keyboards?
What is the primary function of the foot-operated filter for guitars/keyboards?
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In what year was the foot-operated filter, known for its 'wah-wah' sound, originally released?
In what year was the foot-operated filter, known for its 'wah-wah' sound, originally released?
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Which production method was applied to 'Let It Be' that distinguished it from other Beatles albums?
Which production method was applied to 'Let It Be' that distinguished it from other Beatles albums?
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Which company purchased the foot-operated filter in 1982?
Which company purchased the foot-operated filter in 1982?
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What is the notable difference between the LA-3A and its predecessor, the LA-2A?
What is the notable difference between the LA-3A and its predecessor, the LA-2A?
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Which artist is known as 'The King of Soul'?
Which artist is known as 'The King of Soul'?
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What song by Sam Cooke is considered a civil rights anthem from the 1960s?
What song by Sam Cooke is considered a civil rights anthem from the 1960s?
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What year was Dolby C introduced, and what was its significance?
What year was Dolby C introduced, and what was its significance?
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Which album marked Bob Dylan's transition to electric rock?
Which album marked Bob Dylan's transition to electric rock?
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Which instrument, invented by Leon Theremin, produces sound without direct contact?
Which instrument, invented by Leon Theremin, produces sound without direct contact?
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Who was the composer and producer of the famous 1966 album 'Pet Sounds'?
Who was the composer and producer of the famous 1966 album 'Pet Sounds'?
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What significant event did Bob Dylan perform at in 1965 that showcased his electric sound?
What significant event did Bob Dylan perform at in 1965 that showcased his electric sound?
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What was notable about the Abbey Road Studios during the early 1960s?
What was notable about the Abbey Road Studios during the early 1960s?
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Which social movement is NOT mentioned as part of the political and social changes of the 1960s?
Which social movement is NOT mentioned as part of the political and social changes of the 1960s?
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What technology did the Studer J37 introduce to the music recording process?
What technology did the Studer J37 introduce to the music recording process?
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What was a significant event that occurred in 1968 affecting social movements?
What was a significant event that occurred in 1968 affecting social movements?
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Al Schmitt is best known for his work in which area?
Al Schmitt is best known for his work in which area?
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Which of the following was not one of the bands included in the British Invasion?
Which of the following was not one of the bands included in the British Invasion?
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What was the main function of Dolby Noise Reduction technology?
What was the main function of Dolby Noise Reduction technology?
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What is the attack time range of the Field Effect Transistor (FET)?
What is the attack time range of the Field Effect Transistor (FET)?
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Which of the following musicians did Al Schmitt NOT work with?
Which of the following musicians did Al Schmitt NOT work with?
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What genre is most associated with Bob Dylan's early work?
What genre is most associated with Bob Dylan's early work?
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In what way did 'Good Vibrations' stand out among recordings of the 1960s?
In what way did 'Good Vibrations' stand out among recordings of the 1960s?
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Which notable artist did NOT record at Trident Studios?
Which notable artist did NOT record at Trident Studios?
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Which synthesizer was popularized by Wendy Carlos?
Which synthesizer was popularized by Wendy Carlos?
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Which innovation did the Dolby company later introduce after the Dolby Noise Reduction technologies?
Which innovation did the Dolby company later introduce after the Dolby Noise Reduction technologies?
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In what year was 'Ain't That Good News' released?
In what year was 'Ain't That Good News' released?
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What characterized the instrumentation of The Beach Boys' 'Pet Sounds'?
What characterized the instrumentation of The Beach Boys' 'Pet Sounds'?
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What year was the first 24-track tape machine released?
What year was the first 24-track tape machine released?
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Who was the producer and engineer known for working at Abbey Road and Trident Studios?
Who was the producer and engineer known for working at Abbey Road and Trident Studios?
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What iconic concert took place in August 1969 and had over 400,000 attendees?
What iconic concert took place in August 1969 and had over 400,000 attendees?
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Which technology is known as the most popular guitar effect pedal of all time?
Which technology is known as the most popular guitar effect pedal of all time?
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In what year was 'Switched on Bach' by Wendy Carlos released?
In what year was 'Switched on Bach' by Wendy Carlos released?
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Which of the following instruments was NOT a cable-connected module in the Moog Modular Synthesizer?
Which of the following instruments was NOT a cable-connected module in the Moog Modular Synthesizer?
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What was a key feature of the MCI JH-24?
What was a key feature of the MCI JH-24?
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What innovative audio production technique was invented by Geoff Emmerick to address The Beatles' requests?
What innovative audio production technique was invented by Geoff Emmerick to address The Beatles' requests?
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Which of the following mics is noted for having a fixed cardioid pickup pattern?
Which of the following mics is noted for having a fixed cardioid pickup pattern?
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Which artist is recognized as the ‘Queen of Soul’?
Which artist is recognized as the ‘Queen of Soul’?
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What characterized the Beatles' mono mixes prior to 'Yellow Submarine'?
What characterized the Beatles' mono mixes prior to 'Yellow Submarine'?
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Which album was Jimi Hendrix's debut released in 1967?
Which album was Jimi Hendrix's debut released in 1967?
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Which production aspect is NOT attributed to George Martin?
Which production aspect is NOT attributed to George Martin?
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What significant development occurred in 1967 that changed music production?
What significant development occurred in 1967 that changed music production?
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Which instrument is NOT typically associated with the Beatles' innovations?
Which instrument is NOT typically associated with the Beatles' innovations?
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What genre does the 'Summer of Love' most closely relate to?
What genre does the 'Summer of Love' most closely relate to?
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What innovation is the UREI 1176 known for?
What innovation is the UREI 1176 known for?
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Which artist's album includes the song 'Respect'?
Which artist's album includes the song 'Respect'?
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How did The Beatles generally perceive stereo mixes?
How did The Beatles generally perceive stereo mixes?
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Which term describes the use of various track layering techniques in recording?
Which term describes the use of various track layering techniques in recording?
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Study Notes
Political and Social Change of the 1960s
- JFK Assassination (1963)
- Malcolm X Assassination (1965)
- MLK Assassination (1968)
- RFK Assassination (1968)
- Environmental Movement
- Sexual Revolution
- Counter Culture Movement
- Second Wave Feminism
- The Cold War (1945-1990)
- Vietnam War (1963-1973)
- The Space Race
Bob Dylan
- Born Robert Allen Zimmerman
- Leading figure in the folk movement of the early/mid-60s
- Lyrics-first genre with political and social themes
Sam Cooke
- "The King of Soul"
- Crossover star
- "Ain't That Good News" released 1964
Al Schmitt
- Producer (1930-2021)
- Won 20+ Grammy awards
- Mentioned by Tom Dowd
- RCA Studios (LA)
- Capitol Records (LA)
- Master of mic selection & placement
- Used an EQ when recording
- GOAT engineer
- Worked with Ray Charles and Sam Cooke
John Coltrane - "A Love Supreme"
- Released 1964
- Impulse Records
8-Track Tapes
- Invented in 1964
- Playback systems available in Ford cars in 1965
- 4 stereo tracks (programs) per tape
- Portable music on demand
- Declined in popularity in the 80s
- Compact cassette tapes dominated the 80's market
Dolby Noise Reduction
- 1965 - Dolby A (for studio use)
- Up to 15dB reduction
- 1968 - Dolby B
The Beach Boys - "Pet Sounds"
- Released in 1966
- "Good Vibrations" is the most celebrated recording of the 1960s
- Showcases Brian Wilson as composer
- Sophisticated instrumentation and jazz harmony.
- Recorded at various studios (Gold Star & Columbia LA)
- Initially received mixed reviews, but later hailed as a masterpiece.
The Theremin
- Invented by Leon Theremin in 1919
- Russian physicist
- Played without touching; electromagnetic fields
- Monophonic (one note at a time)
The British Invasion
- Importation of British music into the US.
- The Beatles
- The Rolling Stones
- The Yardbirds/Led Zeppelin
- The Who
- The Kinks
- Cream
Studer J37
- Released 1964
- First Studer multi-track recorder
- Uses 1-inch tape
- Abbey Road Studios bought four J37s in 1965
Abbey Road Studios
- Located in London
- Formerly EMI Studios
- Sunken live room
- Geoff Emmerick, Ken Scott - staff engineers
- No musicians allowed in the control room
The Beatles - "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"
- Released June 1967
- Made use of Studer J37, Mellotron, Orchestral Sound
- Experiments reflected in Sgt Peppers
Geoff Emmerick
- Producer (1945-2018)
- Beatles' producer, Revolver, Sgt. Pepper, Abbey Road
- Encouraged sonic experimentation
- Invented new audio production techniques
George Martin
- Producer (1926-2016)
- Staff producer for EMI
- Producer for the Beatles
- Classically trained Composer & Arranger
- Conducted music/vibes
Innovations of the Beatles
- Experimental microphone techniques
- Intentional distortion & use of feedback
- Reverse tape effects
- Extensive track bouncing
- Tape loops
- Non-musical sounds
- Vocal effects
- Half-speed recording
- Mellotron, Fender Rhodes, Moog Synthesizer
- World instrumentation
- Classical instrumentations
- Expanded/experimental song structure
- Innovative/expanded lyrical approach
- Concept Albums
The Beatles in Mono
- All pre-Yellow Submarine albums best consumed in mono
- Stereo mixes an afterthought
- Assistant engineers were tasked with stereo mixes
- Majority of people listen in mono
- Mono mixes are superior
- Mono mixes are now available on Spotify
Neumann KM84
- First mic to use 48V phantom power
- Small diaphragm condenser
- Very flat frequency response
- Fixed cardioid pattern
- Engineered to be small
Neumann U87
- Improvement on the U67 design
- Introduced 48V (phantom power) in 1967
- Extremely versatile and reliable microphone
- Possible the most loved LDC of all time
Other Important Mics of the 60s
- Coles 4038 (Instruments/drums)
- AKG D12 (Dynamic Mic)
- Neumann M49 (Condenser Mic)
- Electro-Voice RE-20 (Dynamic Mic)
Aretha Franklin
- (1942-2018), "Queen of Soul",
- GOAT R&B singer, From Detroit, Son of CL Franklin
Jimi Hendrix - "Are You Experienced?"
- Released 1967
- Reprise Records (US)
- Fender Strat + Marshall Amp
- Jimi changed what's possible technically on an electric guitar
The Summer of Love
- Summer of 1967; Peak of the Hippie Era, "Summer of Love"
- Over 100,000 youth in San Francisco; Haight-Ashbury
- Bill Graham: important promoter and venue in San Francisco including Fillmore
- The Grateful Dead, Sly and the Family Stone, Jefferson Airplane, Santana, Steve Miller Band, Big Brother & The Holding Company.
- Country Joe and the Fish
Ampex MM-1000
- Released 1967
- First 16-track tape machine
- Preceded by the AG 1000 (1966)
- 2-inch tape
UREI 1176
- Released 1967-68
- Solid-state transistor-based compressor
- Field Effect Transistor (FET)
- 20-800 microseconds attack range
- Reissued by Bill Putnam Jr. with Universal Audio in 2000
MCI JH-24
- Released in 1968
- First 24-track tape machine
- Modified Ampex 300
- 8, 16 and 24-track versions
- 2-inch tape.
- Remote control
Moog Modular Synthesizer
- Robert Moog (rhymes with Vogue)
- Moog demos his modular at AES in 1964
Wendy Carlos - "Switched on Bach"
- Released 1968
- Columbia Records (Album)
- Featured variety of Bach pieces
- Used Moog Modular synth
- Sold over one million copies
- Hugely influential
Trident Studios
- Opened in 1968 in London
- State of the art equipment
- Notable artists: Queen, David Bowie, Elton John, Rolling Stones
Ken Scott
- Engineer and producer
- Worked at Abbey Road & Trident Studios
- Worked with: The Beatles, Elton John, Pink Floyd, Jeff Beck, David Bowie, Supertramp, Duran Duran
- Memoir called “Abbey Road to Ziggy Stardust”
Woodstock
- August 1969
- 400,000+ people attended
- One of the largest concerts ever
- Iconic moment for the counter-culture movement
- Free concert, included Santana and The Grateful Dead
The Wah Wah Pedal
- Most popular guitar effect pedal
- Foot-operated filter for guitars/keyboards
- Creates "wah-wah" sound
- Popular in the late 60s and 70s
The Beatles' Breakup
- "Let It Be" recorded primarily in 68/69; shelved
- "Abbey Road" recorded and released in 1969
- Band broke up in 1970
- "Let It Be" (with Phil Spector production) released one month after breakup
LA-3A
- Released 1969
- Solid state version of the LA-2A
- Uses optical cell of LA-2A
- Fast attack, mid-forward sound
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Description
Test your knowledge of jazz history with this quiz covering influential musicians, groundbreaking technology in music, and iconic albums. From Miles Davis to John Coltrane, explore pivotal moments in jazz that shaped the genre. Challenge yourself to see how well you know the details!